Safe Approach to Frail Patients During the Surgical Process – a Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15225/PNN.2024.13.2.6Keywords
complications, elderly, safety, surgeryAbstract
The increasing percentage of the elderly population is a worldwide phenomenon that causes changes in the epidemiology of surgical patients, resulting in a growing number of frail patients who are more vulnerable to potential complications. Preoperative assessment must be comprehensive to correct reversible abnormalities and prevent adverse events. Establishing strategies and interventions aimed at mitigating risks and improving outcomes allows healthcare professionals to implement evidence-based practices to optimize patient safety. The aim of this manuscript is analyze the safety of frail patients during the perioperative process and describe strategies to reduce risks and improve outcomes. Literature review conducted across various databases (PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, etc.). Selection criteria included terms such as “perioperative care”, “frail elderly”, surgery, and “postoperative complications”. Boolean operators AND and OR were utilized. According to all the reviewed studies, geriatric patients undergoing surgery require special care along with a comprehensive preoperative assessment due to their vulnerability. Collaboration among a multidisciplinary team and the development of evidence-based protocols are crucial for maximizing safety. Proper anesthesia management, temperature regulation, optimization of fluid balance, and meticulous monitoring of vital signs, among other factors, are essential for ensuring patient safety. The elderly patient undergoing surgery presents unique characteristics that require special considerations to ensure comprehensive care tailored to their needs, reducing additional risk factors. It is important to consider their fragility and their capacity for recovery. (JNNN 2024;13(2):85–89)
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