Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
  • Register
  • Login
  • Language
    • English
    • Język Polski
  • Menu
  • Home
  • Current
  • Archives
  • Announcements
  • About
    • About the Journal
    • Submissions
    • Editorial Team
    • Privacy Statement
    • Contact
  • Register
  • Login
  • Language:
  • English
  • Język Polski

Przegląd Badań Edukacyjnych (Educational Studies Review)

Strategies for Disciplining Children Used by Non-heterosexual Parents and Their Partners – a Case Study
  • Home
  • /
  • Strategies for Disciplining Children Used by Non-heterosexual Parents and Their Partners – a Case Study
  1. Home /
  2. Archives /
  3. Vol. 1 No. 20 (2015) /
  4. Original research projects

Strategies for Disciplining Children Used by Non-heterosexual Parents and Their Partners – a Case Study

Authors

  • Małgorzata Kowalska Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12775/PBE.2015.037

Keywords

disciplining strategies, love-oriented discipline, power-assertive discipline, inductive discipline, LGBT parents, moral development, children of LGBT parents

Abstract

The article presents the results of a qualitative research conducted between 2010 and 2014. The participants of the study were non-heterosexual parents and their partners bringing up a child.
The research problem concerned disciplining strategies. Data analysis and interpretation of the results was conducted in the context of the theory of moral development by L.M. Hoffman. Out of the seven cases analysed, evidence for the use of inductive discipline was found in two. Other participants combined either the strategy of induction and the powerassertive discipline, or the power-assertive discipline and the love-oriented discipline.

References

Baptist J. A., Allen K. R. (2008), A Family’s Coming Out Process: Systematic Changes and Multiple Realities, “Contemporary Family Therapy”, 30, 92–110.

Baumrid D. (1971), Current Patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology Monographs,

, 1–101.

Baumrid D. (1978), Parental disciplinary patterns and social competence in children, “Youth & Society”, 9, 239–276.

Bigner J. J., Jacobsen R. B. (1989), Parenting behaviors of homosexual and heterosexual

fathers, “Journal of Homosexuality”, 18:173–186.

Bojarska K., Kowalczyk R. (2010), Homoseksualność i społeczeństwo, [w:] Z. Lew-Starowicz, V. Skrzypulec (red.), Podstawy seksuologii, Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL, Warszawa.

Bos H. M. W., Balen F., Boom D. C. (2005), Lesbian family and family functioning: an overview, “Patient Education and Counseling”, 59.

Bozett F. W. (1980), Gay Fathers: How and Why They Disclose Their Homosexuality to Their Children, “Family Relations”, Vol. 29, No. 2.

Bozett F. W. (1987), Gay and Lesbian Parents, Praeger, New York.

Bozett F. W. (1988), Social control of identity by children of gay fathers, “Western Journal of

Nursing Research”, 10, 550–565.

Breawaes A., Devroey P., Helmerhorst F. M., van Hall E. C., Ponjaert I. (1995), Lesbian mothers who conceived after donor insemination: a follow-up study, “Human Reproduction”, 10, 2731–2735.

Breawaes A., Ponjaert I., van Steirteghem A. C., Devroey P. (1993), Children from anonymous donors: an inquiry into homosexual and heterosexual parents’ attitudes, “Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology”, 14, 23–35.

Brewaeys A., Ponjaert I., Hall E. V., Golombok S. (1997), Donor insemination: Child development

and family functioning in lesbian mother families, “Human Reproduction”, 12, 1349–1359.

Chan R. W., Raboy B., Patterson C. J. (1998), Psychosocial adjustment among children conceived via donor insemination by lesbian and heterosexual mothers, “Child Development”, 69, 443–457.

Chirrey D. A., (2003), “I hereby come out”: What sort of speech act is coming out?, “Journal of Sociolinguistics”, 7/1, 24–37.

Darling N., Steinberg L. (1993), Parenting style as context: An integrative model, “Psychological

Bulletin”, 113, 487–496.

Eisenberg, N., Morris, A. S. (2001), The origins and social significance of empathy-related responding, “Social Justice”, 14, 95–120.

