Embarras de choix – proper names as an eternal problem in translation teaching Between the norm and the usage (on the example of Polish and Russian texts)

Abstract

The paper focuses on proper names and, more specifically, personal names, toponyms and microtoponyms with a high degree of cultural embeddedness. The author draws on the classification of translation rules and methods (techniques) developed by Ermolovich, with a special focus on difficult cases of transfer where transliteration and transcription are employed. Two directions of translation are discussed: Polish into Russian and Russian into Polish. The paper analyses discrepancies between linguistic norms and usage, where problems originate from the existence of recognised equivalents, arbitrariness of transcription and globalisation (widespread use of the Internet). In the face of these challenges, consistency in a translation project is difficult to retain. The author proposes a set of practical exercises that can be used during translation classes (drawing on the analysis of original texts) in order to make beginner translation students aware of the existing problems and potential solutions. Examples of Polish realia in Russian texts and Russian realia in Polish texts are presented.