Current Perspectives on Psoriasis and Its Therapeutic Approaches: A Comprehensive Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2025.78.57702Keywords
psoriasis, psoriasis treatment, forms of psoriasis, biologic therapy, immune system dysregulationAbstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by an accelerated keratinocyte cell cycle, leading to the formation of scaly plaques. The pathogenesis of psoriasis involves complex interactions between immune system cells and keratinocytes, with a key role played by T lymphocytes. Genetic and environmental factors play a significant role in the development of the disease.
References
Michael P. Schön, M.D., and W.-Henning Boehncke, M.D. “Psoriasis“ From the Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, and the Department of Dermatology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg (M.P.S.); and the Department of Dermatology, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt (W.-H.B.) Published May 5, 2005 N Engl J Med 2005;352:1899-1912 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra041320 VOL. 352 NO. 18
https://www.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra041320
Chi CC, Wu YW, Chao TH, Chen CC, Chen YJ, Cheng HM, Chiu HY, Chiu YW, Chung WH, Hsieh TY, Huang PH, Huang YH, Lin SH, Lin TH, Ueng KC, Wang CC, Wang YC, Wu NL, Jia-Yin Hou C, Tsai TF. 2022 Taiwanese Dermatological Association (TDA), Taiwanese Association for Psoriasis and Skin Immunology (TAPSI), and Taiwan Society of cardiology (TSOC) joint consensus recommendations for the management of psoriatic disease with attention to cardiovascular comorbidities. J Formos Med Assoc. 2023 Jun;122(6):442-457. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.10.010. Epub 2022 Nov 5. PMID: 36347733.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2022.10.010
Badanie pilotażowe opinii pacjentów przeprowadzone online w grupie pacjentów z łuszczycą. N=180 Warszawa, grudzień 2016 Ewa Borek, Anna Sitek, Magdalena Kołodziej
https://luszczyca.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/raport-potrzeby-pacjentw-z-uszczyc-w-polsce.pdf
Wu J, Ma Y, Yang J, Tian Y. Exposure to air pollution, genetic susceptibility, and psoriasis risk in the uk. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(7):e2421665-e2421665. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.21665,
https://www.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.21665
Armstrong AW, Mehta MD, Schupp CW, Gondo GC, Bell SJ, Griffiths CEM. Psoriasis prevalence in adults in the United States. JAMA Dermatol. 2021;157(8):940–946. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.2007,
https://www.doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.2007
Balak DM, Hajdarbegovic E. Drug-induced psoriasis: clinical perspectives. Psoriasis (Auckl). 2017;7:87-94. doi:10.2147/PTT.S126727
https://www.doi.org/10.2147/PTT.S126727
Hymowitz SG, Filvaroff EH, Yin JP, Lee J, Cai L, Risser P, Maruoka M, Mao W, Foster J, Kelley RF, Pan G, Gurney AL, de Vos AM, Starovasnik MA. IL-17s adopt a cystine knot fold: structure and activity of a novel cytokine, IL-17F, and implications for receptor binding. EMBO J. 2001 Oct 1;20(19):5332-41. doi: 10.1093/emboj/20.19.5332. PMID: 11574464; PMCID: PMC125646.
https://www.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/20.19.5332
Psoriasis Vulgaris: An Evidence-Based Guide for Primary Care
Erine A. Kupetsky and Matthew Keller
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine November 2013, 26 (6) 787-801; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2013.06.130055
https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2013.06.130055
Genetics of Psoriasis and Pharmacogenetics of Biological Drugs
Rocío Prieto-Pérez, Teresa Cabaleiro, Esteban Daudén, Dolores Ochoa, Manuel Roman, Francisco Abad-Santos
https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/613086
M.-A. Richard, T. Barnetche, C. Horreau, E. Brenaut, C. Pouplard, S. Aractingi, F. Aubin, B. Cribier, P. Joly, D. Jullien, M. Le Maître, L. Misery, J.-P. Ortonne, C. Paul Psoriasis, cardiovascular events, cancer risk and alcohol use: evidence-based recommendations based on systematic review and expert opinion
https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.12162
Lionel Fry, Barbara S. Baker,
Triggering psoriasis: the role of infections and medications,Volume 25, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 606-615,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.08.015
Sima Jain Springer Science & Business Media, 29 mar 2012 - 369
ISBN 978-1-4419-0524-6 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-0525-3
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0525-3
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0525-3
Gisondi P, Bellinato F, Girolomoni G. Topographic Differential Diagnosis of Chronic Plaque Psoriasis: Challenges and Tricks. J Clin Med. 2020 Nov 8;9(11):3594. doi: 10.3390/jcm9113594. PMID: 33171581; PMCID: PMC7695211.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113594
Micali G, Verzì AE, Giuffrida G, Panebianco E, Musumeci ML, Lacarrubba F. Inverse Psoriasis: From Diagnosis to Current Treatment Options. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2019 Dec 31;12:953-959. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S189000. PMID: 32099435; PMCID: PMC6997231.