Gartell N., Banks A., Hamilton J., Reed N., Bishop H., Rodas C. (1999), The National Lesbian Family Study: 2. Interviews with Mothers of Toddlers, “American Journal of Orthopsychiatry”, 69(3), 362–369

Gartell N., Banks A., Reed N., Hamilton J., Rodas C., Deck A. (2000), The National Lesbian Family Study: 3. Interviews with Mothers of Five-Year-Olds, “American Journal of Orthopsychiatry”, 70(4), 542–548.

Gartell N., Hamilton J., Banks A., Mosbacher D., Reed N., Sparks C. H., Bishop H. (1996), The National Lesbian Family Study: 1. Interviews with prospective mothers, “American Journal of Orthopsychiatry”, 66, 272–281.

Gershon T. D., Tschann J. M., Jemerin J. M. (1999), Stigmatization, self-esteem, and coping among the adolescent children of lesbian mothers, “Journal of Adolescent Health”, 24, 437–445.

Golombok S. (2002), Why I study… lesbian mothers?, “The Psychologist”, Vol. 15, No. 11.

Golombok S., Perry B., Burston A., Murray C., Mooney-Somers J., Stevens M., Golding J. (2003), Children With Lesbian Mothers: A Community Study, “Developmental Psychology”, Vol. 39, No.1.

Golombok S., Spencer A., Rutter M. (1983), Children in lesbian and single parent household:

psychosexual and psychiatric appraisal, “Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry”, 24, 551–572.

Golombok S., Tasker F. (1996), Do Parents Influence the Sexual Orientation of Their Children?

Findings From a Longitudinal Study of Lesbian Families, “Development Psychology”, 32 (1), 3–11.

Golombok S., Tasker F. (1997), Children Raised in Fatherless Families from Infancy: Family

Relationships and the Socioemotional Development of Children of Lesbian and Single Heterosexual Mothers, “Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines”,38(7), 783–791.

Gottman J. S. (1990), Children of gay and lesbian parents, [w:] F. W. Bozett I M. B. Sussman

(eds.), Homosexuality and family relations, 177–196, Harrington Park, New York.

Green R. (1978) Sexual identity of 37 children raised by homosexual or transsexual parents, “The American Journal of Psychiatry”, vol. 135, 692–697.

Green R., Mandel J., Hotveld M., Gray J., Smith L. (1986), Lesbian mothers and their children:

a comparison with solo parent heterosexual mothers and their children, “Archives of Sexual Behavior”, 15, 167–184.

Harris M. B., Turner P. H. (1985), Gay and lesbian parents, “Journal of Homosexuality”, 12, 101–113.

Hoeffer B. (1981), Children’s acquisition of sex-role behavior in lesbian-mother families, “American Journal of Orthopsychiatry”, 51, 536–544.

Hoffman L. M. (1963), Parent discipline and the child’s consideration for others, “Child Development”, 34, 573–588.

Hoffman L. M. (1970), Conscience, personality, and socialization techniques, “Human Development”, 23, 90–126.

Hoffman M. L. (2006), Empatia i rozwój moralny, Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne, Gdańsk.

Hoffman M. L., Saltzstein H. D. (1967), Parent discipline and the child’s moral development,

“Journal of Personality and Social Psychology”, 5, 45–57.

Hotveld M., Mandel J. (1982), Children of lesbian mothers, [w:] P. W. Weinrich, J. Gonsiorek,

M. Hotveld, (eds.), Homosexuality: Social, Psychological and Biological Issues,

Beverly Hills, Sage, 275–285.

Huggins S. (1989), A comparative study of self esteem of adolescent children of divorced lesbian mothers and divorced heterosexual mothers, [w:] F. W. Bozett (red.), Homosexuality and the Family, Harrington Park, New York, 123–135.

Izdebski Z. (1992), Seksualizm dzieci i młodzieży w Polsce: raport z badań, Wyd. WSP, Zielona Góra.

Javaid G. A. (1993), The children of homosexual and heterosexual single mothers, “Child Psychiatry and Human Development”, 23, 235–248.

Joos K. E., Broad K. L. (2007), Coming Out of the Family Closet: Stories of Adult Women

with LGBTQ Parent(s), “Qualitative Sociology”, 30, 275–295.

