Overexcitability in Children Aged 8 and 9 in Parents’ Perception. Does Sex Matter?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/PBE.2022.001Słowa kluczowe
emotional empathy overexcitability, parents’ perception, sex, children aged 8 and 9Abstrakt
Overexcitabilities (OEs) that manifest themselves in intense, emotional, and deep experiencing are part of the developmental potential in Kazimierz Dąbrowski’s Theory of Positive Disintegration. Most of the studies of OEs are conducted with gifted individuals, using self-evaluation.
The present study was carried out among children randomly selected from a general school population, excluding the selective criterion of high abilities. With the use of the Overexcitability Inventory for Parents (OIP-II), parents’ perceptions of their children’s profiles of OEs were collected. The OIP-II consists of six scales: psychomotor, sensual, imaginational, intellectual OEs, plus emotional sensitivity and emotional empathy. The participants were 116 parents of children aged 8 (13 girls, 29 boys) and 9 (37 girls, 37 boys) from Poland. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that girls scored statistically significantly higher than boys on sensual OE and emotional empathy. Older girls obtained higher scores on sensual OE and younger on emotional empathy. No OE profile of boys was found. The novelty in the present study is a random selection of children from a general population for the study as well as the use of the OIP-II. In the discussion, possible explanations and interpretations of the findings are presented, including a suggestion for the direction of further research.
Bibliografia
Blume, L.B., & Zembar, M.J. (2007). Middle Childhood to Middle Adolescence: Development
from Ages 8 to 18. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Person Prentice Hall.
Bouchard, L.L. (2004). An Instrument for the Measure of Dąbrowski an Overexcitabilities
to Identity Gifted Elementary Students. Gifted Child Quarterly, 48(4), 339–350, doi: 10.1177/001698620404800407.
Chang, H.J. (2001). A Research on the Overexcitabilities of Gifted and Talented Students in Taiwan. Master’s Thesis, Department of Special Education. National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Chang, H.J., & Kuo, C. (2013). Overexcitabilities: Empirical Studies and Application. Learning and Individual Differences, 23, 53–63, doi: 10.1016/j.lindif.2012.10.010.
Cienin, P. (Pseudonym) (1972a). Existential Thoughts and Aphorisms. London, UK: Gryf.
Cienin, P. (Pseudonym) (1972b). Fragments from the Diary of a Madman. London, UK: Gryf.
Dąbrowski, C. (1937). Psychological Bases of Self-Mutilation. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 19, 1–104.
Dąbrowski, K. (1938/2019). Types of Increased Psychic Excitability (Transl. by M.M. Piechowski). Advanced Development, 17, 1–26. (Original work published 1938).
Dąbrowski, K. (1962). Higiena psychiczna [The Mental Hygiene]. Warszawa: Państwowe Zakłady Wydawnictw Szkolnych.
Dąbrowski, K. (1963). Osobowość, wybitne uzdolnienia i psychonerwice u dzieci i młodzieży [Personality, Exceptional Abilities and Psychoneuroses in Children and Adolescents]. Zdrowie Psychiczne: Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Higieny Psychicznej, 4(2), 53–63.
Dabrowski, K. (1964a). Positive Disintegration. Boston, MA: Little Brown.
Dąbrowski, K. (1964b). Społeczno-wychowawcza psychiatria dziecięca. Wyd. 2. [Social Educational Child Psychiatry. 2nd ed.]. Warszawa: PZWS.
Dabrowski, K. (1967). Personality-Shaping Through Positive Disintegration. Boston: Little, Brown.
Dabrowski, K. (1972). Psychoneurosis is not an Illness: Neuroses and Psychoneuroses from the Perspective of Positive Disintegration. London, UK: Gryf.
Dabrowski, K., Kawczak, A., & Piechowski, M.M. (1970). Mental Growth Through Positive Disintegration. London, UK: Gryf.
Dąbrowski, K., & Kujawska, J. (1965). Psychonerwice u młodzieży wybitnie uzdolnionej ze szkoł artystycznych i sportowych [Psychoneuroses in Highly Gifted Youth from Artistic and Sports Schools]. Zdrowie Psychiczne: Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Higieny Psychicznej, 6(1), 24–35.
Daniels, S., & Piechowski, M.M. (2009). Embracing Intensity: Overexcitability, Sensitivity, and the Developmental Potential of the Gifted. In: S. Daniels, & M.M. Piechowski (Eds.), Living with Intensity. Understanding the Sensitivity, Excitability, and Emotional Development of Gifted Children, Adolescents, and Adults (pp. 3–17). Scottsfale, AZ: Great Potential Press.
Falk, F.R., Lind, S., Miller, N.B., Piechowski, M.M., & Silverman, L.K. (1999). The Overexcitability Questionnaire – Two (OEQ-II): Manual, Scoring System, and Questionnaire. Denver, CO: Institute for the Study of Advanced Development.
