Legal and Moral Norms Concerning Marriage in the Writings of the Assyrian Bishop Mar Abdisho (†1318)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/TiCz.2024.007Keywords
Medieval Middle East, Assyrians, Mar Abdisho, betrothal, marriage, divorceAbstract
The article presents an analysis of the works of a medieval Assyrian scholar, Bishop Mar Abdisho bar Brikha, on legal and moral norms regarding marriage in the Assyrian Church. Mar Abdisho was the last of the great Assyrian writers to write in both Syriac and Arabic, so his work deserves special attention. The norms of marriage described by the bishop were approved by the synod of the Assyrian Church in the year of his death. Apart from a few modifications, they are still valid today under canon law. The author approaches the subject of marriage from a holistic perspective. After describing the meaning and importance of betrothal and engagement as well as the essence of marriage, he discusses their objectives, lists the obstacles to getting married, and elaborates on reasons that may lead to divorce. An interesting aspect of the research is noting that monogamy was a characteristic element of Assyrian culture as early as the middle of the third millennium BC.
References
Abdalla, Michael. „Małżeństwo i obyczaje weselne u Wschodnich Asyryjczyków w latach siedemdziesiątych naszego stulecia [XX w.].” Lud 73 (1989): 123–145.
Abdalla, Michael i Rucki, Mirosław. „Pisarze asyryjscy w wykazie metropolity Mar Abdiszo (XIII w.).” Teologia i Człowiek 51, no. 3 (2020): 199–221. DOI: doi.org/10.12775/TiCz.2020.046.
Abdalla, Michael. „Wierność i oddanie. Trzy wieki chrześcijańskiej rodziny Bachtiszo w służbie medycznej Abbasydów.” W W kręgu cywilizacji Połksiężyca, redakcja Barbara Michalak-Pikulska, 41–54. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 2002.
ʿAbdīšōʿ Bar-Berīkā. Pardaysā da‘dēn [Raj Edenu], edited by Gabriel Cardahi. Beriti: Typogr. Catholica, 1889.
Abūnā, Alber. Adab al-luġa al-ārāmiyya [Literatura języka aramejskiego], wydanie 2. Bayrūt: Dār al-Mashriq, 1996.
Al-Hamadani. Opowieści Łotrzykowskie. Przetłumaczył, opatrzył wstępem i przypisami Janusz Danecki. Wrocław: Ossolineum, 1983.
Apokryfy syryjskie, przekład Antoni Tronina, opracowanie Antoni Tronina, Marek Starowieyski, redakcja Marek Starowieyski. Kraków: Wydawnictwo WAM, 2011.
Assemani, Joseph S. Bibliotheca Orientalis, t. 3/1. 1719–1728. Reprint. Hildeshein–New York 1975.
Babilońska literatura mądrości. Wybór, przekład, komentarz Krystyna Łyczkowska. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Akademickie Dialog, 1998.
Badger, George Percy. The Nestorians and their Rituals. Vol. 2. London: Joseph Masters, 1862.
Bar-Daisan. Nōmūse d-aṯrāwōṯo [Prawa krajów], edited by Sabri Y. Isho. Södertälje (Szwecja): Assyrian Teachers Ass., 1989.
Baum, Wilhelm, and Winkler, Dietmar W. The Church of the East. A Concise History. London; New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.
Chabot, M. J-B., and Jean Baptiste. L՚Ecole de Nisibe, son histoire, ses statuts. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1896.
Conybeare, Frederic Cornwallis, Harris, James Rendel and Lewis, Agnes Smith, The story of Ahikar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1913.
Courtois, Sebastien de. The Forgotten Genocide of Eastern Christians. The Last Arameans. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2004.
De Kelaita J., The Paradise of Eden by Abdisho of Nisibis. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2009.
Focjusz. Biblioteka. T. 1–5. Przełożył, wstępem i komentarzem opatrzył Oktawiusz Jurewicz. Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy Pax, 1986–1999.
Grisham, Kevin E. “North Africa and the Middle East.” W Women and Violence: Global Lives in Focus, edited by Kathleen Nadeau and Sangita Rayamajhi, K. Nadeau, S. Rayamajhi, 101–130. Santa Barbara: ABC–CLIO, 2020.
Kodeks Hammurabiego. Przekład Marek Stępień. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Alfa, 1996.
Koran. Przełożył i komentarzem opatrzył Józef Bielawski. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1986.
Mai, Angelo. Domini Εbediesu, Μetropolitae Sobae et Armeniae, Liber Μargaritae de Veritate Christianae Religionis. Scriptorum Veterum Nova Collectio, vol. 10/4. Romae: Typ. Vaticanis, 1838. https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ssNAAAAAcAAJ/mode/2up.
