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Ordines Militares Colloquia Torunensia Historica. Yearbook for the Study of the Military Orders

A Process of Secularization? Venetian Hospitallers and Hospitaller Estates on Cyprus after 1474
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  4. I. STUDIES AND ARTICLES FROM THE 18TH ORDINES MILITARES CONFERENCE

A Process of Secularization? Venetian Hospitallers and Hospitaller Estates on Cyprus after 1474

Authors

  • Nicholas Coureas Cyprus Research Centre Gladstonos 6 CY-1095 Nicosia Cyprus

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12775/OM.2016.006

Keywords

Military Orders, Late Middle Ages, Hospitaller Order, Cyprus, Venetians, Catalans

Abstract

In this paper the appointment of Venetian Hospitallers from 1474 onwards to manage the Hospitaller estates on the island of Cyprus will be examined. The main issue to be discussed with regard to their appointment, which coincided with the imposition of Venetian control over Cyprus, is whether this constituted secularization. Under Queen Catherine Corner (1473–1489) Venetian troops garrisoned Cypriot castles and Venetian officers were appointed to oversee the administration, marking a transition to Venetian governance. Non-Venetian Hospitallers and especially Catalans were viewed with suspicion, given the involvement of at least one Catalan Hospitaller in an unsuccessful plot to expel the Venetian in late 1473. Yet it can be argued that technically there was no secularization and that Venetian Hospitallers simply replaced non-Venetian ones. Nevertheless, given the participation of some of these Venetian Hospitallers in Venetian state diplomacy as well as in commerce involving Venice, a case can be made that in practice secularization did take place, despite the nominal assent the Order gave to the appointment of these Venetian Hospitallers.

The appointment of Venetians to manage Hospitaller estates in Cyprus provoked rivalry among powerful Venetian families within Venice. The two families concerned, the Corner and the Grimani, were powerful and pro-papal, providing most of the Venetian cardinal in the period 1500–1550, so this rivalry can be placed in a wider context. Furthermore, the imposition of Venetian taxes on such estates, despite the Order’s protests, also constitutes proof of secularization. Even so, the Hospitaller Order did maintain limited influence over appointments in Cyprus and sent members of the Order to the island to examine conditions on its estates, an indication that it did not lose complete control of its Cypriot properties.

References

Abel, Benjamin., edit. and trans. “Venetian Letters from the Archives of the Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation and other Cypriot Collections.” Nicosia: Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation, 2007.

Aristeidou, Aik., edit. “Anekdota engrapha tes kypriakes historias apo to kratiko arkheio tes Venetias.” 4 vols. Nicosia: Cyprus Research Centre, 1990–2003.

Boustronios, George. “A Narrative of the Chronicle of Cyprus 1456–1489.” Translated by Nicholas Coureas. Nicosia: Cyprus Research Centre, 2005.

Bustron, Florio. “Chronique de l’ île de Chypre.” edited by Rene de Mas Latrie. In Collection des documents inédits sur l’histoire de France: Mélanges historiques. Vol. 5. Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1886.

Mas Latrie, Luis de., edit. “Documents nouveaux servant de preuves à l’histoire de l’ île de Chypre sous le règne des princes de la maison de Lusignan.” In Collection des documents inédits: Mélanges historiques. Vol. 4. Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1882.

Rossi, Franco., edit. “Ambasciatta Straordinaria al Sultano d’Egitto (1489–90).” Venice: Il Comitato Editore, 1988.

Apostolopoulos, Chrestos. “Mia apopeira prosengises ton paroikon tes venetokratoumenes Kyprou me ten othomanike autokratoria.” In Praktika tou Tritou Diethnous Kyprologikou Synedriou. 3 vols. Nicosia: Cyprus Research Centre, 2000–2002.

Arbel, Benjamin. “A Royal Family in Republican Venice: The Cypriot Legacy of the Corner della Regina.” Studii Venetiani 15 (1988): 131–152.

Bonneaud, Pierre. “Les Saplana, histoire d’un “clan” familial Catalan et de ses liens avec l’Ordre de l’ Hôpital.” Societé de l’Histoire et du Patrimoine de l’Ordre de Malte 29 (2013): 37–49.

Coureas, Nicholas. “Between Hospitaller Rhodes and Lusignan Cyprus: The Case of the Zaplana Family.” Ordines Militares Colloquia Torunensia Historica. Yearbook for the Study of the Military Orders 19 (2014): 143–156.

Coureas, Nicholas. “King James II of Cyprus and the Hospitallers: Evidence from the Livre des Remembrances.” In The Military Orders, edited by Peter Edbury. Vol. 5: Politics and Power, 113–121. Farnham: Ashgate, 2012.

Ferraro, Joanne. Venice: History of the Floating City. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

Hill, George. A History of Cyprus. 4 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1940–1952.

Luttrell, Anthony. “Ta stratiotika tagmata.” In Historia tes Kyprou, edited by Theodore Papadopoullos. Vol. 4: Mesaionikon Basileion, Henetokratia, 733–758. Nicosia: Archbishop Makarios III Foundation, 1995.

Luttrell, Anthony. “Venice and the Knights Hospitallers of Rhodes in the Fourteenth Century.” In The Hospitallers in Cyprus, Rhodes, Greece and the West 1291–1440, edited by Anthony Luttrell, 195–212. Aldershot: Variorum Reprints, 1992.

Mas Latrie, Louis de. Histoire de l’ île de Chypre sous le règne des princes de la maison de Lusignan. 3 vols. Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1852–1861.

Sarnowsky, Jürgen. Macht und Herrschaft im Johanitterorden des 15. Jahrhunderts, Verfassung und Verwaltung der Johanniter auf Rhodos (1421–1522). Münster: LIT Verlag, 2001.

Skoufari, Evangelia. Cipro Veneziana (1473–1571). Rome: Viella, 2011.

Ordines Militares Colloquia Torunensia Historica Yearbook for the Study of the Military Orders; volume 21 (2016)

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Published

05/09/2016

How to Cite

1.
COUREAS, Nicholas. A Process of Secularization? Venetian Hospitallers and Hospitaller Estates on Cyprus after 1474. Ordines Militares Colloquia Torunensia Historica. Yearbook for the Study of the Military Orders. Online. 9 May 2016. Vol. 21, pp. 111-127. [Accessed 5 July 2025]. DOI 10.12775/OM.2016.006.
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Vol. 21 (2016)

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I. STUDIES AND ARTICLES FROM THE 18TH ORDINES MILITARES CONFERENCE

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CC BY ND 4.0. The Creator/Contributor is the Licensor, who grants the Licensee a non-exclusive license to use the Work on the fields indicated in the License Agreement.

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