Emergence and Downward Causation Reconsidered in Terms of the Aristotelian-Thomistic View of Causation and Divine Action
Słowa kluczowe
Emergence, downward causation, hylomorphism, teleology, Aristotle, AquinasAbstrakt
One of the main challenges of the nonreductionist approach to complex structures and phenomena in philosophy of biology is its defense of the plausibility of the theory of emergence and downward causation. The tension between remaining faithful to the rules of physicalism and physical causal closure, while defending the novelty and distinctiveness of emergents from their basal constituents, makes the argumentation of many proponents of emergentism lacking in coherency and precision. In this article I aim at answering the suggestion of several thinkers to redefine emergence and downward causation in terms of the broader Aristotelian view of causation. In addition, I further develop this interdisciplinary conversation to include theological implications of emergentism, analyzed in reference to Aquinas’ understanding of divine action in terms of the same fourfold division of causes—bringing thus natural science, philosophy, and theology into creative and fruitful dialogue.
Bibliografia
Alexander, Samuel. 1920. Space, Time, and Deity. Gifford Lectures 1916-18. London: Macmillan.
Aquinas, Thomas. 1926. In Metaphysicam Aristotelis Commentaria. Turin and Rome: Marietti. [English translation: Commentary on The Metaphysics of Aristotle. 2 Vols. Translated by John Rowan. Chicago: Regnery Press, 1961.]
Aquinas, Thomas. 1929. Scriptum Super Libros Sententiarum Magistri Petri Lombardi Episcopi Parisiensis. Edited by P. Mandonnet. Paris: P. Lethielleux.
Aquinas, Thomas. 1961. Summa Contra Gentiles. Turin and Rome: Marietti. [English translation: On the Truth of the Catholic Faith: Summa Contra Gentiles. 4 Vols. Translated by Anton C. Pegis et al. Garden City, New York: Image Books, 1955–1957.]
Aquinas, Thomas. 1962. Summa theologiae. Rome: Editiones Paulinae. [English translation: Summa Theologica. 3 Vols. Translated by the Fathers of the English Dominican Province. New York: Benzinger Bros., 1946.]
Aquinas, Thomas. 1965. In Octo Libros Physicorum Aristotelis Expositio. Turin and Rome: Marietti. [English translation: Commentary on Aristotle’s Physics. Translated by Richard J. Blackwell, Richard J. Spath, and W. Edmund Thirlkel. Notre Dame, Indiana: Dumb Ox Books, 1999.]
Aquinas, Thomas. 1965. Questiones Disputatae de Potentia Dei. Turin and Rome: Marietti. [English translation: On the Power of God. Translated by English Dominican Fathers. Westminster, Maryland: Newman Press, 1952.]
Aquinas, Thomas. 1968. Questio Disputata de Anima. Edited by J. Robb. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies. [English translation: Questions on the Soul. Translated by James H. Robb. Milwaukee, Wis.: Marquette University Press, 1984.]
Aquinas, Thomas. 1976. De Principiis Naturae. Vol. 43 of Opera Omnia. Rome: Typographia polyglotta. [English translation: The Principles of Nature. In Selected Writings of St. Thomas Aquinas. Translated by Robert P. Goodwin. New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1965, 7–28.]
Aquinas, Thomas. 1984. In Aristotelis Librum De Anima Commentarium. Vol. 45/1 of Opera Omnia. Rome: Typographia polyglotta. [English translation: Commentary on Aristotle’s De Anima in the Version of William of Moerbeke and the Commentary of St. Thomas Aquinas. Translated by Kenelm Foster and Silvester Humphries. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1951.]
Aristotle. 2001. De Anima (On the Soul). In The Basic Works of Aristotle, edited by Richard McKeon, translated by J. A. Smith, 533–603. The Modern Library Classics. New York: Modern Library.
Aristotle. 2001. De Generatione et Corruptione (On Generation and Corruption). In The Basic Works of Aristotle, edited by Richard McKeon, translated by Harold H. Joachim, 465–531. The Modern Library Classics. New York: Modern Library.
Aristotle. 2001. De Partibus Animalium (On the Parts of Animals). In The Basic Works of Aristotle, edited by Richard McKeon, translated by William Ogle, 641–61. The Modern Library Classics. New York: Modern Library.
Aristotle. 2001. Metaphysica (Metaphysics). In The Basic Works of Aristotle, edited by Richard McKeon, translated by W. D. Ross, 681–926. The Modern Library Classics. New York: Modern Library.
Aristotle. 2001. Physica (Physics). In The Basic Works of Aristotle, edited by Richard McKeon, translated by R. K. Gaye, 213–394. The Modern Library Classics. New York: Modern Library.
Barnes, Corey L. 2014. “Natural Final Causality and Providence in Aquinas.” New Blackfriars 95: 349–61.
Broad, Charlie Dunbar. 1925. The Mind and Its Place in Nature. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Cooper, John W. 2006. Panentheism—The Other God of the Philosophers: From Plato to the Present. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Academic.
Deacon, Terrence W. 2012. Incomplete Nature: How Mind Emerged from Matter. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Deacon, Terrence W., and Spyridon Koutroufinis. 2014. “Complexity, and Dynamical Depth.” Information 5: 404–23.
Dodds, Michael J. 2012. Unlocking Divine Action: Contemporary Science and Thomas Aquinas. Washington D.C.: Catholic University of America Press.