Kirkpatrick M., Smith C. i Roy R. (1981), Lesbian mothers and their children: A comparative

survey, “American Journal of Orthopsychiatry”, 51, 545–551.

Koepke L., Hare J., Moran P. B. (1992), Relationship Quality in a Sample of Lesbian Couples with Children and Child-Free Lesbian Couples, “Family Relations”, 41 (2), 224–229.

Kuvulanka K. A., Goldberg A. E. (2009), “Second Generation” Voices: Queer Youth with

Lesbian/Bisexual Mothers, “Journal of Youth and Adolescent”, 38, 904–919.

Lewin E., Lyons T. A. (1982), Everything in its place. The coexistence of lesbianism and motherhood,

[w:] P. W. Weinrich, J. Gonsiorek, M. Hotveld, (eds.), Homosexuality: Social, Psychological and Biological Issues, Sage, Beverly Hills, 249–273.

Lewis K. G. (1980), Children of lesbians: their point of view, “Social Work” (May), 198–203.

Lewis K. G. (1990), Children of lesbians: their point of view, “Social Work”, 25, 193–198.

Maccoby E. E., Matrin J. A. (1983), Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction, [w:] E. M. Hetherington (ed.), Handbook of child psychology, 4. Socialization, personality, and social interaction, Wiley, New York.

McCandlish B. M. (1987), Against all odds: Lesbian mother family dynamics, [w:] F. W. Bozett (ed.), Gay and Lesbian Parents, Praeger, London.

Miller B. (1979), Gay Father and Their Children, “The Family Coordinator”, Vol. 28, No. 4, s. 544–552.

Miller J., Jacobson R., Bigger J. (1981), The child’s home environment for lesbian vs. heterosexual

mothers. A neglected area of research, “Journal of Homosexuality”, 7, 49–56.

Morris J. F., Balsam K. F., Rothbum E. D. (2002), Lesbian and bisexual mothers and nonmothers:

demographics and the coming-out process, “Journal of Family Psychology”, 16, 144–156.

Mucklow B., Phelan G. (1979), Lesbian and traditional mothers’ responses to child behavior and self concept, “Psychological Report”, 44, 880–2.

O’Connel A. (1993), Voices from the heart: The developmental impact of a mother’s lesbianism

on her adolescent children, Smith College Studies in Social Work, 63, 281–299.

Patterson C. J. (1995), Families of the baby boom: Parents division of labor and children’s adjustment, “Developmental Psychology”, 31, 115–123.

Prokopowicz P. (2008), Psychologiczne, społeczne oraz prawne aspekty wychowywania dzieci przez pary homoseksualne, (red.), K. Slany, B. Kowalska, M. Śmietana, Zakład Wydawniczy NOMOS, Kraków.

Rand C., Graham D., Rawlings E. (1982), Psychological health and factors the court seeks to control in lesbian mother custody trails, “Journal of Homosexuality”, 8, 27–39.

Rubacha K. (2008), Metodologia badań nad edukacją, Wyd. Akademickie i Profesjonalne, Warszawa.

Schaffer H. R. (1996), Rozwój społeczny. Dzieciństwo i młodość, Wyd. Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego,

Kraków.

Słownik Socjologii Jakościowej (2012), (red.) K. T. Konecki, P. Chomczyński, Wyd. Difin, Warszawa.

Spera C. (2005), A Review of the Relationship Among Parenting Practices, Parenting Styles,

and Adolescent School Achievement, “Educational Psychology Review”, Vol. 17, No. 2, 125–146.

Stafford L., Bayer C. L. (1993), Interaction between parents and children, Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Steckel A. (1987), Psychological development of children of lesbian mothers, [w:] F. W. Bozzet

(ed.), Gay and lesbian parents, Praeger, London.

Tasker F. L, Golombok S. (1997), Growing Up in a Lesbian Family. Effects on Child Development,

The Guilford Press, New York–London.

Tasker F. L. (2005), Lesbian Mothers, Gay Fathers, and Their Children: A Review, “Developmental

And Behavioral Pediatrics”, Vol. 26, No. 3.

