Journal of Education, Health and Sport
type: channel
description: Visual Article Details Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 is a Humanistic Journal with an international reach, published in line with top standards applicable in scientific journals. Each issue contains original and review papers, and case reports of different specialties associated with Multidisciplinary Education Sections: Physical Culture Sciences; Health Sciences; Medical Sciences; Pedagogy; Socio-Economic Geography and Spatial Management; Earth and Environmental Sciences; Cultural and Religious Sciences; Proceeding; Book of Abstracts, is a double anonymized scientific published by the University Center for Sports Research, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland. Manuscripts Preparation. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2025; eISSN2391-8306. In order to facilitate publication, the authors are kindly requested to submit texts written according to the rules presented below. Template How to prepare an Article for the Journal of Education, Health and Sport.docx How to prepare an Article for the Journal of Education, Health and Sport.pdf Journal of Education, Health and Sport is: a Humanistic Journal with a Global International Reach. Our mission is to offer the worldwide scientific community a broad, fast and direct access to publish the latest results of the research areas that are developing rapidly and where there are changes with a high potential impact. All Articles submitted for publication will be peer-reviewed within 2-30 weeks. All accepted articles will be published online before appearing in the print journal within 2-30 weeks from acceptance. The journal has had 40 points in Minister of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Science and Higher Education of 05.01.2024 No. 32318. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical culture sciences / Nauki o kulturze fizycznej; Health sciences / Nauki o zdrowiu. Note: in t…
publisher: Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
language: en-US
publication name: Journal of Education, Health and Sport
issn: 2391-8306
copyright: The periodical offers access to content in the Open Access system under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
items: Pain and Pathological Fractures as Primary Causes of Mobility Impairment in Multiple Myeloma
items: Therapeutic Plasmapheresis: Indications and Clinical Outcomes
items: Effects of Exercise on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Rheumatoid Arthritis
items: The Role of Physical Activity in the Prevention and Management of Various Cancers
items: Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Endocrine Dysfunction: A Case Report
items: Treatment of post-dural puncture headache: current strategies and literature review
items: Ankle Sprain: A Common but Often Overlooked Injury – A Review of Causes, Treatment, and Rehabilitation
items: Beyond artificial tears: a new era in dry eye disease management – a review article
items: The Effects of Strength Training on Gait Function in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review
items: Challenges in the Clinical Management of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD): An Updated Review
items: When the Kidney Looks Like Thyroid: Thyroidization of the Kidney as a Histological Pattern and Its Potential Clinical Correlation - A Scoping Review
items: Resistance training in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: current evidence, limitations, and future directions
items: Current strategies in the management of melasma: pathogenesis, risk factors and comprehensive treatment approaches
items: Why Health Knowledge Does Not Translate into Health Behavior: Educational and Psychological Perspectives
items: Vitamins D and E as radiotherapy adjuncts - literature review of preclinical and clinical evidence
items: Case study of a patient with cervical cancer on postoperative day 1 after total hysterectomy and pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy
items: Dextrose as an effective agent in the treatment of entrapment neuropathies by Hydrodissection
items: Nutritional Support in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): A Comprehensive Literature Review On Clinical Strategies and Patient Outcomes
items: When should you suspect if your patient is an Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid User? Evidence-Based literature review of usage patterns changes and clinical implications for medical practice (2005-2025)
items: Evidence-Based Treatment of ADHD: Pharmacotherapy and Psychosocial Interventions in Current Clinical Guidelines
items: Mechanical Chest Compression Devices - A Narrative Review
items: Non-pharmacological strategies in the management of arterial hypertension in the elderly: A review of dietary, probiotic, and physical activity interventions
items: Recent Developments in Hepatitis B Treatment - A Review
items: The influence of diet and oral supplementation on female infertility
items: Ankle Mortise Fractures as a Cause of Functional Impairment: Current Concepts in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation
items: The use of platelet-rich plasma in the healing of chronic and hard-to-heal wounds – a systematic review
items: Vitamin D, Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid) and Vitamin B12 Status in Bipolar Disorder: Associations with Symptom Severity and Course of Illness
items: The Management of chronic wounds: a current review for internal medicine physicians
items: The Safety and Outcomes of Keratopigmentation as a Cosmetic Eye Color Change Procedure
items: When Campylobacter jejuni affects the heart - myocarditis in male patients
items: The Role of Choline (B4) in Muscle and Heart Health and Its Function - A Narrative Review
items: Red Yeast Rice as a natural source of Monacolin K – the efficacy among patients with dyslipidemia. A literature review
items: Use of mobile applications in the self‑management of gestational diabetes mellitus: a narrative review
items: The Role of Gut Microbiota-Targeted Interventions in the Treatment of Depression
items: Subclinical Iron Deficiency in Athletes - Diagnostics, Consequences, and Management Strategies: A Narrative Review
items: Bone and joint infections: clinical forms, risk factors, prevention, etiology, diagnosis and treatment
items: Use of myo-inositol in treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism
items: https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/68334
items: Pregabalin as a Therapeutic Option for Neuropathic Pain in Oncology Patients: A Review of Literature
items: Shockwave therapy for coronary calcification: the evolving role of intravascular lithotripsy in coronary interventions
items: Large Language Models as Patient Education Tools in Hypothyroidism: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Dietary, Pharmacological, and Safety Recommendations
items: The Role of Physical Activity in the Prevention and Treatment of Depressive Disorders
items: Minimally Invasive Surgery: Principles, Clinical Outcomes and Impact on Postoperative Functional Recovery – A Literature Review
items: The Use of Rotational Atherectomy in the Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease – A Review of Efficacy, Safety, and Clinical Indications
items: Lactational Mastitis - Epidemiology, Etiopathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis and Management
items: VEXAS Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Mimickers and Differential Diagnosis at the Rheumatology–Haematology Interface
items: Impact of Creatine Supplementation on Muscle and Bone Strength in Older Adults: A Narrative Review
items: Exercise Addiction Among Youth As a Behavioral Addiction – a narrative review
items: Assessment of the relationship between the type of motivation to study and the sense of generalized self-efficacy among nursing students
items: Breastfeeding and postpartum depression mechanisms and care
items: Therapeutic Potential and Safety Profile of Withania somnifera in Health and Sports Science: A Comprehensive Narrative Review
items: Psychosomatic Disorders and the Physician-Patient Relationship - A Review
items: Postoperative neurological symptoms after anesthesia - diagnostic challenges, pathophysiology and a review of uncommon cases
items: How Does the Use of Dating Apps Relate to Physical Health Behaviors and Mental Health? A Narrative Review
items: Exercise-based Rehabilitation in Chronic Heart Failure - A Narrative Review
items: Dietary Patterns and Supplementation in Depression and Anxiety: A Comprehensive Literature Review
items: Lithium Through Time: Past Insights, Present Applications and Future Prospects
items: Contagious molluscum in swimmers with atopic dermatitis: transmission risk, clinical challenges and impact on sports participation - a narrative review
items: Rosacea and Anxiety Disorders - Psychosocial Impact, Quality of Life and Integrated Management
items: Venlafaxine and the Cardiovascular System: A Review of Hemodynamic Changes, Arrhythmia Risk, and Drug Interactions
items: Remote learning and increased screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic as risk factors for Digital Eye Strain: a review
items: Dynapenia syndrome in geriatrics – clinical characteristics, distinction from sarcopenia, and contemporary therapeutic approaches
items: EVALI: Current Understanding of Its Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management
items: Hypercalcemia of Malignancy: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges
items: Semaglutide-Induced Weight Loss: Consequences for Muscle Mass and Functional Outcomes
items: Effects of Physical Activity on Female and Male Fertility: A Literature Review
items: The Impact of physical activity and screen time on mental, physical and social health in children and adolescents: a narrative review
items: Rehabilitation Strategies and Pain Management in Athletes with Musculoskeletal Injuries - a review

Pain and Pathological Fractures as Primary Causes of Mobility Impairment in Multiple Myeloma
type: item
description: Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder frequently complicated by skeletal involvement, affecting up to 80% of patients. Osteolytic lesions, pathological fractures, spinal instability, and chronic pain lead to functional impairment, neurological complications, and reduced quality of life. Bone disease in MM results from an imbalance between bone resorption and formation caused by dysregulation of the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway. Aim: To review current literature on bone disease in multiple myeloma with emphasis on functional impairment, rehabilitation, and the role of orthopedic equipment in patient care. Material and methods: A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Polish medical databases. Articles published in English or Polish concerning adult MM patients with skeletal complications were included and analyzed qualitatively. Results: The literature shows that bone pain and pathological fractures, particularly in the spine, pelvis, ribs, and long bones, are major causes of disability and limited mobility. Pharmacological treatment, radiotherapy, and minimally invasive procedures such as vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty reduce pain and improve stability. Rehabilitation improves muscle strength, balance, and mobility. Orthopedic devices, including spinal orthoses, walkers, and crutches, increase safety and support daily activities. Conclusion: Skeletal complications remain a significant source of disability in patients with multiple myeloma. A multidisciplinary approach combining pharmacological treatment, interventional procedures, rehabilitation, and orthopedic support is essential to improve functional capacity and quality of life.
creator: Ewa Byjoś
creator: Sylwia Buczek
creator: Mateusz Zbylut
creator: Weronika Mstowska
creator: Kamila Milewska
creator: Karolina Bury
creator: Hanna Naliuka
creator: Katarzyna Młynarczyk
creator: Katarzyna Fabiś
creator: Patrycja Mateja
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ewa Byjoś, Sylwia Buczek, Mateusz Zbylut, Weronika Mstowska, Kamila Milewska, Karolina Bury, Hanna Naliuka, Katarzyna Młynarczyk, Katarzyna Fabiś, Patrycja Mateja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
volume: 88
starting page: 68186
ending page: 68186
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68186

Therapeutic Plasmapheresis: Indications and Clinical Outcomes
type: item
description: Therapeutic plasma exchange is a procedure that involves separating plasma from the cellular components. The plasma that is taken out is discarded and swapped with a solution that includes both crystalloid and colloid components or fresh frozen plasma also.[1] Therapeutic plasmapheresis (TP) is used to treat autoimmune diseases, certain poisonings, and any other conditions where there is a need to rapidly eliminate toxins from the bloodstream. The most important part of plasmapheresis is separation plasma and exchange with plasma of donors. The change of action of the immune system is secondary. During the process, large amounts of plasma can be replaced without putting too much strain on the circulation.[2] This review provides us with information about plasmapheresis, comprehensive examination of its methods, indications, and effects within hematological disorders. It explores potential future directions for the development of plasmapheresis, shedding light on emerging trends and innovations in the field. The article provides a brief analysis of the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of plasmapheresis. It also compares plasmapheresis to commonly employed treatment methods for a specific disease entity.
creator: Justyna Ignarska
creator: Magdalena Ignarska
creator: Sabina Kubicz Mzabi
creator: Marta Kaus
creator: Monika Podhorecka
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Justyna Ignarska, Magdalena Ignarska, Sabina Kubicz Mzabi, Marta Kaus, Monika Podhorecka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-05
publication date: 2026-03-05
volume: 88
starting page: 68977
ending page: 68977
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68977

Effects of Exercise on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Rheumatoid Arthritis
type: item
description: Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent synovial inflammation leading to joint destruction, disability, and increased cardiovascular risk. Exercise is increasingly recognized as a non-pharmacological therapy that may modulate inflammation and improve clinical outcomes in RA. Aim The aim of this review was to evaluate the effects of different exercise modalities on inflammatory biomarkers in individuals with RA. Material and methods A narrative review was conducted using studies published in peer-reviewed journals, identified through databases such as PubMed. Randomized controlled trials, clinical interventions, and systematic reviews assessing the impact of aerobic, resistance, and combined training on inflammatory markers in adults with RA were included. Data were extracted on exercise protocols, biomarker outcomes, and methodological quality. Results: Exercise interventions in RA show variable effects on inflammatory biomarkers. Aerobic training consistently reduces CRP and TNF-α, while effects on IL-6 and ESR are less consistent. Resistance training primarily lowers ESR and CRP, with transient changes in interleukins. Combined aerobic and resistance programs demonstrate the broadest anti-inflammatory impact, reducing CRP and IL-6, modulating regulatory T and B cells, and improving disease activity and quality of life. Short-term, moderate-intensity, and home-based interventions are safe and effective, whereas low-intensity exercise shows limited biomarker changes. Conclusions: Regular exercise is safe and beneficial for patients with RA, reducing disease activity, improving physical function, and modulating inflammatory biomarkers, particularly CRP and IL-6. Combined aerobic and resistance training offers the broadest anti-inflammatory and clinical benefits. Further research is needed to determine the most effective interventions for targeted modulation of inflammation.
creator: Julia Dusiel
creator: Anna Wałachowska
creator: Alicja Tabian
creator: Paulina Kozłowska
creator: Jakub Smęt
creator: Aleksandra Beata Chojnacka
creator: Jacek Borawski
creator: Julia Burdon-Sajnóg
creator: Zofia Szymona-Kuciewicz
creator: Klaudia Katarzyna Bartela
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Julia Dusiel, Anna Wałachowska, Alicja Tabian, Paulina Kozłowska, Jakub Smęt, Aleksandra Beata Chojnacka, Jacek Borawski, Julia Burdon-Sajnóg, Zofia Szymona-Kuciewicz, Klaudia Katarzyna Bartela https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-14
publication date: 2026-02-14
volume: 88
starting page: 67978
ending page: 67978
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.67978

