Armenia - obieg zamknięty? Anthropological polemic with selected aspects of Maciej Falkowski’s book.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/lud106.2022.13Keywords
Armenia, Turkey, feminism, Armenian Apostolic Church, generalisation, essentialisation, nationalismAbstract
In his recent book Armenia. Obieg Zamknięty, Maciej Falkowski attempts to take a critical look at Armenian culture, presenting it in a relatively simplified way. Hence, our need to engage in the polemic with the author and present an alternative interpretation of selected issues related to Armenian culture and history, based on our anthropological practice and available scholarship. We focus on three selected issues: Armenian nationalism, Armenian attitude to religion and problems related to womens’ role in the society. We attempt to show that these issues are much more complex than presented by Falkowski and try to present them in a more complementary wat, considering broader socio-economic and cultural factors.
Key words: Armenia, Turkey, feminism, Armenian Apostolic Church, generalisation, essentialisation, nationalism
References
Aadrians, R. (2018). Time and Image of the Armenian World. An Ethnography of Non-Recognition. (praca doktorska). Budapest: Central European University. Pozyskano z: www.etd.ceu.edu/aadrianshenrik.pdf (dostęp: 03.02.2022).
Ardener, S. (2005). Muted group theory excerpts. Women and Language, 22, 50–54.
Avakian, A. (1998). Validated and Erased. A Feminist Views 'Back to Ararat'. Armenian Forum: A Journal of Contemporary Affairs, 1(1), 58–70.
Beukian, S. (2014). Motherhood as Armenianess: Expressions of Femininity in the Making of Armenian National Identity. Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism, 14(2), 247–269.
Bloch, N. (2013). Między terenem a tekstem, czyli o siedmiu grzechach głównych w tworzeniu narracji o światach innych ludzi. W: N. Bloch, A.W. Brzezińska (red.), Sztutowo/Stutthof. Gdzieś pomiędzy plażą a obozem. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo SCHOLAR (s. 9–28).
Brubaker, R. (2005). ‘Diaspora’ diaspora. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 28(1), 1–19.
Butler, E. (2020). The Syrian Mercenaries Used as 'Cannon Fodder' in Nagorno-Karabakh. BBC. Pozyskano z: www.bbc.com/news/stories-55238803 (dostęp: 27.02.2022).
Charratian, H. (2014). Rodzinne opowieści, narodowa tragedia: historia pamięci o ludobójstwie Ormian. W: L. Abrahamian, K. Siekierski (red.), Armenia. Kultura współczesna w ujęciu antropologicznym. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo DiG (s. 81–94).
Chernobrov, D., Wilmers, L. (2019). Diaspora Identity and a New Generation: Armenia Diaspora Youth on the Genocide and the Karabakh War. Nationalities Papers, 48(5), 915–930.
Dahinden, J. (2010). The Dynamics of Migrants' Transnational Formations. W: T. Faist, R. Bauböck (red.), Diaspora and Transnationalism. Concepts, Theories and Methods (s. 51–71). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Evans, J., Boranovski, Ch. (2018). How do European Countries Differ in Religious Commitment. Pew Research Center. Pozyskano z: www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/12/05/how-do-european-countries- differ-in-religious- commitment/ (dostęp: 27.02.2022).
Falkowski, M. (2022). Armenia. Obieg Zamknięty. Wołowiec: Czarne.
Gamaghelyan, P. (2022). Perspectives. In Armenia-Turkey Normalisation, Where is Civil Society? Eurasianet. Pozyskano z: www.eurasianet.org/perspectives-in-armenia-turkey-normalization-where-is-civil-society?fbclid=IwAR3oSP8jw_XC717nPQSYP-ZNP-S75fWo32BKBirsEbLoN5pmBoOmDtsCyrI (dostęp: 05.11.2022)
Ghazaryan, S. (2020). ‘We Are Strangers Among Our Own People’: Displaced Armenian Women, W: U. Ziemer (red.), Women’s Everyday Lives in War and Peace in the South Caucasus. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (s. 129–153).
Guroian, V. (1994). Religion and Armenian National Identity: Nationalism Old and New. Occasional Papers on Religions in Eastern Europe, 14(2), 2–8.
Halbwachs, M. (1992). On Collective Memory. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Hirsch, M. (2012). The Generation of Postmemory. Writing and Visual Culture After the Holocaust. New York: Columbia University Press.
Hoffman, T. (2011). One Nation – Three Sub-Ethnic Groups. The Case of Armenia in Her Diaspora. Yerevan: Institute of Sociology and Law of the National Academy of Sociology.
Kasbarian, S. (2018). Political Engagement. Genocide Recognition and the Development of Armenia and Artsakh are Unifying Goals. W: H. Tchilingrian (red.), Armenian Diaspora Survey 2018. Pozyskano z: www.armeniandiasporasurvey.com/2018 (dostęp: 02.03.2021).