Doolan, Gregory T. 2004. “The Causality of the Divine Ideas in Relation to Natural Agents in Thomas Aquinas.” International Philosophical Quarterly 44: 393–409.
Doolan, Gregory T. 2008. Aquinas on the Divine Ideas as Exemplar Causes. Washington D.C.: CUA Press.
Elders, Leo. 1993. The Metaphysics of Being of St. Thomas Aquinas: In a Historical Perspective. New York: Brill.
Emmeche, Claus, Simo Køppe, and Frederic Stjernfelt. 2000. “Levels, Emergence, and Three Versions of Downward Causation.” In Downward Causation. Mind, Bodies and Matter, edited by Peter Bøgh Andersen, Claus Emmeche, Niels O. Finnemann, and Peder Voetmann Christiansen, 13–34. Aarhus, Oxford: Aarhus University Press.
Gilson, Etienne. 1940. The Spirit of Mediaeval Philosophy. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
Gilson, Etienne. 1956. The Christian Philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas. New York: Random House.
Gilson, Etienne. 1963. The Elements of Christian Philosophy. New York: Mentor-Omega Book.
Gilson, Etienne. 2002. Thomism: The Philosophy of Thomas Aquinas. Toronto/Ontario: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies.
Kim, Jaegwon. 1999. “Making Sense of Emergence.” Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition 95: 3–36.
Loux, Michael J. 2006. Metaphysics: A Contemporary Introduction. New York and London: Routledge.
Miller, Fred D. Jr. 1995. “Aristotelian Natural Form and Theology – Reconsidered.” Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association 69: 69–79.
Moreno, Alvaro, and Jon Umerez. 2000. “Downward Causation at the Core of Living Organization.” In Downward Causation. Mind, Bodies and Matter, edited by Peter Bøgh Andersen, Claus Emmeche, Niels O. Finnemann, and Peder Voetmann Christiansen, 99–116. Aarhus, Oxford: Aarhus University Press.
O’Rourke, Fran. 2004. “Aristotle and the Metaphysics of Evolution.” The Review of Metaphysics 58: 3–59.
Scott, Alwyn C. 2007. The Nonlinear Universe: Chaos, Emergence, Life. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer.
Silberstein, Michael. 2006. “In Defence of Ontological Emergence and Mental Causation.” In The Re-Emergence of Emergence: The Emergentist Hypothesis from Science to Religion, edited by Philip Clayton and P. C. W. Davies, 203–26. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press.
Stephan, Achim. 1992. “Emergence—A Systematic View on Its Historical Facets.” In Emergence or Reduction? Essays on the Prospects of Nonreductive Physicalism, edited by Ansgar Beckermann, Hans Flohr, and Jaegwon Kim, 25–48.
Tabaczek, Mariusz. 2013. “The Metaphysics of Downward Causation: Rediscovering the Formal Cause.” Zygon 48: 380–404.
Velde, Rudi A. Te. 1995. Participation and Substantiality in Thomas Aquinas. Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill.
Velde, Rudi A. Te. 2006. Aquinas on God: The “Divine Science” of the Summa Theologiae. Aldershot, Hants, U.K.: Ashgate.
Wallace, William A. 1997. “Is Finality Included in Aristotle’s Definition of Nature?” In Final Causality in Nature and Human Affairs, edited by Richard F. Hassing, 52–70. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press.
Wippel, John F. 2000. The Metaphysical Thought of Thomas Aquinas: From Finite Being to Uncreated Being. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press.
Wippel, John F. 2000. “Thomas Aquinas on Creatures as Causes of Esse.” International Philosophical Quarterly 40: 197–213.
Wippel, John F. 2007. Metaphysical Themes in Thomas Aquinas II. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press.
Pobrania
Opublikowane
Jak cytować
Numer
Dział
Licencja
CC BY ND 4.0. Posiadaczem prawa autorskiego (Licencjodawcą) jest Autor, który na mocy umowy licencyjnej udziela nieodpłatnie prawa do eksploatacji dzieła na polach wskazanych w umowie.
- Licencjodawca udziela Licencjobiorcy licencji niewyłącznej na korzystanie z Utworu/przedmiotu prawa pokrewnego w następujących polach eksploatacji: a) utrwalanie Utworu/przedmiotu prawa pokrewnego; b) reprodukowanie (zwielokrotnienie) Utworu/przedmiotu prawa pokrewnego drukiem i techniką cyfrową (e-book, audiobook); c) wprowadzania do obrotu egzemplarzy zwielokrotnionego Utworu/przedmiotu prawa pokrewnego; d) wprowadzenie Utworu/przedmiotu prawa pokrewnego do pamięci komputera; e) rozpowszechnianie utworu w wersji elektronicznej w formule open access na licencji Creative Commons (CC BY-ND 3.0) poprzez platformę cyfrową Wydawnictwa Naukowego UMK oraz repozytorium UMK.
- Korzystanie przez Licencjobiorcę z utrwalonego Utworu ww. polach nie jest ograniczone czasowo ilościowo i terytorialnie.
- Licencjodawca udziela Licencjobiorcy licencji do Utworu/przedmiotu prawa pokrewnego nieodpłatnie na czas nieokreślony
PEŁEN TEKST UMOWY LICENCYJNEJ >>
Statystyki
Liczba wyświetleń i pobrań: 889
Liczba cytowań: 6
