Zjawisko zażywania muchomora czerwonego (amanita muscaria) wśród uczestników internetowych grup dyskusyjnych
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/SPI.2023.2.009Keywords
red fly agaric, mushrooms, psychoactive substances, narcotics, intoxication, hallucinogensAbstract
Red fly agaric is one of the most recognizable species of mushrooms. Although the knowledge of its toxicity is common in Polish society, a rise in its recreational use has been observed in recent years. The aim of the study is to describe the phenomenon of fly agaric consumption and to characterize its enthusiasts in the context of individual and social conditions. The study was conducted using a proprietary questionnaire with questions about red fly agaric usage, issues related to mental health, and sociodemographic data. A total of 95 respondents were qualified for the research sample: 32 women, 60 men, and three people who declared a gender other than binary. They were divided into two groups: experimenters (OE) and regular red fly agaric users (OU). The frequency, form, dosage, and place of fly agaric consumption among the respondents was determined, as well as the circumstances of and sources for acquiring the substance. The subjects noted the effects—direct and long-term—of taking fly agaric. The results show that the use of psychoactive substances is constantly developing and that the changing trends make it necessary to reflect on the support system for people with addiction problems.
References
Barwina M., Habrat B., Sein Anand J. (2014). Nadużywanie benzydaminy, „Alkoholizm i Narkomania”, nr 27, s. 77–87.
Beuhler M.C. (2016). Overview of Mushroom Poisoning, [w:] J. Brent, K. Burkhart, P. Dargan, B. Hatten, B. Megarbane, R. Palmer (red.), Critical Care Toxicology, Edinburgh: Springer, Cham, s. 2103–2128.
Błachut M., Badura-Brzoza K., Jarząb M., Gorczyca P., Hese R.T. (2013). Podwójna diagnoza u osób uzależnionych lub szkodliwie używających substancji psychoaktywnych, „Psychiatria Polska”, t. 47, nr 2, s. 335–352.
Chwaluk P., Przybysz I. (2015). Intoksykacje muchomorem czerwonym w Polsce – nowa tendencja na scenie narkotykowej czy współczesna adaptacja obcych tradycji? Przegląd literatury i doniesienie kliniczne, „Etnobiologia Polska”, nr 5, s. 89–98.
Crocq M.A. (2007). Historical and Cultural Aspects of Man’s Relationship with Addictive Drugs, „Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience”, t. 9, nr 4, s. 355–361.
Czabała C. (2008). Typologia pacjentów korzystających z instytucjonalnej pomocy w związku z używaniem narkotyków, „Serwis Informacyjny Narkomania”, t. 43, nr 4, s. 3–6.
Europejskie Centrum Monitorowania Narkotyków i Narkomanii (2022). Europejski raport narkotykowy 2022: Tendencje i osiągnięcia, Luksemburg: Urząd Publikacji Unii Europejskiej.
Johnston G.A.R. (2014). Muscimol as an Ionotropic GABA Receptor Agonist, „Neurochemical Research”, t. 39, nr 10, s. 1942–1947.
Johnston G.A.R., Chebib M., Duke R., Fernandez S., Hanrahan J., Hinton T. (2009). Herbal Products and GABA Receptors, „Encyclopedia of Neuroscience”, nr 4, s. 1095–1101.
Just M., Ogłodek E. (2013). Pacjent z rozpoznaniem zapalenia trzustki oraz „podwójnej diagnozy”, „Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski”, t. 34, nr 203, s. 298–301.
Krajowe Biuro ds. Przeciwdziałania Narkomanii (2020). Raport o stanie narkomanii w Polsce 2020, Warszawa: Krajowe Biuro do Spraw Przeciwdziałania Narkomanii.
Marciniak B., Ferenc T., Kusowska J., Ciećwierz J., Kowalczyk E. (2010). Zatrucia wybranymi grzybami o działaniu neurotypowym i halucynogennym, „Medycyna Pracy”, t. 61, nr 5, s. 583–595.
Michelot D., Melendez-Howell L.M. (2003). Amanita muscaria: Chemistry, Biology, Toxicology, and Ethnomycology, „Mycological Research”, t. 107, nr 2, s. 131–146.
Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz M.A., Pankowska S., Janiak M., Pruszczyk P., Łazowski T., Jankowski K. (2016). Coma in the Course of Severe Poisoning After Consumption of Red Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria), „Acta Biochimica Polonica”, t. 63, nr 1, s. 181–182.
Motyka M., Marcinkowski J.T. (2014). Nowe metody odurzania się. Cz. I: Leki dostępne bez recepty wykorzystywane w celach narkotycznych, „Problemy Higieny i Epidemiologii”, t. 95, nr 3, s. 504–511.
Nielsen E., Schousboe A., Hansen S.H., Krogsgaard-Larsen P. (1985). Excitatory Amino Acids: Studies on the Biochemical and Chemical Stability of Ibotenic Acid and Related Compounds, „Journal of Neurochemistry”, t. 45, nr, s. 725–731.
Stebelska K. (2013). Fungal Hallucinogens Psilocin, Ibotenic Acid, and Muscimol, „Therapeutic Drug Monitoring”, t. 35, nr 4, s. 420–442.
Trojanowska A. (2001). O leczniczym użyciu grzybów w XIX wieku, „Analecta” t. 10, nr 2, s. 111–127.
Netografia
Marcinek M. (2022). Niebezpieczny trend w mediach społecznościowych. Chodzi o trujące muchomory, https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/news%2C1454002%2Cniebezpieczny-trend-w-mediach-spolecznosciowych-chodzi-o-trujace-muchomory [dostęp: 14.12.2022].
Trela K. (2022). Łódź. Trzy osoby trafiły na OIOM po zatruciu muchomorem. „Było to spożycie celowe, w celu odurzenia”, https://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/7,114883,29027663,lodz-trzy-osoby-trafily-na-oiom-po-zatruciu-muchomorem-bylo.html [dostęp: 14.12.2022].
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Marta Pięta-Chrystofiak, Damian Brohs
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
By submitting an article, the author declares that:
they are the author of the article (hereinafter referred to as the Work) and:
- is entitled to exclusive and unlimited copyright to the Work,
- is entitled to dispose of the copyrights to the Work.
The Author grants the Jesuit University Ignatianum in Cracow a free, non-exclusive, territorially unlimited license to use the Work in the following fields of exploitation:
- publishing the Work in paper, digital or magnetic form;
- multiplying the work by any method, without limiting the number of editions or copies;
- distribution of the work and its copies in any form, including marketing, sales, lending, and lease;
- placing the work in a computer memory;
- distribution of the work in information networks, including the Internet;
- public performance, exhibition, display, reproduction, broadcasting and re-broadcasting, as well as making the Work available to the public in such a manner that everyone could have access to it at a time and place chosen by themselves;
- within the scope of dependent rights to the Work, covering, in particular, the right to make necessary changes to the Work, resulting from editorial and methodical preparation, as well as to make translations of the Work into other languages.
The license right shall be transferred the moment of transfer of the Work to the Jesuit University Ignatianum in Cracow. The Jesuit University Ignatianum in Cracow is entitled to grant sub-licenses to the Work in terms of the right granted. The license shall be limited in time for a period of 15 years from the date it is granted.
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 3909
Number of citations: 0