The Theory of Evolution in the Writings of Joseph Ratzinger
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/SetF.2020.024Słowa kluczowe
Joseph Ratzinger, theory of evolution, faith in creationAbstrakt
In this article I analyse the texts in which Joseph Ratzinger deals with the topic of evolution, particularly in the context of the compatibility between faith in creation and acceptance of the theory of evolution. I have grouped his writings into three periods that reflect the changes in his ideas on this topic. His early writings, until 1979, contain the most elaborate and deepest theological insights, with a defence of the compatibility between faith in creation and the theory of evolution when each one is kept within the boundaries of its own explanatory framework. There is a clear change of attitude at the beginning of the 1980s, when he becomes aware of the attempts by some atheist scientists to portray evolution as a “first philosophy”. This triggers a critical response against some technical aspects of the theory of evolution, a position that was reinforced by his contacts with anti-evolution German intellectuals during this period. The conflict reached its climax in the 1999 lecture at the Sorbonne University and the 2006 meeting of the Schulerkreis in Castel Gandolfo. After 2006 his references to this topic were few, and he seemed to return to the original ideas expressed in his early writings, stressing the intrinsic rationality and inner logic of the cosmos.
Bibliografia
Allen, J.L. 2006a. Benedict's thinking on creation and evolution. [https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/all-things-catholic/benedicts-thinking-creation-and-evolution]. Last accessed 24th February 2020.
Allen, J.L. 2006b. Interview with Dominque Tassot. [https://www.natcath.org/mainpage/specialdocuments/tassot_interview.pdf]. Last accessed 24th February 2020.
Arber, W., Cabibbo, N. Sánchez Sorondo, M. (eds.) 2009. Scientific Insights into the Evolution of the Universe and of Life. Vatican Scity: Pontificia Academia Scientiarum.
Benedict XVI. 2005. General Audience. Rome: Libreria Editrice Vaticana. [http://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/audiences/2005/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20051109.html]
Benedict XVI. 2006. Faith, Reason and the University. Memories and Reflections. Rome: Libreria Editrice Vaticana. [http://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/speeches/2006/september/documents/hf_ben-xvi_spe_20060912_university-regensburg.html]
Benedict XVI. 2013. General Audience. Rome: Libreria Editrice Vaticana. [http://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/audiences/2013/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20130206.html]
Conway-Morris, S. 1998. The Crucible of Creation: The Burgess Shale and the Rise of Animals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Conway-Morris, S. 2003. Life’s Solution: Inevitable Humans in a Lonely Universe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Creation and Evolution: a Conference with Pope Benedict XVI in Castel Gandolfo. 2008. San Francisco: Ignatius Press.
Endler, J. A., McLellan, T. 1988. “The Processes of Evolution: Toward a Newer Synthesis”. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 19:395-421.
Gilbert, S.F., Opitz, G., Raff, R. 1996. "Resynthesizing Evolutionary and Developmental Biology". Developmental Biology 173:357–372.
Gould, S.J. and Lewontin, R.C. 1979. “The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme”. Proceedings of the Royal Society London, Series B, Biological Sciences 205:581–598.
Gould, S.J. 1980. “Is a new and general theory of evolution emerging?” Paleobiology 6:119-130.
Gould, S. J. 1982. "Darwinism and the Expansion of Evolutionary Theory". Science 216:380–387.
Gould, S. J. 1990. Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History. London: Hutchinson Radius.
Hooper, J. 2006. Pope prepares to embrace theory of intelligent design. [https://www.theguardian.com/science/2006/aug/28/religion.pope]. Last accessed 28th February 2020.
Jacob, F. 1977. “Evolution and Tinkering”. Science 196:1161-1166.
Lande, R. 1980. “Microevolution in relation to macroevolution”. Paleobiology 6:235-238.
Maynard Smith, J. (ed.) 1982. Evolution now: a century after Darwin. London: MacMillan Press Ltd.
Maynard Smith, J., Burian, R., Kauffman, S. et al. 1985. "Developmental Constraints and Evolution: A Perspective from the Mountain Lake Conference on Development and Evolution". The Quarterly Review of Biology 60:265–287.
Maynard-Smith, J. and Szathmáry, E. 1995. “The major evolutionary transitions”. Nature 374:227–232.
