Nursing Care in Sodium Imbalance Commonly Encountered in Neurosurgery Patients
Keywords
Syndrome of ınappropriate antidiuretic hormone, diabetes insipidus, nursing care, neurosurgery, sodium imbalanceAbstract
Hormones released from pituitary, hypothalamus and endocrine system are affected in various neurological conditions including traumatic brain injuries, cranial surgeries, and brain tumors can impair the fluid and electrolyte balance of the body. The most frequent sodium imbalance types are the syndromes of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) causing hyponatremia and diabetes insipidus (DI) causing hypernatremia. Hyponatremia related to SIADH and hypernatremia related to DI can cause deterioration of the general medical statuses of the patients and even death through the cerebral edema or cerebral infarcts or low blood pressure related to systemic volume loss and therefore reduce cerebral perfusion pressure, respectively. In this review, the nursing interventions are summarized that could guide the nurses for the early diagnosis and follow-up of the sodium imbalances which are frequently seen in patients staying in neurosurgery clinics. (PNN 2013;2(1):37-42)
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