The Role of Physical Activity in the Prevention and Management of Various Cancers
type: item
description: Background: Cancers remain a leading cause of mortality in a modern society, and their incidence is growing each year. The disease and its related therapies cause considerable side effects, functional deterioration, and reduce quality of life (QoL), all of which correlate with less favourable outcomes. Physical activity (PA) represents a cost-effective and non-invasive adjunct to the traditional therapy regimes, which can alleviate these negative effects and improve clinical outcomes Aim: The narrative review summarises current evidence about the role of PA in oncology. It provides a solid background in biochemical mechanisms involved in the modulation of cancer biology and evaluates its clinical significance by assessing psychological, physiological, cognitive, QoL and mortality rates Methods: We conducted a narrative review of the available literature on the role of physical activity in modulating physiological and functional parameters, as well as mortality, in cancer patients. We considered original studies, reviews, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Results: Evidence indicates that PA is an effective tool in both the prevention and management of cancers. Patients who engage in PA have improved metabolic, immune and oxidative stress parameters, which provide clinical outcomes such as improved QoL, cognitive, psychological and physiological performance. This consequently leads to a better prevention of cancers and provides benefits in terms of overall survival Conclusions: PA is an effective strategy for enhancing clinical outcomes in the cancer population and should be considered as an additional approach integrated into clinical guidelines.
creator: Roman Cemaga
creator: Patryk Hebda
creator: Mieszko Czapliński
creator: Ewa Szplit
creator: Mikołaj Patalong
creator: Paweł Pustuła
creator: Katarzyna Więckowska
creator: Bartłomiej Błaszkowski
creator: Adam Wolski
creator: Mateusz Kubicki
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Roman Cemaga, Patryk Hebda, Mieszko Czapliński, Ewa Szplit, Mikołaj Patalong, Paweł Pustuła, Katarzyna Więckowska, Bartłomiej Błaszkowski, Adam Wolski, Mateusz Kubicki https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-17
publication date: 2026-02-17
volume: 88
starting page: 68346
ending page: 68346
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68346

Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Endocrine Dysfunction: A Case Report
type: item
description: Autoimmune encephalitis is a rare immune-mediated neurological disorder characterized by brain inflammation associated with autoantibodies targeting neuronal surface or synaptic antigens. It frequently presents with rapidly progressive psychiatric symptoms, cognitive impairment, seizures, and autonomic instability, often mimicking primary psychiatric or infectious conditions. The disease course may be further complicated by concomitant endocrine dysfunction, requiring interdisciplinary management. We report the case of an 18-year-old woman with a history of autoimmune encephalitis and secondary hormonal abnormalities who developed recurrent psychotic decompensation. At the age of 15, she was hospitalized due to acute behavioral deterioration, hallucinations, confusion, and autonomic symptoms. Diagnostic evaluation revealed influenza A infection and inflammatory-demyelinating lesions in the corpus callosum and left cerebral hemisphere on MRI. Laboratory findings showed elevated antithyroid antibodies and hypothalamic amenorrhea, confirming endocrine involvement. Combined antiviral, immunomodulatory, and corticosteroid therapy resulted in significant clinical and radiological improvement. After two years of remission, the patient was readmitted with severe psychotic symptoms, including agitation, delusions, and behavioral disorganization. Neuroimaging demonstrated a stable post-inflammatory lesion without signs of active inflammation. Treatment required individualized polypharmacotherapy, with careful monitoring of extrapyramidal and endocrine adverse effects. This case highlights the complex interaction between autoimmune neuroinflammation, hormonal dysregulation, and psychiatric manifestations. Early recognition, comprehensive immunological and endocrine evaluation, and long-term multidisciplinary follow-up are essential to optimize outcomes and reduce relapse risk in autoimmune neuropsychiatric syndromes.
creator: Wiktoria Marszał
creator: Sandra Czyż
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Wiktoria Marszał, Sandra Czyż https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-12
publication date: 2026-03-12
volume: 88
starting page: 69383
ending page: 69383
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.69383

Treatment of post-dural puncture headache: current strategies and literature review
type: item
description: Introduction and purpose Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is an iatrogenic complication of lumbar puncture and neuraxial procedures, characterized by an orthostatic headache that typically develops within 48–72 hours following dural puncture. The pathophysiology of PDPH is primarily associated with cerebrospinal fluid leakage, leading to decreased intracranial pressure, traction of pain-sensitive intracranial structures, and secondary cerebral vasodilation. The incidence of PDPH depends on patient-related factors as well as technical aspects of the procedure, with the highest risk observed in young women, particularly in the obstetric population. Diagnosis is based on the characteristic clinical presentation in temporal association with a recent neuraxial intervention. Management includes conservative and pharmacological approaches; however, in refractory cases, the epidural blood patch remains the most effective therapeutic intervention. Material and methods The literature available in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases was conducted using the key words. Results The literature review indicates that post-dural puncture headache remains a common complication following dural puncture procedures. Conservative management, including bed rest, hydration, caffeine administration, and analgesics, is often effective in mild cases. In patients with persistent or severe symptoms, interventional methods—most notably the epidural blood patch—demonstrate high efficacy and rapid symptom relief. Conclusions Post-dural puncture headache is a clinically significant condition that may substantially affect patient comfort and recovery. Current evidence supports a stepwise approach to treatment, beginning with conservative measures and progressing to interventional therapies when necessary. The epidural blood patch remains the gold standard for refractory cases.
creator: Oliwia Osiak
creator: Maja Pękala
creator: Katarzyna Niedziółka
creator: Jakub Ignatowicz
creator: Maria Ochwat
creator: Kinga Marczuk
creator: Klaudia Nowak
creator: Lidia Radomyska
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Oliwia Osiak, Maja Pękala, Katarzyna Niedziółka, Jakub Ignatowicz, Maria Ochwat, Kinga Marczuk, Klaudia Nowak, Lidia Radomyska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
volume: 88
starting page: 68179
ending page: 68179
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68179

Ankle Sprain: A Common but Often Overlooked Injury – A Review of Causes, Treatment, and Rehabilitation
type: item
description: Introduction: Ankle sprains are a common injury affecting millions of people worldwide. While many cases are mild, they can lead to chronic joint instability, functional limitations and an increased risk of recurrence. Sprains most commonly involve the lateral ligaments of the joint, particularly ATFL, and in more complex cases, may also affect other structures, resulting in the high treatment costs. Aim: The aim of this article is to present modern methods of diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of ankle sprains, including innovative therapies and technologies that support recovery. Methods: A search of PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar was conducted. Included were randomized controlled trials, systematic review and meta-analyses of ankle sprain treatment and rehabilitation strategies. Results: An ankle sprain, if not treated properly, can lead to chronic instability, functional limitations and the risk of recurrence. Early diagnosis, intervention are crucial. Modern therapeutic methods such as micro-needle knives, electroacupuncture and rehabilitation robots offer promising treatment options. Integration of traditional methods with innovative technologies can speed up rehabilitation, improve joint stability and reduce the risk of recurrence. Conclusion: An ankle sprain, despite its initially mild nature,can lead to long term functional consequences. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic intervention are crucial to minimise the risk of chronic instability and other complications. Modern diagnostic technologies and biological therapies are promising treatment options, accelerating the rehabilitation process and improving functional outcomes. However, these innovative methods require further research and verification of the reliability of the results obtained, as they are still in the early stages of development.
creator: Agnieszka Morawa
creator: Karolina Osińska
creator: Marcin Schulz
creator: Michał Kulczak
creator: Dawid Studziński
creator: Anna Kołcz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Agnieszka Morawa, Karolina Osińska, Marcin Schulz, Michał Kulczak, Dawid Studziński, Anna Kołcz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-17
publication date: 2026-02-17
volume: 88
starting page: 68341
ending page: 68341
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68341

Beyond artificial tears: a new era in dry eye disease management – a review article
type: item
description: Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent and increasingly recognized disorder of the ocular surface that poses a significant clinical and public health challenge worldwide. Its complex and heterogeneous nature reflects the interplay of tear film instability, inflammation, epithelial dysfunction, and neurosensory abnormalities. The evolving understanding of DED pathophysiology has led to substantial changes in diagnostic criteria and therapeutic paradigms, shifting from purely symptomatic management toward mechanism-based and individualized approaches. Ongoing advances in molecular biology, immunology, and biomedical technology continue to reshape the therapeutic landscape of DED. In light of the growing clinical burden and the evolving understanding of DED as a complex, multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface characterized by loss of tear film homeostasis, hyperosmolarity, inflammation, and neurosensory abnormalities—as defined by the Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society in the TFOS DEWS III report—the purpose of this study was to comprehensively review the current evidence regarding DED pathophysiology, risk factors, classification, diagnostic algorithms, and contemporary therapeutic strategies, with particular emphasis on mechanism-based and emerging treatments.
creator: Jakub Mikołaj Sapikowski
creator: Agata Juchniewicz
creator: Maria Janiszewska
creator: Iga Kuba
creator: Julita Jagodzińska
creator: Mikołaj Góralczyk
creator: Martyna Grześkowiak
creator: Jakub Idziński
creator: Anna Lubomska
creator: Igor Jętasiewicz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jakub Mikołaj Sapikowski, Agata Juchniewicz, Maria Janiszewska, Iga Kuba, Julita Jagodzińska, Mikołaj Góralczyk, Martyna Grześkowiak, Jakub Idziński, Anna Lubomska, Igor Jętasiewicz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-11
publication date: 2026-03-11
volume: 88
starting page: 69377
ending page: 69377
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.69377

The Effects of Strength Training on Gait Function in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review
type: item
description: Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and a leading cause of non-traumatic disability in young adults. Gait impairment is one of the most common and disabling symptoms, significantly affecting functional independence and quality of life. Purpose of the work: The aim of this narrative review was to summarize and critically evaluate current evidence on the effects of strength training on gait function in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Materials and methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Original research and review articles published between 2000 and 2025 were identified using the keywords multiple sclerosis, strength training, resistance training, gait, and walking. Studies were selected based on thematic relevance and clinical applicability. In total, 21 studies were included in the analysis. Results: The reviewed studies consistently demonstrated improvements in muscle strength following strength training, particularly in individuals with mild to moderate disability. However, the effects of isolated strength training on gait function were inconsistent. Multimodal rehabilitation programs incorporating strength training more frequently resulted in improvements in gait speed, endurance, and functional walking measures. Conclusions: Strength training effectively improves muscle strength in people with MS, while its isolated impact on gait remains inconclusive. Multimodal rehabilitation approaches appear to provide more consistent benefits for gait function, highlighting the need for standardized outcome measures and further research.
creator: Witold Kimla
creator: Natalia Hajok
creator: Anna Maruszak
creator: Julia Kwiecień
creator: Julia Stołtny
creator: Justyna Goryczka
creator: Magdalena Lisik
creator: Magdalena Mida
creator: Magdalena Michalik
creator: Urszula Majda
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Witold Kimla, Natalia Hajok, Anna Maruszak, Julia Kwiecień, Julia Stołtny, Justyna Goryczka , Magdalena Lisik, Magdalena Mida, Magdalena Michalik, Urszula Majda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-25
publication date: 2026-02-25
volume: 88
starting page: 68627
ending page: 68627
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68627

Challenges in the Clinical Management of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD): An Updated Review
type: item
description: Background: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) remains one of the leading preventable causes of developmental disabilities and intellectual impairment worldwide. Despite its high prevalence, especially in the European region, it is frequently underdiagnosed or misidentified due to its complex clinical presentation and phenotypic overlap with other neurodevelopmental conditions. Aim: The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the current literature on fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), with particular emphasis on neurobiological mechanisms, diagnostic challenges and contemporary therapeutic strategies. The paper aims to systematise knowledge about clinical differences within the spectrum and to identify key factors influencing patient prognosis. Material and Methods: The PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus databases were analysed using the keywords: ‘FASD’, ‘fetal alcohol syndrome’, ‘pathophysiology’, “diagnosis” and ‘intervention’. The literature search was updated in January 2026 to include the most recent clinical guidelines and neurodevelopmental research. Twenty-five English-language bibliographic items were included in the review, including meta-analyses, systematic reviews and current clinical guidelines. Results: The analysis showed that prenatal alcohol exposure leads to permanent structural changes in the brain through oxidative stress and epigenetic disorders, resulting in profound deficits in executive functions. It was found that standardised coding systems significantly increase the accuracy of differential diagnosis in relation to ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Conclusions: Early identification of disorders and the implementation of multidisciplinary support before the age of 6 are crucial for minimising the secondary effects of FASD. Total abstinence by pregnant women remains the only effective method of prevention, requiring ongoing public education.
creator: Julia Bajorek
creator: Monika Augustyn
creator: Michał Żabicki
creator: Agata Kes
creator: Sylwia Kędzierska
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Julia Bajorek, Monika Augustyn, Michał Żabicki, Agata Kes, Sylwia Kędzierska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-04
publication date: 2026-03-04
volume: 88
starting page: 68705
ending page: 68705
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68705