https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S189000
Xing X, Liang Y, Sarkar MK, Wolterink L, Swindell WR, Voorhees JJ, Harms PW, Kahlenberg JM, Johnston A, Gudjonsson JE. IL-17 Responses Are the Dominant Inflammatory Signal Linking Inverse, Erythrodermic, and Chronic Plaque Psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol. 2016 Dec;136(12):2498-2501. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.07.008. Epub 2016 Jul 21. PMID: 27448749; PMCID: PMC5123949.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2016.07.008
Louden BA, Pearce DJ, Lang W, Feldman SR. A Simplified Psoriasis Area Severity Index (SPASI) for rating psoriasis severity in clinic patients. Dermatol Online J. 2004 Oct 15;10(2):7. PMID: 15530297.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15530297/
Forum Dermatologicum 2016, tom 2, nr 1, 6–11 Copyright © 2015 Via Medica ISSN 2450–579X
https://journals.viamedica.pl/forum_dermatologicum/article/download/45315/33981
Vyas J, Johns JR, Ali FM, Ingram JR, Salek S, Finlay AY. A Systematic Review of 207 Studies Describing Validation Aspects of the Dermatology Life Quality Index. Acta Derm Venereol. 2024 Nov 7;104:adv41120. doi: 10.2340/actadv.v104.41120. PMID: 39508500; PMCID: PMC11559262.
https://doi.org/10.2340/actadv.v104.41120
Raychaudhuri SK, Maverakis E, Raychaudhuri SP. Diagnosis and classification of psoriasis. Autoimmun Rev. 2014 Apr-May;13(4-5):490-5. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.008. Epub 2014 Jan 13. PMID: 24434359.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.008
Johnson MA, Armstrong AW. Clinical and histologic diagnostic guidelines for psoriasis: a critical review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2013 Apr;44(2):166-72. doi: 10.1007/s12016-012-8305-3. PMID: 22278173.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-012-8305-3
Kunz M, Ibrahim SM. Cytokines and cytokine profiles in human autoimmune diseases and animal models of autoimmunity. Mediators Inflamm. 2009;2009:979258. doi: 10.1155/2009/979258. Epub 2009 Oct 26. PMID: 19884985; PMCID: PMC2768824.
https://www.doi.org/10.1155/2009/979258
Menter A, Korman NJ, Elmets CA, Feldman SR, Gelfand JM, Gordon KB, Gottlieb A, Koo JY, Lebwohl M, Lim HW, Van Voorhees AS, Beutner KR, Bhushan R; American Academy of Dermatology. Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Section 3. Guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis with topical therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009 Apr;60(4):643-59. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.12.032. Epub 2009 Feb 13. PMID: 19217694.
https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2008.12.032
van de Kerkhof PC. An update on topical therapies for mild-moderate psoriasis. Dermatol Clin. 2015 Jan;33(1):73-7. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2014.09.006. PMID: 25412784.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.det.2014.09.006
Menter A, Strober BE, Kaplan DH, et al. Joint AAD-NPF guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis with biologics. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;80(4):1029-1072
https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2018.11.057
Sbidian E, Chaimani A, Garcia-Doval I, et al. Systemic pharmacological treatments for chronic plaque psoriasis: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;1(1):CD011535.
https://www.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011535.pub5
Papp K, Reich K, Paul C, et al. Apremilast, an Oral Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) Inhibitor, in Patients with Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis: Results of a Phase III, Randomized, Controlled Trial (ESTEEM 1). J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;73(1):37-49.
https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2015.03.049
Kawalec P, Holko P, Moćko P, Pilc A. Comparative effectiveness of abatacept, apremilast, secukinumab and ustekinumab treatment of psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Rheumatol Int. 2018;38(2):189-201.