Maynard-Smith, J. and Szathmáry, E. 1997. The Major Transitions in Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Müller, G. B. 2007. "Evo-devo: Extending the evolutionary synthesis". Nature Reviews Genetics 8: 943–949
Novo, J. 2016. “Breaking Mariano Artigas’ Frontiers of Evolutionism”. Scientia et Fides 4:97-114.
Parnell, D. R. 1978. “Heralding a New Synthesis Modes of Speciation by M. J. D. White”. Systematic Botany. 3: 126.
Ratzinger, J. 1969. Schöpfungsglaube und Evolutionstheorie. In Schultz, H. J. Wer ist das eigentlich - Gott? München: Kösel-Verlag KG.
Ratzinger, J. 1980. Konsequenzen des Schöpfungsglaubens. Gastvorlesung bei der Thomasfeier der Katholisch-Theologischen Fakultät der Universität Salzburg am 14. März 1979. Salzburger Universitätsreden. Salzburg: Pustet.
Ratzinger, J. 1986a. Im anfang schuf Gott. München: Eric Wewel Verlag.
Ratzinger, J. 1986b. Geleitwort. In Evolutionismus und Christentum / herausgegeben von Robert Spaemann, Reinhard Löw, Peter Koslowski. Weinheim: Acta Humaniora.
Ratzinger, J. 1995. In the beginning…: a Catholic understanding of the story of Creation and the Fall. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.
Ratzinger, J. 2000. Einführung in das Christentum. München: Kösel-Verlag.
Ratzinger, J. 2002. God and the World: A Conversation with Peter Seewald. San Francisco: Ignatius Press.
Ratzinger, J. 2004. Introduction to Christianity. San Francisco: Ignatius Press.
Ratzinger, J. 2004b. Truth and tolerance: Christian belief and world. San Francisco: Ignatius Press.
Ratzinger, J. 2011. Belief in Creation and the Theory of Evolution. In Dogma and Preaching (2nd edition). San Francisco: Ignatius Press.
Sanz, S. 2014. “Joseph Ratzinger y la doctrina de la creación: los apuntes de Münster de 1964 (y III). Algunos temas debatidos.” Revista Española de Teología 74;453-496.
Schönborn, C. 2005. Finding Design in Nature. [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/07/opinion/finding-design-in-nature.html] Last accessed 28th February 2020.
Stanley, S.M. 1979. Macroevolution: Pattern and Process. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Co.
Pobrania
Opublikowane
Jak cytować
Numer
Dział
Licencja
Prawa autorskie (c) 2020 Scientia et Fides
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nd/4.0/88x31.png)
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
CC BY ND 4.0. Posiadaczem prawa autorskiego (Licencjodawcą) jest Autor, który na mocy umowy licencyjnej udziela nieodpłatnie prawa do eksploatacji dzieła na polach wskazanych w umowie.
- Licencjodawca udziela Licencjobiorcy licencji niewyłącznej na korzystanie z Utworu/przedmiotu prawa pokrewnego w następujących polach eksploatacji: a) utrwalanie Utworu/przedmiotu prawa pokrewnego; b) reprodukowanie (zwielokrotnienie) Utworu/przedmiotu prawa pokrewnego drukiem i techniką cyfrową (e-book, audiobook); c) wprowadzania do obrotu egzemplarzy zwielokrotnionego Utworu/przedmiotu prawa pokrewnego; d) wprowadzenie Utworu/przedmiotu prawa pokrewnego do pamięci komputera; e) rozpowszechnianie utworu w wersji elektronicznej w formule open access na licencji Creative Commons (CC BY-ND 3.0) poprzez platformę cyfrową Wydawnictwa Naukowego UMK oraz repozytorium UMK.
- Korzystanie przez Licencjobiorcę z utrwalonego Utworu ww. polach nie jest ograniczone czasowo ilościowo i terytorialnie.
- Licencjodawca udziela Licencjobiorcy licencji do Utworu/przedmiotu prawa pokrewnego nieodpłatnie na czas nieokreślony
PEŁEN TEKST UMOWY LICENCYJNEJ >>
Statystyki
Liczba wyświetleń i pobrań: 1403
Liczba cytowań: 1