When the Kidney Looks Like Thyroid: Thyroidization of the Kidney as a Histological Pattern and Its Potential Clinical Correlation - A Scoping Review
type: item
description: Background: kidney thyroidization is a histological pattern - atrophic renal tubules filled with eosinophilic, colloid-like casts resembling thyroid follicles. Regarded as a nonspecific marker of chronicity in renal disease, yet its biological significance, clinical correlations, and prognostic value remain poorly defined. Aim: to synthesize the existing literature on renal thyroidization. Material and methods: a scoping review of the available literature describing thyroidization of the kidney in human renal pathology was done. 2 databases were screened - PubMed & Scopus. Eligible sources included original studies, case series, case reports, and reviews addressing histological features, mechanisms & clinical contexts of thyroidization. Support information extracted from relevant textbooks recognized as authoritative on the renal pathology field. Results: the literature associates thyroidization with chronic tubulointerstitial damage, mostly in chronic kidney disease of diverse etiologies. The pattern reflects tubular atrophy with proteinaceous casts, interstitial fibrosis and chronic inflammation. Clinical correlations are rarely assessed; the presence of thyroidization is usually interpreted as a marker of long-standing injury. Reports suggesting links with disease duration, recurrent infection, or poor renal outcome remain largely descriptive. Conclusions: thyroidization of the kidney is a reproducible and distinctive histological pattern that functions primarily as a morphological signpost of chronicity. Its potential value as a semi-quantitative marker of disease duration, prior injury burden, or prognosis has not been studied. Future work integrating digital pathology, quantitative morphometry, and clinicopathological correlation may clarify whether thyroidization carries information beyond that conveyed by established chronicity indices.
creator: Mieszko Czaplinski
creator: Maria Król
creator: Natalia Marta Bruska
creator: Andrii Bilyk
creator: Paweł Pustuła
creator: Mikołaj Patalong
creator: Bartłomiej Błaszkowski
creator: Przemysław Kołodziej
creator: Katarzyna Więckowska
creator: Adam Wolski
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mieszko Czaplinski, Maria Król, Natalia Marta Bruska, Andrii Bilyk, Paweł Pustuła, Mikołaj Patalong, Bartłomiej Błaszkowski, Przemysław Kołodziej, Katarzyna Więckowska, Adam Wolski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-17
publication date: 2026-02-17
volume: 88
starting page: 68331
ending page: 68331
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68331

Resistance training in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: current evidence, limitations, and future directions
type: item
description: Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common, sleep-related breathing disorder associated with increased cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) remains the standard treatment; however, limited adherence and persistent symptoms in some patients caused growing interest in non-pharmacological supportive interventions, including physical activity. The role of resistance training as a distinct intervention in OSA remains poorly defined. Aim: The aim of this narrative review was to summarize current evidence regarding the potential benefits, risks, and practical considerations of resistance training in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Methodology: A narrative review of studies involving adult patients with diagnosed OSA was conducted using major biomedical databases, focusing on resistance training performed alone or as part of combined exercise interventions. Results: Available evidence suggests that resistance training, alone or combined with aerobic exercise, may improve sleep-related breathing parameters, sleep quality, daytime symptoms, muscle strength, and physical function. At the same time, available data highlight potential risks related to transient hemodynamic responses during high-intensity resistance exercise, orthopedic overload, and technique-related breathing disturbances. Conclusions: Resistance training appears to be a promising adjunct to non-pharmacological management of OSA; however further well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify its long-term efficacy, safety, and optimal training parameters.
creator: Urszula Majda
creator: Anna Maruszak
creator: Magdalena Michalik
creator: Magdalena Mida
creator: Julia Kwiecień
creator: Julia Stołtny
creator: Magdalena Lisik
creator: Witold Kimla
creator: Justyna Goryczka
creator: Natalia Hajok
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Urszula Majda, Anna Maruszak, Magdalena Michalik, Magdalena Mida, Julia Kwiecień, Julia Stołtny, Magdalena Lisik, Witold Kimla, Justyna Goryczka, Natalia Hajok https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-11
publication date: 2026-03-11
volume: 88
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.69366

Current strategies in the management of melasma: pathogenesis, risk factors and comprehensive treatment approaches
type: item
description: Melasma is an acquired pigmentary disorder characterized by symmetric hyperpigmented macules and patches on sun‑exposed facial areas. Its multifactorial pathogenesis includes melanocyte hyperactivity, dermal melanophages, vascular and inflammatory components, oxidative stress and hormonal drivers. Because of its chronic, relapsing nature and high risk of recurrence, melasma management requires individualized, multimodal approaches combining strict photoprotection, topical agents, systemic medications when indicated, and procedure‑based therapies for refractory or mixed cases. This review summarizes current knowledge of pathomechanisms and precipitating factors, evaluates therapeutic options (topical, systemic and procedural), compares modalities, and proposes practical algorithms for management and maintenance.
creator: Marta Walaszek
creator: Justyna Jusiak
creator: Jeremi Luczak
creator: Maciej Sobkowiak
creator: Paulina Sobkowiak
creator: Janusz Łuczak
creator: Justyna Dżumaga
creator: Michalina Janiszewska
creator: Maria Łazik
creator: Roksana Dybowska
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Marta Walaszek, Justyna Jusiak, Jeremi Luczak, Maciej Sobkowiak, Paulina Sobkowiak, Janusz Łuczak, Justyna Dżumaga, Michalina Janiszewska, Maria Łazik, Roksana Dybowska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
volume: 88
starting page: 68103
ending page: 68103
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68103

Why Health Knowledge Does Not Translate into Health Behavior: Educational and Psychological Perspectives
type: item
description: Despite the widespread availability of health-related information, adherence to health-promoting behaviors remains insufficient in many populations worldwide [1,2]. Research indicates that increasing health knowledge alone does not reliably lead to sustained lifestyle change, suggesting the presence of additional educational, psychological, and contextual determinants shaping health behavior [5,8,16]. The aim of this narrative review is to analyze why health knowledge frequently fails to translate into health-promoting action, with particular emphasis on educational and psychological perspectives [5,7]. Peer-reviewed literature indexed in PubMed and Scopus and publications issued by the World Health Organization were considered [1–3,10]. The reviewed evidence suggests that limited health literacy, low self-efficacy, motivational and emotional factors, habitual behavior patterns, and environmental constraints substantially moderate the relationship between knowledge and action [6,9,18–21,24–28]. These determinants are summarized in Table 1 and indicate that effective health education should move beyond information transfer and incorporate behavioral competencies, psychological support, and context-sensitive approaches to promote sustainable health behavior change [3,5,7,26–28].
creator: Anna Wicher
creator: Maja Radziwon
creator: Konrad Borowski
creator: Oskar Pastuszek
creator: Emilia Bolesta-Okuniewska
creator: Paweł Michalak
creator: Aleksandra Marchwińska-Pancer
creator: Katarzyna Kopeć
creator: Julia Ceryn
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Anna Wicher, Maja Radziwon, Konrad Borowski, Oskar Pastuszek, Emilia Bolesta-Okuniewska, Paweł Michalak, Aleksandra Marchwińska-Pancer, Katarzyna Kopeć, Julia Ceryn https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-11
publication date: 2026-03-11
volume: 88
starting page: 68589
ending page: 68589
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68589

Vitamins D and E as radiotherapy adjuncts - literature review of preclinical and clinical evidence
type: item
description: Introduction: Radiotherapy (RT) is the fundamental method in cancer treatment, yet tumor resistance and normal tissue toxicity limit its efficacy. Vitamins D and E may modulate RT outcomes through radiosensitization, antioxidant effects, and immune regulation. Methods and Materials: We reviewed preclinical and clinical studies from PubMed, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar using keywords like “radiotherapy”, ”radiation”, “vitamin D”, “vitamin E” and “radiosensitivity”. Results: Vitamin D enhances RT response via VDR-mediated DNA damage and reduces toxicity (e.g., mucositis), though hypercalcemia risk requires monitoring. Vitamin E (especially tocotrienols) alleviates mucositis and fibrosis, but excessive doses may compromise RT efficacy by neutralizing tumor-killing ROS. Conclusions: Vitamins D and E show therapeutic potential in RT but require precise dosing and timing to avoid interference with treatment. Personalized strategies and robust clinical trials are needed to establish evidence-based guidelines for their adjuvant use.
creator: Ada Wiśniowska
creator: Maksymilian Wiśniowski
creator: Kacper Buczek
creator: Aleksandra Kozłowska
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ada Wiśniowska, Maksymilian Wiśniowski, Kacper Buczek, Aleksandra Kozłowska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-17
publication date: 2026-02-17
volume: 88
starting page: 68325
ending page: 68325
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68325

Case study of a patient with cervical cancer on postoperative day 1 after total hysterectomy and pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy
type: item
description: Cervical cancer remains one of the most common malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system and constitutes a significant global health problem among women. The key etiological factor is persistent infection with oncogenic types of the Human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly types 16 and 18. Effective primary prevention (HPV vaccination) and secondary prevention (screening tests, including cytology and HPV testing) enable early detection of precancerous lesions and significantly reduce morbidity and mortality. Despite well-developed preventive programs, diagnoses at advanced stages are still observed. The treatment of cervical cancer is complex and burdensome, involving surgical methods (e.g., hysterectomy), radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Therapy affects not only the patient’s physical condition but also her psychological and social functioning. In this context, nursing care constitutes an integral element of oncological management. It includes educational activities, preparation for treatment, perioperative care, monitoring for potential complications, symptom management, and emotional support. A holistic approach to the patient is essential for maintaining the highest possible quality of life and for effective adaptation to the disease and its consequences.
creator: Joanna Ziemiańska
creator: Sara Matusik
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Joanna Ziemiańska, Sara Matusik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-01
publication date: 2026-03-01
volume: 88
starting page: 69350
ending page: 69350
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.69350

Dextrose as an effective agent in the treatment of entrapment neuropathies by Hydrodissection
type: item
description: Background. Entrapment neuropathies are a diverse group of peripheral nerve disorders caused by the compression and irritation of nerves at structurally narrow areas. More recently, interest has grown in the novel minimally invasive ultrasound-guided method in the treatment of entrapment neuropathies: nerve hydrodissection. This emerging procedure involves the injection of various substances around the nerve to separate it from surrounding tissues in order to allow for decompression and healing. Among injectable agents, 5% dextrose in water (DW) has gathered much interest because of its favorable properties. Aim. The objective of this study was to describe potential mechanisms of action, efficacy and safety of 5% dextrose in water in the management of entrapment neuropathies via hydrodissection based on recently published studies. Materials and methods. This study is a narrative review. Articles related to nerve hydrodissection with 5% dextrose in water published from 2020 (past 5 years) were included. Results. Hydrodissection by 5% dextrose in water significantly improves both symptoms and functions in various neuropathies. The application of 5% dextrose and water solution appears to have been explored extensively as a treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome. Compared to other treatments, including corticosteroids and local anesthetics, this solution shows a more sustained response and a good safety profile, with no adverse reactions reported. However, the true mechanism of action of 5% dextrose and water remains unclear. Proposed mechanisms include modulation of TRPV1 receptors, thereby playing a role in the attenuation of neuropathic pain. Conclusions. Hydrodissection using 5% dextrose and water solution can be considered an effective modality of therapy for entrapment neuropathies, with its efficacy best proved in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.
creator: Szymon Stupnicki
creator: Wiktoria Marzec
creator: Michał Napierała
creator: Natalia Skrzypska
creator: Olga Wojtczak
creator: Justyna Wróblewska
creator: Jakub Tarczykowski
creator: Kacper Zagaja
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Szymon Stupnicki, Wiktoria Marzec, Michał Napierała, Natalia Skrzypska, Olga Wojtczak, Justyna Wróblewska, Jakub Tarczykowski, Kacper Zagaja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
volume: 88
starting page: 68073
ending page: 68073
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68073