Montgomery, James A. The History of Yaballaha III. New York: Columbia University Press, 1927.
Mor, Ignatius Aphrem I Barṣaum, Al-Luʼluʼ al-manṯūr fī tārīẖ al-ʻulūm wa-l-ādāb assuryāniyya [Rozsypane perły w historii nauki i literatury asyryjskich chrześcijan], wyd. 3 (Baġdād: Maṭbaʿat aš-Šaʿb, 1976). Niemieckie wydanie, Geschichte der syrischen Wissenschaften und Literatur, Aus dem Arab. übers. von Georg Toro und Amill Gorgis (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2012).
Nicolas, Leila. Minority rights In Arab Levant: Between extremism and the envisioned future regional system. Paper presented at ISA conference “Human Rights in an Age of Ambiguity”, Fordham University, NY, 13–15 June 2016. http://web.isanet.org/Web/Conferences/HR2016-NYC/Archive/39f7d67a-979f-4d2c-a428-df806e57e5b0.pdf.
Ortiz de Urbina, Ignacio. „‘Abdiso‘ Bar Berika seu Ebedjesu Ṣibensis.” W Patrologia Syriaca, 219. Romae: Pont. Institutum Orientalium Studiorum, 1965.
Perczel, Istvan. The Nomocanon of Metropolitan Abdisho of Nisibis. A Fascimile Edition of MS 64 from the Collection of the Church of the East in Thrissur. Syriac Manuscripts from Malabar, t. 1, Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2005.
Pigulewska, Nina Wiktorowna. Kultura syryjska we wczesnym średniowieczu. Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy Pax, 1989.
Potoczny, Mateusz. “Marriage in the Assyrian Church of the East. Systematic Study with References to the Other Traditions of Christian Orient.” Roczniki Teologiczne 67, nr 8 (2020): 59–74.
Scher, Addai. Madrasat Nisibin asz-szahira. Bejrut: al-Maṭbaʿah al-Kāthūlīkīyah lil-Ābāʼ al-Yasūʿȳ īn, 1905.
Seibert, Ilse. Kobieta starożytnego Wschodu. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Artystyczne i Filmowe, 1975.
Starowieyski, Marek. Słownik wczesnochrześcijańskiego piśmiennictwa Wschodu. Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy PAX, 1999.
Suchar, Z. „Próbne wesele.” Perspektywy 19, nr 48 (943) (1987): 8–9.
The Liturgical Homilies of Narsai, translated into English by R. Hugh Connolly. Cambridge University Press, 1909.
Woźniak-Bobińska, Marta. “Big fat Assyrian/Syriac weddings: rituals and marriage traditions among Middle Eastern Christians in Sweden.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 44, no. 16 (2018): 2684–2700.
Yildiz, Efrem. “The Teaching Method and Activities at the Ancient Universities at Edessa and Nisibin.” Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies 25, no. 1–2 (2011): 143–159.
Strony internetowe
Kureethara, Joseph Varghese. “Fasting in the Syro Malabar Church.” SSRS. Written 20.12.2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3507574.
„Nestorianism.” Encyclopadia Britannica. Dostęp 01.03.2023. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nestorianism.
OASIS. „Syriac Christianity at the Crossroads of Cultures.” Dostęp 01.03.2023. https://www.oasiscenter.eu/en/conference-syriac-christianity-pio-rome.
„Sacraments.” Assyrian Church of the East, Archdiocese of Australia, New Zealand & Lebanon. Dostęp 01.03.2023. https://www.assyrianchurch.org.au/about-us/the-sacraments/.
Sevinç, Kerem. „The Nestorians an ancient people, we turned their churches into stables.” Armenian, Assyrian and Hellenic Genocide News. Posted 17.06.2012. https://www.atour.com/~aahgn/news/20120617a.html
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Michael Abdalla
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
CC BY ND 4.0. The Creator/Contributor is the Licensor, who grants the Licensee a non-exclusive license to use the Work on the fields indicated in the License Agreement.
- The Licensor grants the Licensee a non-exclusive license to use the Work/related rights item specified in § 1 within the following fields: a) recording of Work/related rights item; b) reproduction (multiplication) of Work/related rights item in print and digital technology (e-book, audiobook); c) placing the copies of the multiplied Work/related rights item on the market; d) entering the Work/related rights item to computer memory; e) distribution of the work in electronic version in the open access form on the basis of Creative Commons license (CC BY-ND 3.0) via the digital platform of the Nicolaus Copernicus University Press and file repository of the Nicolaus Copernicus University.
- Usage of the recorded Work by the Licensee within the above fields is not restricted by time, numbers or territory.
- The Licensor grants the license for the Work/related rights item to the Licensee free of charge and for an unspecified period of time.
FULL TEXT License Agreement
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 25
Number of citations: 0