Pedagogy and Pedeutology of the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius: Insights from Hans Urs von Balthasar and Adrienne von Speyr

Abstract

This essay seeks to elucidate the pedagogical and pedeutological concepts inherent in the Spiritual Exercises of Saint Ignatius, as interpreted by Hans Urs von Balthasar and Adrienne von Speyr. The research deals with the narratives of these two twentieth-century authors regarding the Spiritual Exercises, with particular attention to their pedagogical and pedeutological aspects. The primary method employed is the analysis of both primary and secondary literature pertinent to this research subject. The argument unfolds in distinct stages.  Initially, attention is given to the pedeutological aspect concerning the role of the retreat master and his rapport with the retreatants. Subsequently, the focus shifts to the pedagogy of the Exercises, which, encompasses three key elements. Firstly, the theocentric worldview outlined in the Foundation and Principle of the Exercises (SE 23) along with the concept of Ignatian indifference implicit within it is expounded upon. The cultivation of this disposition emerges as the fundamental objective of the pedagogy of the Exercises.  Consequently, the method for instilling and solidifying the attitude of indifference is drafted as a second element. Lastly, the third key element of this pedagogy—the discernment of one’s vocation—is examined. Ultimately, it is concluded that the presented pedagogical and pedeutological frameworks serve as countervailing forces against contemporary societal challenges such as secularization, egocentrism, and the fear of lasting commitments. Therefore, the proposed pedagogical model retains relevance and significance in the present era.