Nutritional Support in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): A Comprehensive Literature Review On Clinical Strategies and Patient Outcomes
type: item
description: Introduction and purpose: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition and is a frequent reason for admitting patients to the Intensive Care Units. The treatment of ARDS remains an important task for physicians worldwide. Nutritional therapy is a significant part of managing critically ill patients. The aim of this study is to gather and present knowledge regarding nutrition support for patients diagnosed with ARDS. A brief description of the state of knowledge: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a severe inflammatory lung condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. While respiratory support remains the cornerstone of treatment, nutritional therapy has emerged as a critical component of care. Patients with ARDS experience increased metabolic demands and catabolism, necessitating individualized nutritional strategies to preserve muscle mass, support immune function, and improve clinical outcomes. Although enteral nutrition is preferred, parenteral routes are often required due to feeding intolerance or contraindications. Emerging evidence also supports the use of immune-modulating nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants, though clinical recommendations remain cautious pending further research. Refeeding syndrome remains a serious and potentially life-threatening complication necessitating careful monitoring and gradual reintroduction of nutrients. Conclusions: Nutritional support is a vital component in the management of ARDS, with significant implications for patient recovery and outcomes. Individualized strategies that address energy and protein needs, minimize the risk of refeeding syndrome, and consider both enteral and parenteral routes are essential. While immune-modulating nutrition holds promise, further high-quality studies are needed to establish its routine use. Integrating nutrition into ARDS care pathways may enhance treatment effectiveness and improve prognosis.
creator: Magdalena Jakubowicz-Pawlak
creator: Natalia Kuchenbeker
creator: Adriana Dojs
creator: Julia Mierzwińska-Mucha
creator: Katarzyna Siekaniec
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Magdalena Jakubowicz-Pawlak, Natalia Kuchenbeker, Adriana Dojs, Julia Mierzwińska-Mucha, Katarzyna Siekaniec https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-17
publication date: 2026-02-17
volume: 88
starting page: 68537
ending page: 68537
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68537

When should you suspect if your patient is an Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid User? Evidence-Based literature review of usage patterns changes and clinical implications for medical practice (2005-2025)
type: item
description: Background: Anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use has evolved into a significant public health concern affecting diverse populations beyond elite athletics. Objective: To examine evidence-based changes in AAS usage patterns including demographics, motivations, and health consequences from 2005-2025 using systematic reviews and peer-reviewed research. Methods: Literature review of peer-reviewed studies and systematic reviews from PubMed and National Health Institute Library focusing on AAS epidemiology, demographic changes, and health consequences published between 2005-2025. Results: Global lifetime prevalence of AAS use is estimated at 6-29%. Female participation is estimated to be constantly growing. Evidence indicates expansion beyond traditional athletic populations with significant cardiovascular, psychiatric, and reproductive health consequences. Conclusions: AAS use represents a widespread public health concern requiring enhanced clinical awareness and evidence-based management approaches among medical practitioners.
creator: Adrianna Pielech
creator: Patrycja Dadyńska
creator: Marek Wilczyński
creator: Paweł Kwiecień
creator: Michał Kwiecień
creator: Julianna Zielska
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Adrianna Pielech, Patrycja Dadyńska, Marek Wilczyński, Paweł Kwiecień, Michał Kwiecień, Julianna Zielska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-13
publication date: 2026-02-13
volume: 88
starting page: 68269
ending page: 68269
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68269

Evidence-Based Treatment of ADHD: Pharmacotherapy and Psychosocial Interventions in Current Clinical Guidelines
type: item
description: Background. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition that affects how a person focuses, regulates behavior, and manages impulses. As a result, individuals with ADHD often experience difficulties in everyday life, including at school, at work, and in social relationships. It is characterized by persistent attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Aim. This literature review evaluates current treatments for ADHD, including both medication and non-medication options, and discusses their effectiveness. Materials and Methods. This review summarizes current evidence on medication and psychosocial treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The review included original studies and reviews from the Cochrane, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. The article selection process ended in February 2026. Results. Medicines that stimulate the brain are the best treatment for ADHD for people of all ages. Non-stimulant medications show moderate effectiveness and may be particularly useful in patients with contraindications to stimulants or comorbid conditions. Pharmacotherapy tends to produce larger effect sizes in children than in adults, although it is effective in both populations. Conclusions. The current evidence shows that a multimodal approach is the best way to treat ADHD. Stimulants are still the best type of drug for this, but doctors need to plan treatments for each patient that take into account their mental and social well-being, any other health problems, their age, and how well they can handle the medication to ensure the best possible care.
creator: Joanna Madoń
creator: Marta Czechowicz
creator: Patryk Gadziński
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Joanna Madoń, Marta Czechowicz, Patryk Gadziński https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-06
publication date: 2026-03-06
volume: 88
starting page: 69287
ending page: 69287
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.69287

Mechanical Chest Compression Devices - A Narrative Review
type: item
description: Introduction & Aim: Sudden cardiac arrest remains a leading cause of mortality, with global survival rates remaining low. High-quality CPR characterized by adequate depth and minimal interruptions, is the cornerstone of survival. Manual CPR quality often declines due to rescuer fatigue and challenging environments. Mechanical chest compression devices (MCCDs) offer a potential solution to ensure consistent quality. This study aims to provide an overview of MCCDs available in the Polish Emergency Medical System, highlighting their advantages, limitations and applications, while evaluating their clinical effectiveness compared to manual CPR. Material and methods: The study consisted of a descriptive and comparative literature review, focusing on the technical data and clinical evidence (up to 2025) for the AutoPulse, LUCAS, and Corpuls CPR systems used in Poland. Data analysis included RCTS, cohort studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses evaluating MCCDs, utilizing PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Results: MCCDs ensure high-quality, uninterrupted compressions, particularly in challenging transport or specific scenarios, freeing up personnel for other tasks. Large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and recent meta-analyses demonstrate that MCCDs provide comparable survival outcomes to high-quality manual CPR, with survival rates ranging from 6.0% to 9.4%. However, MCCDs show a significant advantage in specialized scenarios - prolonged transport, catheterization labs, or as a bridge to advanced therapies like eCPR and extracorporeal life support. Conclusions: MCCDs are reliable alternatives for specific clinical situations. Although they involve higher costs and different injury patterns, the benefits of maintaining consistent CPR quality in conditions where manual compressions fail are measurable. Current guidelines recommend their use as a viable alternative in specific, difficult circumstances, rather than as a routine replacement for manual CPR.
creator: Przemysław Kołodziej
creator: Andrii Bilyk
creator: Maria Król
creator: Natalia Marta Bruska
creator: Ewa Szplit
creator: Katarzyna Więckowska
creator: Patryk Hebda
creator: Mateusz Kubicki
creator: Mikołaj Patalong
creator: Wiktoria Michnowska
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Przemysław Kołodziej, Andrii Bilyk, Maria Król, Natalia Marta Bruska, Ewa Szplit, Katarzyna Więckowska, Patryk Hebda, Mateusz Kubicki, Mikołaj Patalong, Wiktoria Michnowska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-19
publication date: 2026-02-19
volume: 88
starting page: 68484
ending page: 68484
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68484

Non-pharmacological strategies in the management of arterial hypertension in the elderly: A review of dietary, probiotic, and physical activity interventions
type: item
description: Background: Arterial hypertension is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular diseases worldwide. While pharmacological therapy plays a central role in management, non-pharmacological interventions are often the first-line approach, particularly in older adults. Aim: This article aims to review current evidence on the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for managing arterial hypertension in older adults, focusing on diet, probiotic supplementation, and physical activity. Material and Methods: Data were obtained from publicly available scientific sources, including PubMed, BioMed Central, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate Results: The literature confirms the effectiveness of the DASH diet in lowering blood pressure and improving metabolic parameters, including insulin sensitivity and lipid profile. Reducing sodium and alcohol intake may delay or partially replace the need for pharmacological treatment. Probiotic supplementation exhibits antihypertensive effects by modulating gut microbiota and reducing inflammation, with minimal side effects. Regular physical activity, particularly aerobic exercise, contributes to significant reductions in blood pressure and improves functional capacity in older adults. The success of non-pharmacological interventions requires individual tailoring to each patient’s needs. Conclusions: A comprehensive approach combining the DASH diet, sodium and alcohol restriction, probiotic supplementation, and regular physical activity forms the cornerstone of effective non-pharmacological management of arterial hypertension in older adults. These strategies can reduce the need for pharmacotherapy, minimize drug-related adverse effects, and improve cardiovascular outcomes.
creator: Dawid Cyls
creator: Radosław Sciepuro
creator: Martyna Toczek
creator: Paulina Ryszka
creator: Damian Broda
creator: Aleksandra Płusa
creator: Daria Komissarova
creator: Izabela Ciesielska
creator: Łukasz Głąb
creator: Paulina Janczylik
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dawid Cyls, Radosław Sciepuro, Martyna Toczek, Paulina Ryszka , Damian Broda, Aleksandra Płusa, Daria Komissarova, Izabela Ciesielska, Łukasz Głąb, Paulina Janczylik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-16
publication date: 2026-02-16
volume: 88
starting page: 68247
ending page: 68247
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68247

Recent Developments in Hepatitis B Treatment - A Review
type: item
description: Background Hepatitis B remains a global health concern, despite programs aimed at reducing its prevalence. Current mainline treatments are largely successful in reducing infection symptoms; however, viral reservoirs continue to pose a barrier to achieving a functional cure. Aim This review aims to highlight emerging options for HBV treatment to inform physicians of the potential methods of potentizing antiviral therapies, preventing infections, and achieving seroclearance that might become available in the coming years. Materials and Methods The article reviews studies and trials showcasing novel HBV treatment alternatives over the past 5 years of results. Publications available in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases were included, among others. The literature review and article selection process concluded in February 2026. Results The available studies show that NTCP inhibitors display a well-established effect in preventing viral entry. In limited-scope trials, a combination of capsid assembly modulator Morphotiandin and ritonavir showed greater efficacy than a ritonavir monotherapy. cccDNA elimination via HDAC11 overexpression, targeting with specific xanthone derivatives, and viral genome editing methods offer the possibility of eliminating viral reservoirs. Trials involving immunomodulatory agents and small-interfering RNA have resulted in notably higher rates of seroclearance than control groups. Conclusions While, except Bulevirtide, the showcased treatments are not yet available on the market, they may eventually be regarded as a significant tool in combating infections at various points of the viral life cycle. The above-mentioned methods have shown a considerable potential in achieving the long-sought therapeutic benchmark of a functional cure, i.e., a sustained loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), with or without anti-HBs seroconversion, after completion of therapy.
creator: Patryk Gadziński
creator: Marta Czechowicz
creator: Joanna Madoń
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Patryk Gadziński, Marta Czechowicz, Joanna Madoń https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-21
publication date: 2026-02-21
volume: 88
starting page: 69106
ending page: 69106
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.69106

The influence of diet and oral supplementation on female infertility
type: item
description: Infertility is an increasing concern among young couples attempting to conceive. Despite advances in medical treatments, including ovarian stimulation, intrauterine insemination, and in vitro fertilization, the prevalence of infertility remains high, suggesting that multiple factors may interfere with reproductive success. Recent research has highlighted the important role of dietary patterns and oral supplementation in fertility, influencing metabolic health, inflammation, ovulation, and oocyte quality. Modifiable risk factors such as stress, obesity, and unhealthy diet have been associated with reduced pregnancy success. Given their potential impact, further investigation into diet and lifestyle interventions is essential to improve reproductive outcomes.
creator: Maciej Krężel
creator: Olga Krężel
creator: Marcelina Rybińska
creator: Artur Szafraniec
creator: Zuzanna Kalinowska
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Maciej Krężel, Olga Krężel, Marcelina Rybińska, Artur Szafraniec, Zuzanna Kalinowska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-14
publication date: 2026-02-14
volume: 88
starting page: 68040
ending page: 68040
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68040

Ankle Mortise Fractures as a Cause of Functional Impairment: Current Concepts in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation
type: item
description: Background. Ankle mortise fractures represent a common injury of the lower extremity and are associated with a wide spectrum of instability and functional impairment. Due to the complex anatomy of the ankle joint and the critical role of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis in maintaining joint congruency, these fractures may lead to prolonged disability, chronic pain, and post-traumatic osteoarthritis if not properly managed. Aim. To review current evidence regarding ankle mortise fractures, with particular emphasis on etiology, classification, diagnostic strategies, treatment options, rehabilitation protocols, and functional outcomes. Material and methods. A narrative review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Peer-reviewed articles published in English concerning adult patients with ankle mortise fractures were included. Original studies, systematic reviews, and clinical practice guidelines were analyzed qualitatively. Results. The literature indicates that ankle mortise fractures account for a significant proportion of ankle injuries and frequently result from rotational mechanisms. Accurate assessment of fracture stability and syndesmotic integrity is essential for treatment selection. Conservative management yields favorable outcomes in stable fracture patterns, whereas unstable injuries typically require surgical fixation. Early mobilization and structured rehabilitation improve functional recovery, while delayed or inadequate management increases the risk of long-term complications. Conclusion. Ankle mortise fractures are a clinically relevant cause of functional limitation and reduced mobility. Optimal outcomes depend on accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment selection, and early, individualized rehabilitation. A comprehensive, evidence-based approach is essential to restore function and minimize long-term complications
creator: Katarzyna Fabiś
creator: Mateusz Zbylut
creator: Daniel Filip Kossakowski
creator: Ewa Byjoś
creator: Sylwia Buczek
creator: Weronika Mstowska
creator: Karolina Bury
creator: Hanna Naliuka
creator: Katarzyna Młynarczyk
creator: Patrycja Mateja
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Katarzyna Fabiś, Mateusz Zbylut, Daniel Filip Kossakowski, Ewa Byjoś, Sylwia Buczek, Weronika Mstowska, Karolina Bury, Hanna Naliuka, Katarzyna Młynarczyk, Patrycja Mateja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-05
publication date: 2026-03-05
volume: 88
starting page: 69082
ending page: 69082
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.69082