Tasker F., Golombok S. (1995), Adult raised as children in lesbian families, “American Journal

of Orthopsychiatry”, 65, 203–215.

Tatarkiewicz W. (2002), Historia filozofii. Tom pierwszy. Filozofia starożytna i średniowieczna, Wyd. Naukowe PWN, Gdańsk.

Tomalski P. (2007), Nietypowe rodziny. O parach gejów i lesbijek oraz ich dzieciach z perspektywy

teorii przywiązania, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa.

Vanfraussen K., Ponjaert-Kristoffersen I., Brewaeys A. (2001), An attempt to reconstruct children’s donor concept: a comparison between children’s and lesbian parents‘ attitudes toward donor anonymity, “Human Reproduction”, 16(9), 2019–2025.

Vanfraussen K., Ponjaert-Kristoffersen I., Brewaeys A. (2002), What does it mean for youngsters

to grow up in a lesbian created by means of donor insemination?, “Journal Reproductive and Infant Psychology”, 20, 237–252.

Vanfraussen K., Ponjaert-Kristoffersen I., Brewaeys A. (2003), Family functioning in lesbian families created by donor insemination, “American Journal of Orthopsychiatry”, 73, 78–90.

Weeks R. B., Derdeyn A. P. i Langman M. (1975), Two cases of children of homosexuals, “Child Psychology and Human Development”, 6, 26–32.

Wyers N. L. (1987), Homosexuality in the family: lesbian and gay spouses, “Social Work”, 32, 143–148.

Przegląd Badań Edukacyjnych (Educational Studies Review)

Downloads

  • PDF (Język Polski)

Published

2015-10-12

How to Cite

1.
KOWALSKA, Małgorzata. Strategies for Disciplining Children Used by Non-heterosexual Parents and Their Partners – a Case Study. Przegląd Badań Edukacyjnych (Educational Studies Review). Online. 12 October 2015. Vol. 1, no. 20, pp. 83-102. [Accessed 7 November 2025]. DOI 10.12775/PBE.2015.037.
  • ISO 690
  • ACM
  • ACS
  • APA
  • ABNT
  • Chicago
  • Harvard
  • IEEE
  • MLA
  • Turabian
  • Vancouver
Download Citation
  • Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
  • BibTeX

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 20 (2015)

Section

Original research projects

Stats

Number of views and downloads: 1488
Number of citations: 0

Search

Search

Browse

  • Browse Author Index
  • Issue archive

User

User

Current Issue

  • Atom logo
  • RSS2 logo
  • RSS1 logo

Information

  • For Readers
  • For Authors
  • For Librarians

Newsletter

Subscribe Unsubscribe

Language

  • English
  • Język Polski

Tags

Search using one of provided tags:

disciplining strategies, love-oriented discipline, power-assertive discipline, inductive discipline, LGBT parents, moral development, children of LGBT parents
Up

Akademicka Platforma Czasopism

Najlepsze czasopisma naukowe i akademickie w jednym miejscu

apcz.umk.pl

Partners

  • Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
  • Akademickie Towarzystwo Andragogiczne
  • Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
  • Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla Polskiej Akademii Nauk
  • Instytut Kultur Śródziemnomorskich i Orientalnych PAN
  • Instytut Tomistyczny
  • Karmelitański Instytut Duchowości w Krakowie
  • Ministerstwo Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego
  • Państwowa Akademia Nauk Stosowanych w Krośnie
  • Państwowa Akademia Nauk Stosowanych we Włocławku
  • Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa im. Stanisława Pigonia w Krośnie
  • Polska Fundacja Przemysłu Kosmicznego
  • Polskie Towarzystwo Ekonomiczne
  • Polskie Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze
  • Towarzystwo Miłośników Torunia
  • Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
  • Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
  • Uniwersytet Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
  • Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika
  • Uniwersytet w Białymstoku
  • Uniwersytet Warszawski
  • Wojewódzka Biblioteka Publiczna - Książnica Kopernikańska
  • Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne w Pelplinie / Wydawnictwo Diecezjalne „Bernardinum" w Pelplinie

© 2021- Nicolaus Copernicus University Accessibility statement Shop