Brain Abscess as a Life-Threatening Condition – A Case Report

Abstract

Introduction. Brain abscess is a severe focal infection of the central nervous system (CNS) that, despite advances in diagnostic imaging and treatment, may result in permanent neurological sequelae or death. Early diagnosis based on neuroimaging and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment are crucial for improving clinical outcomes.

Aim. The aim of this study was to describe the diagnostic evaluation and management of a patient with a brain abscess and to emphasize the importance of early recognition of this condition.

Case Report. We present the case of a 42-year-old man admitted to the hospital on an emergency basis following a first-ever seizure accompanied by loss of consciousness. Neuroimaging revealed a brain abscess. During hospitalization, particular attention was paid to the risk of seizure recurrence, injury and aspiration, as well as to neurological status, pain assessment, and the patient’s psychological well-being.

Discussion. The clinical presentation of brain abscess is variable and depends on several factors, including lesion location and size, the extent of perilesional cerebral edema, the presence of mass effect, and the patient’s overall clinical condition.

Conclusions. Brain abscess is a potentially life-threatening condition requiring prompt diagnostic evaluation and comprehensive management. Neuroimaging, identification of the causative pathogen, and appropriate antimicrobial therapy are essential components of treatment. Regular neurological assessment and patient safety measures are integral to comprehensive patient care. (JNNN 2026;15(2):78–83)