Falk, F.R., Miller, N., & Silverman, L.K. (2018). A Comparison of Child and Parent Reports of Overexcitability. Paper presented at the 13th International Dabrowski Congress, Naperville, IL.
Falk, R.F., & Silverman, L.K. (2016). The Overexcitability Inventory for Parents (OIP-II): 28-item, Six-Factor Version Manual, Scoring System, and Questionnaire. Institute for the Study of Advanced Development, Westminster, CO. (Transl. by W. Limont, & M.M. Piechowski).
George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 Update (10th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Guthrie, K.H. (2019). “Nothing is Ever Easy”: Parent Perceptions of Intensity in Their Gifted Adolescent Children. The Qualitative Report, 24(8), 2080–2101, doi: 10.46743/2160-3715/2019.3598.
Hoffman, M.L. (1977). Sex Differences in Empathy and Related Behaviours. Psychological Bulletin, 84(4), 712–722, doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.84.4.712.
Kitano, M.K. (1990). Intellectual Abilities and Psychological Intensities in Young Children: Implications for the Gifted. Roeper Review: A Journal on Gifted Education, 13(1), 5–10, doi: 10.1080/02783199009553296.
Limont, W., Dreszer-Drogorob, J., Bedyńska, S., Śliwińska, K., & Jastrzębska, D. (2014). ‘Old Wine in New Bottles’? Relationships Between Overexcitabilities, The Big Five Personality Traits and Giftedness in Adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 69, 199–204, doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.06.003.
Mendaglio, S. (2008). Dabrowski’s Theory of Positive Disintegration: A Personality Theory for the 21st Century. In: S. Mendaglio (Ed.), Dabrowski’s Theory of Positive Disintegration (pp. 13–40). Scottsdale: Great Potential Press, Inc.
Mika, E. (2006). Giftedness, ADHD, and Overexcitabilities: The Possibilities of Misinformation. Roeper Review, 28(4), 237–242, doi: 10.1080/02783190609554370.
Miller, N.B. (2018). Research at the Gifted Development Center. In: T. Rongińska (Ed.), Człowiek w całokształcie życia: rodzina – edukacja – praca [A Human in the Entirety of Life: Family – Education – Work]. Psychologiczne Zeszyty Naukowe. Półrocznik Instytutu Psychologii Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego, 2, pp. 29–37.
Miller, N.B., Silverman, L.K., & Falk, R.F. (1995). Emotional Development, Intellectual Ability, and Gender. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 18(1), 20–38, doi: 10.1177/016235329401800103.
Piechowski, M.M. (1979). Developmental Potential. In: N. Colangelo, & R.T. Zaffrann (Eds.), New Voices in Counselling the Gifted (pp. 25–57). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.
Piechowski, M.M. (1991). Emotional Development and Emotional Giftedness. In: N. Colangelo, & G. Davis (Eds.), Handbook of Gifted Education (pp. 285–306). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Piechowski, M.M. (1999). Overexcitabilities. In: M. Runco, & S. Prizker (Eds.), Encyclopaedia of Creativity (pp. 325–334). Vol. 2. New York: Academic Press.
Piechowski, M.M. (2001). Childhood Spirituality. Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 33(1), 1–15.
Piechowski, M.M. (2014). “Mellow Out,” They Say. If I Only Could: Intensities and Sensitivities of the Young and Bright. 2nd ed. Unionville, NY: Royal Fireworks Press.
Saarni, C. (1999). The Development of Emotional Competence. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Sandhu, T., & Prashar, S. (2018). Assessment of Overexcitabilities in Middle School Children. Remarking: An Analisation, 2(12), 78–83.
Silverman, L.K. (2013). Giftedness 101. New York, NY: Springer.
Tillier, W. (2018). Personality Development Through Positive Disintegration: The Work of Kazimierz Dąbrowski. Anna Maria, FL: Maurice Bassett.
Wells, C. (2017). Conceptual Evolution of Overexcitability: Descriptions and Examples from the Work of Kazimierz Dąbrowski [Data set], doi: 10.17632/v44252xxds.8.
Wells, C.R., & Falk, R.F. (2021). The Origins and Conceptual Evolution of Overexcitability. Psychologia Wychowawcza, 62(20), 23–44, doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.3816.
Yoon, Y.H., & Moon, J.H. (2009). A Comparison of the Overexcitabilities: In Gifted and Non-Gifted Korean Primary-School Children. Journal of Gifted/Talented Education, 19(3), 585–602.
Pobrania
Opublikowane
Jak cytować
Numer
Dział
Licencja
Prawa autorskie (c) 2022 Przegląd Badań Edukacyjnych
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
Statystyki
Liczba wyświetleń i pobrań: 1118
Liczba cytowań: 0