The use of platelet-rich plasma in the healing of chronic and hard-to-heal wounds – a systematic review
type: item
description: INTRODUCTION: Chronic wounds are a significant clinical problem, burdening healthcare systems and affecting the quality of patients' life. The healing of chronic wounds is impaired at multiple levels, which makes traditional treatment methods often insufficient. Platelet-rich plasma is an autologous blood-derived preparation containing a high concentration of platelets and growth factors that can modulate regenerative processes in damaged tissues. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using PRP in treatments of chronic and hard-to-heal wounds based on current clinical data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify clinical studies. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case series, and systematic reviews published up to December 2025 were analyzed. Inclusion criteria included studies involving adult patients with chronic wounds, diabetic ulcers, pressure ulcers, venous ulcers, and hard-to-heal postoperative wounds. The following parameters were evaluated: wound healing time, rate of complete wound closure, reduction of wound surface area, pain intensity and the occurrence of adverse effects. KEY RESULTS: The analysis, covering 29 randomized clinical trials involving 2,198 chronic wounds, showed that the use of platelet-rich plasma significantly increased the chances of complete wound closure compared to standard treatment, with an odds ratio of 5.32 (95 percent CI: 3.37 to 8.40). Furthermore, PRP therapy was associated with a reduction in wound healing time by an average of 25 to 35 percent and a significant reduction in wound surface area. CONCLUSIONS: Platelet-rich plasma constitutes an effective and safe method supporting the treatment of chronic and hard-to-heal wounds. Its use can lead to the acceleration of the healing process, an increase in the rate of complete wound closure, and an improvement in the patients' quality of life.
creator: Paulina Pawłowska
creator: Szymon Piosik
creator: Aleksandra Skorupa
creator: Łukasz Piasecki
creator: Natalia Dudziak
creator: Marek Kochański
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Paulina Pawłowska, Szymon Piosik, Aleksandra Skorupa, Łukasz Piasecki, Natalia Dudziak, Marek Kochański https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-17
publication date: 2026-02-17
volume: 88
starting page: 68005
ending page: 68005
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68005

Vitamin D, Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid) and Vitamin B12 Status in Bipolar Disorder: Associations with Symptom Severity and Course of Illness
type: item
description: Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mood disorder associated with substantial functional impairment and elevated suicide risk. Nutritional psychiatry has highlighted potential links between vitamin D, folate (vitamin B9), vitamin B12, and one-carbon metabolism (including homocysteine) and affective symptom burden, yet BD-specific evidence remains heterogeneous. Aim: To organize and critically synthesize evidence on the relationship between vitamin D status (25[OH]D) and B-group vitamins-particularly folate (B9) and vitamin B12-and the clinical phenotype of BD, including symptom severity, illness phase, course features, cognition, suicidality-related outcomes, and the effects of supplementation where available. Material and methods: All data were collected from publicly available sources. This article's databases were accessed via PubMed/MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library. Summary: Current evidence supports frequent vitamin D insufficiency in BD but does not demonstrate an evidence-based therapeutic effect of vitamin D supplementation on bipolar depressive symptoms. Folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine findings more consistently relate to bipolar depression and cardiometabolic comorbidity, while supplementation data remain preliminary and insufficient for routine adjunctive use beyond documented deficiency. In clinical practice, assessment and correction of vitamin D, folate, and especially vitamin B12 abnormalities should be considered as part of comprehensive medical care in BD, with vitamin B12 testing having particular value when presentations are atypical or medically suggestive.
creator: Małgorzata Styczyńska
creator: Maciej Wojewódzki
creator: Alicja Cyrzan
creator: Jakub Zalewski
creator: Adam Zysk
creator: Mateusz Ząbek
creator: Martyna Iwanowska
creator: Beata Flis
creator: Adrian Goss
creator: Bartosz Fronczak
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Małgorzata Styczyńska, Maciej Wojewódzki, Alicja Cyrzan, Jakub Zalewski, Adam Zysk, Mateusz Ząbek, Martyna Iwanowska, Beata Flis, Adrian Goss, Bartosz Fronczak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-19
publication date: 2026-02-19
volume: 88
starting page: 68648
ending page: 68648
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68648

The Management of chronic wounds: a current review for internal medicine physicians
type: item
description: Background: Chronic wounds are a growing clinical problem in older patients especially those with multimorbidity. Their healing is impaired by constant inflammation, skin cell dysfunction and bacterial biofilm presence. Aim: The aim of this review article is to present the current management of chronic wounds in internal medicine practice. Methodology: The study was conducted as a narrative review. A structured literature search was carried out using the following electronic databases: PubMed,Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The search included publications released mainly between 2017 and 2025, in order to reflect current clinical practice and guideline recommendations. Results: The reviewed literature and articles confirm that internal medicine doctors play a key role in the chronic wound treatment. Firstly, they should concentrate on the etiology of the wound. Comorbidities are also worth considering. The TIME strategy is a structured framework for dealing with wounds. Selected additional therapies are mentioned including negative pressure wound therapy and larval therapy which are used to improve debridement and reduction of bacterial biofilm. All of these actions contribute to reducing the risk of complications, hospitalizations and amputations. Conclusion: Chronic wounds are still a complex and heterogeneous clinical problem. It requires an individualized diagnostic and therapeutic approach based on etiology. The internist actions are essential in early patient assessment, management of comorbidities and coordination of multidisciplinary care. In some cases advanced therapies such as negative pressure wound therapy or larval therapy need to be performed in order to achieve a better outcome.
creator: Sylwia Czesława Buczek
creator: Ewa Byjoś
creator: Katarzyna Fabiś
creator: Mateusz Zbylut
creator: Patrycja Mateja
creator: Weronika Mstowska
creator: Kamila Milewska
creator: Karolina Bury
creator: Katarzyna Młynarczyk
creator: Hanna Naliuka
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sylwia Czesława Buczek, Ewa Byjoś, Katarzyna Fabiś, Mateusz Zbylut, Patrycja Mateja, Weronika Mstowska, Kamila Milewska, Karolina Bury, Katarzyna Młynarczyk, Hanna Naliuka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
volume: 88
starting page: 68187
ending page: 68187
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68187

The Safety and Outcomes of Keratopigmentation as a Cosmetic Eye Color Change Procedure
type: item
description: We review the articles discussing the rationale for performing keratopigmentation (KTP) for purely aesthetic purposes and the safety considerations associated with this method. Originally developed for therapeutic purposes, such as iris defects and corneal opacities, KTP has recently gained popularity as a permanent cosmetic method for changing eye color. Advances in femtosecond-assisted techniques and the use of micronized mineral pigments have enhanced the precision of the procedure and its biocompatibility, contributing to high patient satisfaction rates. Published data, mainly in the form of case reports and small case series, suggest that cosmetic KTP is generally well tolerated. The most commonly reported adverse effects are mild and reversible. Functional parameters typically remain stable, although reductions in contrast sensitivity and mild endothelial cell loss have been reported. Corrective procedures are often necessary, and repeated interventions may increase the risk of complications. Given the limited long-term evidence and the ethical considerations of performing irreversible surgery on healthy eyes, cosmetic KTP should be approached with caution, ensuring thorough patient counseling and careful candidate selection.
creator: Sandra Żak
creator: Alicja Ruzik
creator: Patrycja Przebieradło
creator: Patrycja Rędziniak
creator: Monika Rajs
creator: Antonina Magdalena Gaj-Hunter
creator: Monika Kowalska
creator: Katarzyna Żurek
creator: Kaja Stolarska
creator: Sandra Terpiłowska
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sandra Żak, Alicja Ruzik, Patrycja Przebieradło, Patrycja Rędziniak , Monika Rajs, Antonina Antonina Gaj-Hunter, Monika Kowalska, Katarzyna Żurek, Kaja Stolarska, Sandra Terpiłowska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-05
publication date: 2026-03-05
volume: 88
starting page: 69004
ending page: 69004
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.69004

When Campylobacter jejuni affects the heart - myocarditis in male patients
type: item
description: Introduction: Campylobacter jejuni is a bacteria that is one of the most common causes of bacterial foodborne illness worldwide. The bacteria is typically transmitted through consumption of undercooked poultry, contaminated water, or unpasteurized dairy products. In addition to gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps or fever, C. jejuni has been associated with post-infection sequelae, including rare cases of myocarditis. Although uncommon, myocarditis can result in arrhythmias, heart failure or even death, requiring prompt medical attention. Methods: This review consists of the latest papers, including cases, systematic reviews and cohorts. The analysis focuses on summarizing the C. jejuni infection-related myocarditis in male patients, in particular determining the time of onset of gastrointestinal and cardiovascular symptoms, and the results of additional tests leading to the diagnosis of myocarditis. Results: Among the 46 reported male patients with Campylobacter jejuni-associated myocarditis or myopericarditis, left ventricular systolic dysfunction was documented in 17 cases (39.5%). The time interval between the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms and the onset of chest pain was available for 43 patients, with a mean delay of 3,84 days (median 3 days; range 0-14 days), indicating a short but clearly discernible latency between enteric infection and myocardial involvement. Overall, only one of the 46 patients (2.2%) died, whereas all others survived to hospital discharge, indicating a generally favourable short-term prognosis despite the relatively high proportion of cases with impaired ventricular function. Conclusions: Proper food handling, cooking poultry to appropriate temperatures, and good hygiene practices are essential for prevention of C. jejuni infections. Quick and precise diagnosis of myocarditis prevents severe complications of the disease.
creator: Michalina Janiszewska
creator: Maciej Sobkowiak
creator: Paulina Sobkowiak
creator: Justyna Jusiak
creator: Janusz Łuczak
creator: Justyna Dżumaga
creator: Jeremi Łuczak
creator: Maria Łazik
creator: Roksana Dybowska
creator: Marta Walaszek
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Michalina Janiszewska, Maciej Sobkowiak, Paulina Sobkowiak, Justyna Jusiak, Janusz Łuczak, Justyna Dżumaga, Jeremi Łuczak, Maria Łazik, Roksana Dybowska, Marta Walaszek https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-14
publication date: 2026-02-14
volume: 88
starting page: 67989
ending page: 67989
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.67989

The Role of Choline (B4) in Muscle and Heart Health and Its Function - A Narrative Review
type: item
description: Background: Choline is an essential micronutrient critical for neurotransmitter synthesis, lipid metabolism, and cellular function. Evidence demonstrates its vital importance for skeletal muscle and cardiac function. Objective: This narrative review analyzes choline's role in muscle and cardiac health, the biochemical mechanisms supporting muscle contraction and cardiac function, and practical implications for athletes and cardiovascular patients. Methods: Systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2026) using keywords: choline, muscle health, acetylcholine, cardiac function, muscle contraction, cardiomyopathy and supplementation. Priority given to randomized controlled trials, mechanistic studies, and systematic reviews. Results: Choline serves as a precursor to acetylcholine (ACh), the primary neurotransmitter for neuromuscular transmission and muscle contraction initiation [1–4]. Deficiency is associated with reduced strength and impaired nerve-muscle signaling [1,2,5–8]. Chronic deficiency decreases phosphatidylcholine synthesis, impairing muscle membrane integrity [9–11]. In cardiac health, choline and betaine lower homocysteine levels, a cardiovascular risk factor [12–14], and demonstrate cardioprotective effects through oxidative stress reduction and enhanced parasympathetic function [15–17]. Adequate intake (550 mg/day men; 425 mg/day women) is obtained through meat, seafood, eggs, legumes, and cruciferous vegetables [18–20]. Choline supplementation may improve endurance performance during intense exercise exceeding 2 hours [21,22]. Conclusions: Choline is essential for muscle health as an acetylcholine precursor and membrane lipid component, supporting contraction and protein synthesis. For cardiac health, choline reduces disease risk by lowering homocysteine and reducing oxidative stress. Adequate choline is vital for athletic performance and may support cardiac function in cardiovascular disease patients.
creator: Tamara Korohod
creator: Martyna Pietrzak-Chmiel
creator: Paulina Ramaneckaite
creator: Agnieszka Binkiewicz
creator: Maciej Ślesik
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tamara Korohod, Martyna Pietrzak-Chmiel , Paulina Ramaneckaite, Agnieszka Binkiewicz, Maciej Ślesik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-17
publication date: 2026-02-17
volume: 88
starting page: 68355
ending page: 68355
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68355