https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s00296-017-3919-7
Shalom G, Cohen AD, Ziv M, et al. Drug survival in patients with psoriasis is associated with the treatment itself rather than with patient characteristics: a retrospective cohort study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34(4):820-826.
https://www.doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16205
Chen X, Yang M, Cheng Y, Liu GJ, Zhang M. Narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy versus broad-band ultraviolet B or psoralen-ultraviolet A photochemotherapy for psoriasis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;10:CD009481.
https://www.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009481.pub2
Dogra S, De D. Narrowband ultraviolet B in the treatment of psoriasis: the journey so far! Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2010;76(6):652-661.
https://www.doi.org/10.4103/0378-6323.72461
Rácz E, Prens EP, Kurek D, et al. Effective treatment of psoriasis with narrow-band UVB phototherapy is linked to suppression of the IFN and Th17 pathways. J Invest Dermatol. 2011;131(7):1547-1558.
https://www.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2011.53
Research on small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in psoriasis models. Citation: Journal of Investigative Dermatology. DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.123
https://www.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2014.123
D.K. Mercer, T. Sairi, E. Sroka, H. Lamont, Y. Lawrie, D.A. O'Neil, Expression of innate immune defence genes in healthy and onychomycotic nail and stratum corneum, British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 177, Issue 1, 1 July 2017, Pages 279–281 https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.15063
Nagarajan P, Thappa DM. Effect of an Educational and Psychological Intervention on Knowledge and Quality of Life among Patients with Psoriasis. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2018 Jan-Feb;9(1):27-32. doi: 10.4103/idoj.IDOJ_111_17. PMID: 29441294; PMCID: PMC5803937.
https://doi.org/10.4103/idoj.IDOJ_111_17
Wolters M. Diet and psoriasis: experimental data and clinical evidence. Br J Dermatol. 2005 Oct;153(4):706-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06781.x. PMID: 16181450.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06781.x
Menter A, Korman NJ, Elmets CA, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: Section 3. Guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis with topical therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;60(4):643-659.
https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2008.12.032
Menter A, Strober BE, Kaplan DH, et al. Joint AAD-NPF guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis with biologics. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;80(4):1029-1072.
https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2018.11.057
Menter A, Strober BE, Kaplan DH, et al. Joint AAD-NPF guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis with topical therapy and alternative medicine modalities. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;82(6):1513-1536. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.02.044
https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.02.044
Elmets CA, Lim HW, Stoff B, et al. Joint American Academy of Dermatology–National Psoriasis Foundation guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis with phototherapy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;81(3):775-804. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2019.04.042
https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2019.04.042
Nast A, Amelunxen L, Augustin M, et al. S3 Guideline for the Treatment of Psoriasis Vulgaris, Update - Short Version Part 1 - Systemic Treatment. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2018;16(5):645-669. doi: 10.1111/ddg.13516
https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.13516
Smith CH, Jabbar-Lopez ZK, Yiu ZZN, et al. British Association of Dermatologists guidelines for biologic therapy for psoriasis 2020: a rapid update. Br J Dermatol. 2020;183(4):628-637. doi:10.1111/bjd.19039
https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.19039
S.K. Mahil, Z. Arkir, G. Richards, C.M. Lewis, J.N. Barker, C.H. Smith, Predicting treatment response in psoriasis using serum levels of adalimumab and etanercept: a single‐centre, cohort study, British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 169, Issue 2, 1 August 2013, Pages 306–313
https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12341
Bachelez H. Immunopathogenesis of psoriasis: recent insights on the role of adaptive and innate immunity. J Autoimmun. 2020;115:102517. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102517
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2005.09.025
Yan D, Issa N, Afifi L, Jeon C, Chang HW, Liao W. The role of the skin and gut microbiome in psoriatic disease. Curr Dermatol Rep. 2017;6(2):94-103. doi:10.1007/s13671-017-0183-6
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Daria Oleksy, Kamil Hermanowicz, Urszula Kaczmarska, Aleksandra Woźniak, Michał Jakub Cioch , Julia Nowak, Katarzyna Doman , Marcin Mycyk , Agnieszka Najdek, Dawid Komada
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The periodical offers access to content in the Open Access system under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 417
Number of citations: 0
