Envy (φθόνος) in Pauline Epistles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/TiCz.2018.002Keywords
jealousy, envy, prison, ethic, evangelizationAbstract
In the Scriptures jealousy is the subject, that is very often discussed, starting with zeal of God, ending with jealousy of human being. One needs to be aware, that biblical texts mention two kinds of this feeling, expressed with terms: ζῆλος and φθόνος. While the first is an ambivalent concept – it may indeed express not only envy but also zeal – the second is deeply evil. Already the Book of Wisdom indicates the demonic character of φθόνος (Wis 2:24; 6:23). Paul of Tarsus does not mention φθόνος often – just four times (Rom 1:29; Gal 5:21.26; Phil 1:15). He locates this type of jealousy/envy in two catalogs of vices, in one of them he points out that envy may be the source of very serious sins, including murder (Rom 1:29). Referring implicitly to the events of our salvation, which were partly initiated by the human φθόνος (Mt 27:18; Mk 15:10), Paul believes that out of envy – even a thorough and fundamentally evil – goodness may arise, thanks to the power of Christ. He expresses this in Phil 1:15–18.
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