Red Yeast Rice as a natural source of Monacolin K – the efficacy among patients with dyslipidemia. A literature review
type: item
description: Background: Dyslipidemia is a common disease worldwide associated with increased cardiovascular risk. It is associated with many possible health consequences. An important issue in the treatment of dyslipidemia is lifestyle modification. Moreover, the use of nutraceuticals and pharmacological treatment is equally important. Red yeast rice contains monacolin K, which can reduce plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol. Moreover, contains gamma-aminobutyric acid, which has antihyperlipidemic effects. Aim: This article aims to review current evidence on the effectiveness of the treating of dyslipidemia with Monacolin K, which is contained in Red Yeast Rice. Material and Methods: A literature review was conducted from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Key phrases as “red yeast rice”, “monacolin K” and “LDL-cholesterol” were used. Results and conclusion: Supplementation with a low daily dose of red yeast rice, which contains Monacolin K can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases among patients with dyslipidemia by lowering plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC).
creator: Aleksandra Simlat
creator: Aleksandra Sado
creator: Bartłomiej Lisik
creator: Filip Skowierzak
creator: Klaudia Kozyra
creator: Sylwia Kozieł-Kwit
creator: Wiktoria Rogowska
creator: Krzysztof Szada-Borzyszkowski
creator: Mariusz Wręczycki
creator: Kacper Sawczuk
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Aleksandra Simlat, Aleksandra Sado, Bartłomiej Lisik, Filip Skowierzak, Klaudia Kozyra, Sylwia Kozieł-Kwit, Wiktoria Rogowska, Krzysztof Szada-Borzyszkowski, Mariusz Wręczycki, Kacper Sawczuk https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-12
publication date: 2026-03-12
volume: 88
starting page: 69385
ending page: 69385
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.69385

Use of mobile applications in the self‑management of gestational diabetes mellitus: a narrative review
type: item
description: INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an increasingly common pregnancy‑related metabolic disorder associated with maternal and perinatal morbidity and an elevated long‑term risk of type 2 diabetes. Effective management relies on structured glucose monitoring, medical nutrition therapy and adequate physical activity, with pharmacotherapy required when lifestyle measures alone do not achieve glycaemic targets. Sustained self‑management is often difficult, particularly when access to specialist care and structured diabetes education is limited. Mobile health technologies offer new options to support daily GDM management. This narrative review summarises recent evidence on smartphone‑based applications for GDM self‑management, focusing on core functions, clinical effectiveness and patient‑reported outcomes, as well as key implementation challenges. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE: GDM‑specific applications support glucose logging, graphical feedback, alerts, lifestyle counselling and secure communication with health‑care professionals. These tools appear feasible and acceptable, with high user satisfaction and reports of greater convenience, perceived support and better understanding of GDM. Quantitative data generally indicate non‑inferior glycaemic control compared with conventional care, with some improvements in postprandial glucose and selected maternal and neonatal outcomes, although the evidence base remains limited. SUMMARY (CONCLUSION): Available data support smartphone‑based applications as a promising adjunct to standard GDM care, reinforcing key elements of self‑management and enabling flexible remote surveillance. Further multicentre trials and detailed evaluation of features that sustain engagement and improve clinically meaningful outcomes are required, together with user‑centred design and careful integration of digital decision‑support into antenatal and postpartum diabetes care.
creator: Anna Izabela Garbacz
creator: Paweł Kosiorek
creator: Agnieszka Radziwonka
creator: Bartłomiej Maciej Wrochna
creator: Anna Olborska
creator: Ada Niezgoda
creator: Gabriela Stondzik
creator: Tomasz Majszyk
creator: Jacek Głuski
creator: Agnieszka Brzozowska
creator: Patrycja Borowiecka
creator: Aleksandra Węglarz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Anna Izabela Garbacz, Paweł Kosiorek , Agnieszka Radziwonka, Bartłomiej Maciej Wrochna, Anna Olborska, Ada Niezgoda, Gabriela Stondzik, Tomasz Majszyk, Jacek Głuski, Agnieszka Brzozowska, Patrycja Anna Borowiecka, Aleksandra Węglarz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-21
publication date: 2026-02-21
volume: 88
starting page: 68843
ending page: 68843
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68843

The Role of Gut Microbiota-Targeted Interventions in the Treatment of Depression
type: item
description: Aim: This review summarizes current evidence on the role of gut microbiota modulation using probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in the treatment of depression, with particular emphasis on clinical studies and mechanisms of the gut–brain axis. Introduction: Depression is a prevalent mood disorder affecting more than 280 million people worldwide and is often resistant to standard pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments. Growing evidence from animal and human studies indicates that gut microbiota influences brain function and emotional regulation. Dysbiosis may contribute to neuroinflammation, altered neurotransmitter activity, and dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, thereby worsening depressive symptoms. Methods: A review of meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials published between 2016 and 2024 was conducted. Studies included adults with depression or comorbid depression and anxiety who received probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics. Depression severity was assessed using validated clinical scales. Results: Probiotic supplementation, particularly multi-strain formulations containing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, was associated with significant reductions in depressive symptoms. Proposed mechanisms include modulation of gut microbiota composition, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6), regulation of the HPA axis, effects on neurotransmitter metabolism (serotonin, dopamine, GABA), production of short-chain fatty acids, and vagus nerve activation. Synbiotics may enhance these effects, whereas prebiotics alone showed inconsistent outcomes. Conclusion: Probiotics and synbiotics appear to be safe and promising adjuncts to standard depression treatment. Targeting the gut–brain axis may represent a future direction for personalized psychiatric interventions.
creator: Justyna Jusiak
creator: Michalina Janiszewska
creator: Maria Łazik
creator: Janusz Łuczak
creator: Paulina Sobkowiak
creator: Maciej Sobkowiak
creator: Justyna Dżumaga
creator: Jeremi Łuczak
creator: Roksana Dybowska
creator: Marta Walaszek
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Justyna Jusiak, Michalina Janiszewska, Maria Łazik, Janusz Łuczak, Paulina Sobkowiak, Maciej Sobkowiak, Justyna Dżumaga, Jeremi Łuczak, Roksana Dybowska, Marta Walaszek https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-14
publication date: 2026-02-14
volume: 88
starting page: 67972
ending page: 67972
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.67972

Subclinical Iron Deficiency in Athletes - Diagnostics, Consequences, and Management Strategies: A Narrative Review
type: item
description: Background:Subclinical iron deficiency is common in physically active populations,especially among female and endurance athletes, and may impair oxygen transport,mitochondrial energy production,and training adaptation before anemia develops.Exercise-related mechanisms (hemolysis,gastrointestinal loss,hepcidin-mediated reduced absorption) and dietary factors contribute to chronically low iron stores.Aim:To summarize evidence on diagnostic criteria,physiological and performance-related consequences,and management strategies for subclinical iron deficiency in athletes.Methods:A narrative review of peer-reviewed human studies was conducted using PubMed, Scopus,Web of Science,SPORTDiscus,CINAHL,and the Cochrane Library.Studies in competitive or highly trained athletes reporting diagnostic approaches,prevalence,performance or health outcomes,or management strategies were included.Results:Diagnostic criteria vary, with ferritin cut-offs of 20 - 40 μg/L most often used and limited consensus on sport-specific thresholds or routine use of transferrin saturation,soluble transferrin receptor,and hepcidin.Non-anemic iron deficiency affects ~35% of male and up to 60% of female athletes, with the highest prevalence in adolescents and endurance or aesthetic sports. Low iron stores are linked to reduced endurance, lower maximal aerobic capacity, increased fatigue, and possibly blunted training adaptation,while effects on anaerobic performance are inconsistent. Management emphasizes periodic screening,dietary strategies to improve iron bioavailability,and targeted oral supplementation timed to limit hepcidin-related malabsorption; intravenous iron is reserved for selected cases. Conclusions:Subclinical iron deficiency is common,under-recognized, and clinically relevant in athletes. Standardized,sport-specific diagnostic criteria,early screening,and individualized,evidence-based interventions delivered by multidisciplinary teams are essential for effective prevention and management.
creator: Mikołaj Olszok
creator: Daniel Wijas
creator: Michał Kluś
creator: Bartłomiej Kozdra
creator: Natalia Makselan
creator: Natalia Nawrat
creator: Karolina Handzel
creator: Antoni Anczyk
creator: Krzysztof Karbowiak
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mikołaj Olszok, Daniel Wijas, Michał Kluś, Bartłomiej Kozdra, Natalia Makselan, Natalia Nawrat, Karolina Handzel, Antoni Anczyk, Krzysztof Karbowiak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-12
publication date: 2026-03-12
volume: 88
starting page: 69380
ending page: 69380
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.69380

Bone and joint infections: clinical forms, risk factors, prevention, etiology, diagnosis and treatment
type: item
description: Bone and joint infections pose many threats to human life and health. The scope of knowledge and skills to deal with this problem has improved significantly in recent years. The chosen direction should be continued so that we can prevent and treat bone and joint infections with the highest possible effectiveness.
creator: Paweł Arkadiusz Malmur
creator: Aleksandra Romanowska
creator: Weronika Biaduń-Mućko
creator: Kinga Rogowska-Borettini
creator: Aleksandra Padkowska
creator: Jakub Maciej Pieniążek
creator: Klaudia Arciszewska
creator: Mateusz Dobosz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Paweł Arkadiusz Malmur, Aleksandra Romanowska, Weronika Biaduń-Mućko, Kinga Rogowska-Borettini, Aleksandra Padkowska, Jakub Maciej Pieniążek, Klaudia Arciszewska, Mateusz Dobosz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
volume: 88
starting page: 68160
ending page: 68160
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68160

Use of myo-inositol in treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism
type: item
description: Introduction Myo-inositol is a widely researched compound that is prevalent in nature. Its properties have been thoroughly analyzed, and its role in transduction of hormonal signal in cells has been proven. It is an important substrate for the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate, which is then broken down by phospholipase C, resulting in the activation of various cellular cascades. Due to this fact, this substance has been found to have many clinical applications, such as PCOS, diabetes, fertility disorders and neurological disorders. The use of myo-inositol in the treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism has been proposed due to the fact that the TSH receptor activates the aforementioned cascade, resulting in numerous clinical studies investigating the applications of this molecule in this condition. Aim. The aim of this study is to review the current knowledge regarding the impact of myo-inositol supplementation on subclinical hypothyroidism. Materials and methods. A search of PubMed and Google Scholar was carried out. Only studies concerning the use of myo-inositol on subclinical hypothyroidism were included, while studies investigating only overt hypothyroidism, euthyroidism, or other illnesses without subclinical hypothyroidism were excluded. Results. All of the studies discussed in this review show that supplementation with myo-inositol helps to reduce TSH levels, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), and improves the overall health of patients, while being a relatively safe compound with only a few negligible side effects. Conclusion. Myo-inositol is a safe and reliable compound that can be used in the treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism. In the future it may be used as a first line treatment for this disorder.
creator: Kacper Szada-Borzyszkowski
creator: Konstancja Owczarenko
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kacper Szada-Borzyszkowski, Konstancja Owczarenko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-19
publication date: 2026-02-19
volume: 88
starting page: 68715
ending page: 68715
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68715

https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/68334
type: item
title: Effectiveness of Different Intranasal Corticosteroid Delivery Methods in the Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Comparative Review of Sprays, High-volume Irrigations, Exhalation Delivery Systems and Steroid-Eluting Stents.
description: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common inflammatory condition of the nose and paranasal sinuses persisting for 12 weeks or more. It is associated with substantial symptom burden and reduced quality of life. While intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) continue to be the baseline of treatment, their clinical efficacy is often hindered by suboptimal delivery. In order to improve patients' quality of life and decrease topical corticosteroid usage, special attention is paid to the role of health education in both the prevention and therapy of the condition. Aim: This study aims to systematically compare the effectiveness and clinical outcomes of four major intranasal corticosteroid (INCS) delivery methods - conventional sprays, high-volume rinses, exhalation delivery systems, and steroid-eluting stents - in the management of CRSwNP. Material and methods of research: This study is a brief review of the available literature mainly in the PubMed database and a comparison of the effectiveness of different intranasal corticosteroid delivery methods, with a focus on their therapeutic approach. Particular focus is given to adapting delivery method to patient’s condition and medical history. Specifically, the review evaluates patient-relevant outcomes, including disease-specific quality of life, symptom control, polyp size reduction, and the need for surgical intervention. By addressing these objectives, this study seeks to provide clinicians with concise guide for selecting the most appropriate delivery method tailored to individual patient and clinical context. Results: Across RCTs and systematic reviews, all topical corticosteroid strategies outperform placebo. Methods that enhance sinonasal deposition (high-volume irrigations and EDS) demonstrate larger and more consistent effects on polyp size and patient-reported outcomes than conventional sprays, particularly in post-surgical anatomy.
creator: Zuzanna Kowalska
creator: Maciej Bulwa
creator: Małgorzata Filak
creator: Katarzyna Cetera-Szmajduch
creator: Anna Byra
creator: Marta Kowalczyk
creator: Jan Frey
creator: Alicja Białas
creator: Krzysztof Miazga
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Zuzanna Kowalska, Maciej Bulwa, Małgorzata Filak, Katarzyna Cetera-Szmajduch , Anna Byra, Marta Kowalczyk, Jan Frey, Alicja Białas, Krzysztof Miazga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-17
publication date: 2026-02-17
volume: 88
starting page: 68334
ending page: 68334
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68334

