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The Journal of Neurological and Neurosurgical Nursing

Long Covid — Pathophysiology and Treatment
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Long Covid — Pathophysiology and Treatment

Authors

  • Justyna Szrajda Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Ergonomics and Postgraduate Training, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4698-520X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15225/PNN.2021.10.2.5

Keywords

chronic COVID, post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV2, post-COVID

Abstract


A large number of patients who have recovered from the acute phase of COVID 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the new “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2), have a host of long-term symptoms. Around 10% of suffer from long-term symptoms beyond three weeks, and a smaller proportion for months. Among them, more than half suffer from fatigue. In the above article fatigue in post-infections syndromes is described. In addition, selected hypothesis on pathophysiology of long Covid and current guidelines on approach in rehabilitation are discussed. Long Covid has a rich symptomatology with a chronic fatigue as one of many symptoms that patients might suffer from. Therefore, rehabilitation programme should be conducted in an interdisciplinary approach to aim to improve function of many body systems. Self-support should be advised, however, ideally patients should be supported throughout rehabilitation process. Further studies on natural course of long Covid and underlying pathological mechanism would be helpful in development of pharmacological and non-pharmacological long Covid treatments. If the symptomatology of long Covid patients would be as heterogenous as in Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) patients, then development of individual approach in rehabilitation might be necessary to obtain high efficacy and low adverse effects rate. (JNNN 2021;10(2):77–81)

References

Ortelli P., Ferrazzoli D., Sebastianelli L. et al. Neuropsychological and neurophysiological correlates of fatigue in post-acute patients with neurological manifestations of COVID-19: Insights into a challenging symptom. J Neurol Sci. 2021;420:117271.

Daynes E., Gerlis C., Chaplin E., Gardiner N., Singh S.J. Early experiences of rehabilitation for individuals post-COVID to improve fatigue, breathlessness exercise capacity and cognition — A cohort study. Chron Respir Dis. 2021;18:14799731211015691.

Kujawski S., Cossington J., Słomko J. et al. Prediction of Discontinuation of Structured Exercise Programme in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients. J Clin Med. 2020;9(11):3436.

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19 (NG188). Evidence review 5: interventions (published December 18, 2020).

Arnold D.T., Milne A., Samms E., Stadon L., Maskell N.A., Hamilton F.W. Are vaccines safe in patients with Long COVID? A prospective observational study (published March 14, 2021).

Vaes A.W., Goërtz Y.M.J., Van Herck M. et al. Recovery from COVID-19: a sprint or marathon? 6-month follow-up data from online long COVID-19 support group members. ERJ Open Res. 2021;7(2):00141–2021.

The Journal of Neurological and Neurosurgical Nursing

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Published

2021-06-28

How to Cite

1.
SZRAJDA, Justyna. Long Covid — Pathophysiology and Treatment. The Journal of Neurological and Neurosurgical Nursing. Online. 28 June 2021. Vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 77-81. [Accessed 4 July 2025]. DOI 10.15225/PNN.2021.10.2.5.
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Vol. 10 No. 2 (2021)

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Original

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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