Król-Mazur, R. (2017). Ormiański Kościół Apostolski i jego relacje z władzami politycznymi i społeczeństwem obywatelskim. W: S. Dudra, R. Michalak, Ł. Młyńczyk (red.), Polityczne uwarunkowania religii – religijne uwarunkowania polityki. Zielona Góra. Wydawnictwo Morpho (s. 217–228).
Lomsadze, G. (2018). Nowruz Brings Iranian Tourists to Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, Eurasianet, Pozyskano z: www.eurasianet.org/nowruz-brings-iranian-tourists-to-armenia-azerbaijan-and-georgia (dostęp: 10.07.2022).
Nieczuja-Ostrowski, P., Raczyński, R. (2020). Modern Diasporas from a Political Science Perspective: The Case of Armenian Diaspora. W: P. Nieczuja-Ostrowski, W. Bejda (red.), Armenian Diaspora in the Modern World. Factors and Changes. Gdańsk: Research Institute for European Policy (s. 11–34).
Ormianan, M. (2011). The Church of Armenia: Her History, Doctrine, Rule, Discipline, Liturgy, Literature, and Existing Condition. Yerevan: Ankyunacar Publishing.
Pałubicka, A. (2013). Gramatyka kultury europejskiej. Bydgoszcz: Oficyna Wydawnicza Epigram.
Panossian, R. (2006a). The Armenians. From Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars. London, Hurts & Company.
Panossian, R. (2006b). Post-Soviet Armenia. Nationalism and Its (Dis)contents. W: L.W. Barrington (red.), After Independence. Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial and Postcommunist States. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press (s. 225–247).
Poghosyan, A. (2011). Red Apple Tradition: Contemporary Interpretations and Observance. Acta Ethnographica Hungarica, 56(2), 377–384.
Pomieciński, A. (2017). Od pamięci stłamszonej do pamięci odzyskanej: Pomnik i Muzeum Ludobójstwa Ormian w Erywaniu. Our Europe - Ethnography - Ethnology - Anthropology of Culture, 16, 7–14.
Safrastyan, R. (2011). Ottoman Empire: The Genesis of the Program of Genocide (1876-1920). Yerevan: Zangak.
Sanz, A. (2021). Council of Europe Confirms Turkey’s Use of Mercenaries in Nagorno-Karabakh War. Atalayar. Pozyskano z: www.atalayar.com/en/content/council-europe-confirms-turkeys-use-mercenaries- nagorno-Karabakh-war (dostęp: 27.02.22).
Synovitz, R. (2020). Technology, Tactics, And Turkish Advice Lead Azerbaijan To Victory In Nagorno-Karabakh. Radio Free Liberty. Pozyskano z: www.rferl.org/a/technology-tactics-and-turkish- advice-lead-azerbaijan-to-victory-in-nagorno-karabakh/30949158.html (dostęp: 27.02.2022).
Tölölyan, K., Papazian, T. (2014). Armenian Diasporas and Armenia: Issues of Identity and Mobilisation. An interview with Khachig Tölölyan. Ètudes Armeniens contemporaines Vol. 3, Pozyskano z: www.journals.openedition.org/eac/565 (dostęp: 28.09 2022).
Wolny-Zmorzyński, K. (2004). Ryszard Kapuściński w labiryncie współczesności. Próba interpretacji. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.
Źródła internetowe
Armenian Statistical Yearbook (2021). www.armstat.am/file/doc/99526823.pdf (dostęp: 04.04.2022).
Human Rights Watch (2020). “Azerbaijan: Armenian Prisoners of War Badly Mistreated”, www.hrw.org/news/2020/12/02/azerbaijan-armenian-prisoners-war-badly-mistreated (dostęp: 27.02.2022).
OEC. Import/Export (2022). www.oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-country/tur/partner/geo (dostęp: 03.03.2022).
Panorama. Divorce Rate in Armenia (2022). www.panorama.am/en/news/2022/04/09/divorce-rate-Armenia/2664847 (dostęp: 13.05.2022).
World Bank. Poverty headcount ratio an national poverty lines (2020). www.data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.NAHC (dostęp: 03.10.2022).
World Bank. Labor force participation rate, female (2019). www.data.worldbank.org/indicator/ SL.TLF.ACTI.FE.ZS (dostęp: 03.03.2022).
Worldpopulationreview (2022). www.worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/divorce-rates-by-country (dostęp: 10.07.2022).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Ewelina Maria Ebertowska, Karolina Pawłowska
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
- The authors give the publisher (Polish Ethnological Society) non-exclusive license to use the work in the following fields:
- recording of a Work / subject of a related copyright;
- reproduction (multiplication) Work / subject of a related copyright in print and digital technique (ebook, audiobook);
- marketing of units of reproduced Work / subject of a related copyright;
- introduction of Work / object of related copyright to computer memory;
- dissemination of the work in an electronic version in the formula of open access under the Creative Commons license (CC BY - ND 3.0).
- The authors give the publisher the license free of charge.
- The use of the work by publisher in the above mentioned aspects is not limited in time, quantitatively nor territorially.
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 1304
Number of citations: 0