Pregabalin as a Therapeutic Option for Neuropathic Pain in Oncology Patients: A Review of Literature
type: item
description: Introduction. Neuropathic pain is a complex and debilitating condition resulting from damage to, or disease of, the somatosensory nervous system. In oncology, it represents a significant clinical challenge, occurring in up to 40% of cancer patients. Effective management of neuropathic pain in oncological patients remains difficult, as standard analgesic regimens, including opioids, are often insufficient or associated with adverse effects that limit their use. Aim. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of pregabalin in the management of neuropathic pain among cancer patients, with particular emphasis on its role in neuropathy induced by chemotherapy, radiotherapy and postmastectomy pain syndrome. Material and Methods. A comprehensive search of the PubMed database was conducted to identify only English- language studies published between 2019 and 2025 using the keywords: “pregabalin,” “neuropathic pain,” and “cancer.” Eligible full-text articles were analyzed with regard to methodology and outcomes. State of Knowledge. Pregabalin, a ligand of the α₂δ subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels, is one of the first-line agents in the treatment of neuropathic pain according to current EFNS and NeuPSIG guidelines. The efficacy of pregabalin appears to be variable. Conclusions. Pregabalin has demonstrated a significant effect in reducing neuropathic pain in cancer patients. Differences in its therapeutic efficacy appear to depend on tumor type, the mechanism of neural tissue injury, drug dosage, and concomitant use of opioids or agents from other pharmacological classes. Furthermore, assessment of long-term safety and the impact of treatment on quality of life in oncology patients should remain a key focus of subsequent clinical trials.
creator: Sylwia Kozieł-Kwit
creator: Klaudia Kozyra
creator: Aleksandra Sado
creator: Krzysztof Szada-Borzyszkowski
creator: Mariusz Wręczycki
creator: Filip Skowierzak
creator: Kacper Sawczuk
creator: Wiktoria Rogowska
creator: Aleksandra Simlat
creator: Bartłomiej Lisik
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sylwia Kozieł-Kwit, Klaudia Kozyra, Aleksandra Sado, Krzysztof Szada-Borzyszkowski, Mariusz Wręczycki, Filip Skowierzak, Kacper Sawczuk, Wiktoria Rogowska, Aleksandra Simlat, Bartłomiej Lisik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-10
publication date: 2026-03-10
volume: 88
starting page: 69370
ending page: 69370
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.69370

Shockwave therapy for coronary calcification: the evolving role of intravascular lithotripsy in coronary interventions
type: item
description: Severely calcified coronary lesions represent a significant challenge during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), often limiting optimal stent deployment and increasing the risk of procedural complications. Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is an emerging technology designed to modify calcified plaques through the application of acoustic shockwaves, offering a safer and more controlled alternative to traditional atherectomy. Aim of the Study: This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) technique, its mechanism of action, indications, and contraindications. Additionally, it evaluates the procedural efficacy, safety profile, and clinical outcomes of IVL based on current clinical trial data and real-world experience. Material and Methods: A narrative review was conducted, incorporating findings from major clinical trials (Disrupt CAD I–IV) and observational registries, with a focus on procedural success, complication rates, and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). The review includes comparative analysis of IVL outcomes in de novo lesions, in-stent restenosis (ISR), chronic total occlusions (CTO), and complex anatomical scenarios. Conclusions: IVL is a highly effective and safe modality for the modification of calcified coronary lesions. It consistently demonstrates procedural success rates exceeding 90%, with a low incidence of complications such as perforation or dissection. Clinical efficacy is sustained in both short- and long-term follow-up, with low MACE rates observed across studies. IVL is particularly valuable in cases resistant to conventional techniques. However, limitations related to cost, access, and certain patient populations necessitate further randomized studies to establish its role as a standard of care.
creator: Piotr Jóźwiak
creator: Adam Rybak
creator: Maria Wysieńska
creator: Weronika Biaduń-Mućko
creator: Kinga Rogowska-Borettini
creator: Aleksandra Romanowska
creator: Paweł Arkadiusz Malmur
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Piotr Jóźwiak, Adam Rybak, Maria Wysieńska, Weronika Biaduń-Mućko, Kinga Rogowska-Borettini, Aleksandra Romanowska, Paweł Arkadiusz Malmur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
volume: 88
starting page: 68121
ending page: 68121
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68121

Large Language Models as Patient Education Tools in Hypothyroidism: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Dietary, Pharmacological, and Safety Recommendations
type: item
description: Background. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide and requires lifelong management. Due to the chronic nature of the disease and persistent symptoms despite biochemical euthyroidism, patients frequently seek online advice on dietary restrictions, supplementation, and pharmacotherapy. Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT are increasingly used as sources of patient education; however, their consistency with established clinical guidelines, particularly those relevant to European and Polish populations, remains insufficiently evaluated. Aim. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive cross-sectional analysis of the accuracy, safety, and concordance of ChatGPT-4o responses with international clinical guidelines and clinical practice across four domains: diet/lifestyle, pharmacotherapy, supplementation, and common myths/safety. Materials and Methods., Thirty-five standardized patient prompts reflecting real-world clinical questions were analyzed. Responses generated by ChatGPT-4o (January 2026) were assessed using a 3-point concordance scale based on recommendations from the Polish Endocrine Society (PTE), European Thyroid Association (ETA), and relevant peer-reviewed literature. Results. Overall concordance with clinical guidelines was high (91.4%). The strongest performance was observed in pharmacotherapy-related questions and safety-critical scenarios, including pregnancy and drug interactions. Minor limitations concerned dosing nuances for certain supplements, where the AI occasionally adopted a more optimistic approach than conservative clinical recommendations. Conclusions. ChatGPT shows high potential as a supportive educational tool for patients with hypothyroidism, providing guidance largely consistent with Evidence-Based Medicine and current PTE/ETA standards. However, due to limited nuance in “grey area” topics, it should complement rather than replace professional endocrinological consultation.
creator: Patryk Hebda
creator: Mateusz Kubicki
creator: Andrii Bilyk
creator: Maria Król
creator: Przemysław Kołodziej
creator: Roman Cemaga
creator: Adam Wolski
creator: Natalia Marta Bruska
creator: Ewa Szplit
creator: Katarzyna Więckowska
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Patryk Hebda, Mateusz Kubicki, Andrii Bilyk, Maria Król, Przemysław Kołodziej, Roman Cemaga, Adam Wolski, Natalia Marta Bruska, Ewa Szplit, Katarzyna Więckowska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-08
publication date: 2026-03-08
volume: 88
starting page: 68691
ending page: 68691
doi: 10.12775/JEHSS.2026.88.68691

The Role of Physical Activity in the Prevention and Treatment of Depressive Disorders
type: item
description: Background: Depressive disorders are among the leading contributors to global disability, affecting millions worldwide and imposing a major burden on public health systems. While pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy remain primary treatment modalities, physical activity (PA) has emerged as a promising strategy for both prevention and treatment of depression. Methods: This narrative review synthesizes evidence from high-quality meta-analyses, systematic reviews, prospective cohorts, randomized trials, and mechanistic research published between 2000 and 2025. Studies were selected based on relevance to PA’s preventive or therapeutic effects on depression and its underlying mechanisms. Results: Robust evidence indicates that higher levels of PA reduce the risk of incident depression by approximately 15–30% across populations [1–4]. Longitudinal studies demonstrate temporal and dose–response associations, fulfilling several Bradford Hill criteria. Exercise interventions produce moderate-to-large therapeutic effects in adults [5–7], significant improvements in adolescents and young adults [8], and additional benefits across perinatal, elderly, and medically comorbid groups [9–12]. Mechanistic research highlights neurobiological pathways, anti-inflammatory responses, autonomic improvements, enhanced cognitive function, and psychosocial resilience [13–18]. Conclusion: PA is a safe, feasible, and clinically meaningful intervention for preventing depressive disorders and improving outcomes among individuals with depression. Integrating structured exercise and lifestyle PA counselling within mental health and primary-care settings may enhance recovery, reduce cardiometabolic risk, and improve long-term prognosis.
creator: Katarzyna Młynarczyk
creator: Sylwia Buczek
creator: Karolina Bury
creator: Ewa Byjoś
creator: Katarzyna Fabiś
creator: Patrycja Mateja
creator: Kamila Milewska
creator: Weronika Mstowska
creator: Hanna Naliuka
creator: Mateusz Zbylut
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Katarzyna Młynarczyk, Sylwia Buczek, Karolina Bury; Ewa Byjoś; Katarzyna Fabiś, Patrycja Mateja, Kamila Milewska, Weronika Mstowska, Hanna Naliuka, Mateusz Zbylut https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-17
publication date: 2026-02-17
volume: 88
starting page: 68326
ending page: 68326
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68326

Minimally Invasive Surgery: Principles, Clinical Outcomes and Impact on Postoperative Functional Recovery – A Literature Review
type: item
description: Background: Many operations once performed through large incisions are now routinely completed with laparoscopic or other minimally invasive methods, and the use of robotic assistance continues to expand. Postoperative functional recovery is increasingly emphasized alongside morbidity, mortality, and oncologic safety. Aim: To review core principles of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and summarize reported clinical outcomes and early functional recovery across multiple specialties. Methods: A narrative review of PubMed-indexed randomized trials, prospective audits, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses was performed, focusing on colorectal, abdominal wall, urologic, gynecologic, thoracic, bariatric, and selected cardiac procedures. Evidence on learning curves, conversion, perioperative stress and inflammatory responses, and comparisons between laparoscopy and robotics was integrated. Results: Across many procedures, MIS has frequently been associated with lower short-term pain and opioid requirements, shorter hospitalization, and earlier mobilization compared with open surgery, although effects appear procedure and context dependent. Conversion from a minimally invasive procedure to an open operation, meaning cases that begin laparoscopically or robotically but must be completed through a larger incision, remains clinically relevant and may influence reported outcomes. Conclusions: The current literature generally suggests that MIS is an important component of contemporary surgical care and a foundation for ongoing technological integration. Additional high-quality comparative studies and health-economic analyses may help define where robotic assistance provides meaningful added value. Keywords: minimally invasive surgery; laparoscopic surgery; postoperative recovery; surgical outcomes; functional recovery; robotic surgery; clinical complications
creator: John Koladzyn
creator: Kai Siemaszko
creator: Mahmoud Badran
creator: Gabriela Jankowski
creator: Marianna Jankowski
creator: Luiza Wasilewski
creator: Gregory Twombly
creator: Weronika Margielewska
creator: Anna Słodyczka
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 John Koladzyn, Kai Siemaszko, Mahmoud Badran, Gabriela Jankowski , Marianna Jankowski, Luiza Wasilewski , Gregory Twombly, Weronika Margielewska, Anna Słodyczka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-11
publication date: 2026-03-11
volume: 88
starting page: 69358
ending page: 69358
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.69358

The Use of Rotational Atherectomy in the Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease – A Review of Efficacy, Safety, and Clinical Indications
type: item
description: Coronary artery disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a common treatment. The presence of calcified plaques often makes the procedure difficult, as they limit vessel expansion and proper stent placement. To improve outcomes, several plaque modification techniques have been developed. One of the most widely used is rotational atherectomy (RA). This method employs a diamond-coated burr that rotates at high speed, selectively removing hard, calcified tissue while sparing the softer vessel wall. RA is mainly used as a supportive technique to prepare the lesion and enable effective balloon angioplasty and stent implantation.
creator: Maria Wysieńska
creator: Piotr Jóźwiak
creator: Adam Rybak
creator: Weronika Biaduń-Mućko
creator: Kinga Rogowska-Borettini
creator: Aleksandra Romanowska
creator: Paweł Arkadiusz Malmur
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Wysieńska, Piotr Jóźwiak, Adam Rybak, Weronika Biaduń-Mućko, Kinga Rogowska-Borettini, Aleksandra Romanowska, Paweł Arkadiusz Malmur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-19
publication date: 2026-02-19
volume: 88
starting page: 68098
ending page: 68098
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68098

Lactational Mastitis - Epidemiology, Etiopathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis and Management
type: item
description: Introduction and purpose: Breastfeeding offers numerous health advantages for both infants and mothers and is recommended worldwide. Lactational mastitis is a frequent breastfeeding problem that may cause breast pain, systemic symptoms and early weaning. This review aims to provide an overview of current knowledge on lactational mastitis, emphasizing its epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, risk factors, clinical features, diagnostic criteria and treatment options, including the influence of human milk microbiota and probiotics. Material and methods: A narrative review was carried out using databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. The review included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, observational studies and international guidelines. State of knowledge: Lactational mastitis encompasses a range of inflammatory breast conditions with various causes, including milk retention, nipple trauma, bacterial infection and disruption of microbiota balance. Increasing evidence points to the importance of milk microbiota dysbiosis in disease development. Treatment focuses on early non-drug interventions, continuation of breastfeeding and selective use of antibiotics, while emerging data suggest that probiotics may be beneficial as adjunctive or preventive strategies. Conclusions: Lactational mastitis should be recognized as a complex inflammatory disorder rather than a simple bacterial infection. Prompt non-pharmacological treatment, breastfeeding support and careful antibiotic use are key management components, while probiotics may represent a promising adjunct in selected cases, potentially reducing recurrence and supporting breastfeeding continuation.
creator: Michał Włodarczyk
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Michał Włodarczyk https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-19
publication date: 2026-02-19
volume: 88
starting page: 68546
ending page: 68546
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68546

VEXAS Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Mimickers and Differential Diagnosis at the Rheumatology–Haematology Interface
type: item
description: VEXAS syndrome is a newly described autoimmune disorder in adults caused by a somatic mutation in the UBA1 gene located on the X chromosome, occurring almost exclusively in older men. The disease combines features of severe chronic inflammation with hematopoietic disorders, resulting in a heterogeneous and multi-organ clinical picture and frequent diagnostic difficulties. The aim of this study is to present the characteristics of VEXAS syndrome and discuss the most important diseases mimicking its course, with particular emphasis on differential diagnosis. The clinical picture of the syndrome includes recurrent fever, neutrophilic skin lesions, chondritis, vasculitis, lung involvement, and an increased tendency to thrombosis. Haematological abnormalities, primarily macrocytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia, often coexisting with myelodysplastic syndromes, are an integral part of the disease. A characteristic, though not pathognomonic, finding is the presence of cytoplasmic vacuoles in myeloid and erythroid precursors in the bone marrow. VEXAS syndrome can mimic many rheumatological, autoinflammatory, and haematological diseases, such as recurrent chondritis, Sweet's syndrome, or systemic vasculitis, and its course is often characterized by resistance to standard immunosuppressive treatment. Including VEXAS syndrome in the differential diagnosis of older men with unexplained inflammation and macrocytosis is crucial for shortening the time to diagnosis and implementing appropriate treatment.
creator: Hanna Aleksandrowicz
creator: Zuzanna Kalinowska
creator: Julia Sokołowska
creator: Karolina Karska
creator: Katarzyna Grunwald
creator: Marcel Dawidowicz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hanna Aleksandrowicz, Zuzanna Kalinowska, Julia Sokołowska , Karolina Karska, Katarzyna Grunwald, Marcel Dawidowicz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-10
publication date: 2026-03-10
volume: 88
starting page: 69345
ending page: 69345
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.69345

Impact of Creatine Supplementation on Muscle and Bone Strength in Older Adults: A Narrative Review
type: item
description: Introduction and purpose: Age-related declines in skeletal muscle mass and strength, together with bone loss, reduce physical performance and increase frailty and fall risk in older adults. Creatine supplementation has been proposed as a supportive and potentially preventive strategy due to its role in cellular energy buffering and its capacity to augment exercise training adaptations. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on the effects of creatine supplementation on muscle strength and function and on bone-related outcomes in older adults. Review methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. Peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2025 examining creatine supplementation and muscle- or bone-related outcomes in adults were included. Brief description of the state of knowledge: Evidence from randomized trials and meta-analyses indicates that creatine supplementation combined with progressive resistance training increases lean mass and improves dynamic strength and functional performance in older adults more consistently than resistance training alone. Mechanistically, benefits are biologically plausible through increased intramuscular creatine/phosphocreatine availability, improved high-intensity exercise capacity, and downstream anabolic signaling that supports training responsiveness. In contrast, effects on areal bone mineral density measured by DXA are generally neutral in long-term trials and pooled analyses. Summary (conclusions): Creatine is a well-studied supplement that, when paired with resistance training, reliably enhances lean mass and muscle strength in older adults. Current evidence does not support creatine as an effective stand-alone strategy to increase areal BMD, but potential benefits warrant further adequately powered, long-duration trials, particularly in sarcopenic and osteopenic populations.
creator: Paweł Michalak
creator: Konrad Borowski
creator: Oskar Pastuszek
creator: Maja Radziwon
creator: Emilia Bolesta-Okuniewska
creator: Aleksandra Marchwińska-Pancer
creator: Katarzyna Kopeć
creator: Julia Ceryn
creator: Anna Wicher
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Paweł Michalak, Konrad Borowski, Oskar Pastuszek, Maja Radziwon, Emilia Bolesta-Okuniewska, Aleksandra Marchwińska-Pancer, Katarzyna Kopeć, Julia Ceryn, Anna Wicher https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-14
publication date: 2026-02-14
volume: 88
starting page: 68067
ending page: 68067
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68067

Exercise Addiction Among Youth As a Behavioral Addiction – a narrative review
type: item
description: Background. Understanding behavioral addictions, including exercise addiction, is crucial to comprehend their consequences. The development of a behavioral addictions group suggests that current knowledge about dysfunctional activities is incomplete, especially in youth. Aim. The aim of this review was to combine the existing evidence on behavioral addictions, especially exercise addiction, in youth, in the context of evolving classification and the growing trends promoting inappropriate forms of physical activity. Material and methods. We analyzed 111 studies and reviews describing various aspects of exercise addiction in youth, prioritizing mechanisms of development, risk factors, diagnostic and therapeutic methods, based on data from groups of adolescents or young adults. Results. Findings of the review showed that the literature addressing exercise addiction among adolescents is limited. Common mechanisms can be recognized, including those related to personality traits, body self-awareness, and environmental influences. Many risk factors were identified and linked with the type of sport practiced, cultural impacts, and other mental disorders, mostly eating disorders and body image disturbance. Current diagnostic and therapeutic processes, although partially studied among youth, remain unstructured. Discussion. Available sources are based primarily on adults. Due to the specification of adolescence, described findings are insufficient to clearly define the excessive exercise in youth. The development of a unified psychiatric approach, enabling early identification of high-risk individuals and prevention of addiction, is limited. Conclusions. Exercise addiction and other behavioral addictions in youth are a promising topic that requires further research.
creator: Karolina Paluchowicz
creator: Katarzyna Siwicka
creator: Konrad Szewczyk
creator: Laura Janasik
creator: Patrycja Kociucka
creator: Krzysztof Sadowski
creator: Julia Modelska
creator: Anita Jeleń
creator: Anna Podolska
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Karolina Paluchowicz, Katarzyna Siwicka, Konrad Szewczyk, Laura Janasik, Patrycja Kociucka, Krzysztof Sadowski, Julia Modelska, Anita Jeleń, Anna Podolska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-21
publication date: 2026-02-21
volume: 88
starting page: 68550
ending page: 68550
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68550

Assessment of the relationship between the type of motivation to study and the sense of generalized self-efficacy among nursing students
type: item
description: Introduction The choice of a field of study is one of the key moments in a person’s life, determining not only their future professional career but also shaping their personal and social identity as well as their position in the labor market. Motivation plays a significant role in educational and career decision-making, particularly with regard to choosing a nursing career path, which involves high social responsibility and specific psychological and emotional demands. Aim of the Study The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the type of motivation for studying and the level of generalized self-efficacy among nursing students. Material and Methods The study included 238 undergraduate nursing students from the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Bielsko-Biala. The research was conducted between November 2024 and January 2025. Data were collected using the diagnostic survey method with an original questionnaire and standardized research tools: the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) and the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). Results The most frequently indicated type of motivation among nursing students was “external motivation – identified regulation” (mean = 5.72), followed by “external motivation – external regulation” (mean = 5.3) and “intrinsic motivation – to know” (mean = 5.3). The study group demonstrated a high level of generalized self-efficacy (mean ± SD: 31.98 ± 4.37). A high level was observed in 73.11% of participants, a moderate level in 23.11%, and a low level in only 3.78% of students. Conclusions The decision to undertake nursing studies among students of the University of Bielsko-Biala was mainly based on external motivation—identified and external regulation—as well as intrinsic motivation resulting from the need for knowledge. A significant relationship was found between the type of motivation and the level of self-efficacy.
creator: Joanna Ziemiańska
creator: Bożena Krawczyk
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Joanna Ziemiańska, Bożena Krawczyk https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-25
publication date: 2026-02-25
volume: 88
starting page: 69155
ending page: 69155
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.69155

Breastfeeding and postpartum depression mechanisms and care
type: item
description: Objective: To synthesize evidence on the association between breastfeeding and postpartum depression, emphasizing bidirectionality, proposed mechanisms, key modifiers (self-efficacy, stress and social support), and integrated intervention strategies. Methods: Narrative review of the peer-reviewed literature provided by the author, prioritizing meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized trials, and large observational or qualitative studies. Results: Across settings, postpartum depressive symptoms are associated with reduced breastfeeding initiation, exclusivity, and duration. Early cessation and negative breastfeeding experiences are also associated with higher depressive symptom burden in some populations. Self-efficacy and social support consistently correlate with both mood and feeding outcomes, and stress appears to amplify risk. Interventions spanning pregnancy through the postpartum period and combining lactation support with psychosocial care show the most consistent promise. Conclusions: Because breastfeeding and postpartum depression influence one another and share modifiable determinants, clinical pathways should integrate screening, individualized feeding support, and stepped mental health care.
creator: Michalina Janiszewska
creator: Maciej Sobkowiak
creator: Paulina Sobkowiak
creator: Justyna Jusiak
creator: Janusz Łuczak
creator: Justyna Dżumaga
creator: Jeremi Łuczak
creator: Maria Łazik
creator: Roksana Dybowska
creator: Marta Walaszek
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Michalina Janiszewska, Maciej Sobkowiak, Paulina Sobkowiak, Justyna Jusiak, Janusz Łuczak, Justyna Dżumaga, Jeremi Łuczak, Maria Łazik, Roksana Dybowska, Marta Walaszek https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-14
publication date: 2026-02-14
volume: 88
starting page: 68043
ending page: 68043
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68043

Therapeutic Potential and Safety Profile of Withania somnifera in Health and Sports Science: A Comprehensive Narrative Review
type: item
description: Introduction and Purpose: Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is a leading adaptogen in phytotherapy and sports nutrition. This review evaluates scientific evidence (2015–2024) regarding its impact on mental health, physical performance, and safety profile. Material and Methods: A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing on RCTs, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published between 2018 and 2024. Twenty-three high-quality sources were selected for analysis. Results: Ashwagandha supplementation significantly reduces serum cortisol and alleviates symptoms of anxiety and stress. In sports medicine, it is associated with increased muscle strength (1RM) and power, improved VO₂ max, and accelerated recovery, evidenced by reduced creatine kinase levels. Furthermore, it improves sleep quality and cognitive functions. While generally well-tolerated, rare cases of idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity and clinically significant interactions with thyroid and immunosuppressive medications have been documented. Conclusion: Ashwagandha exhibits substantial therapeutic potential as an ergogenic and anxiolytic agent. Despite high-level evidence of its efficacy, the risk of rare adverse events and drug interactions necessitates medical supervision. Future research should prioritize long-term safety monitoring and dosing standardization.
creator: Dominika Żukowiecka-Sęga
creator: Monika Wandasiewicz
creator: Zofia Kosztyła-Czech
creator: Jagoda Węgrzyn
creator: Kinga Marciniak
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dominika Żukowiecka-Sęga, Monika Wandasiewicz, Zofia Kosztyła-Czech, Jagoda Węgrzyn, Kinga Marciniak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-19
publication date: 2026-02-19
volume: 88
starting page: 68481
ending page: 68481
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68481

Psychosomatic Disorders and the Physician-Patient Relationship - A Review
type: item
description: Introduction and Aim: Psychosomatic disorders present a significant challenge in medicine, where somatic symptoms are closely connected to psychological and social factors. Family physicians play a central role in recognizing and managing these patients, whose complex needs often lead to repeated consultations and increased healthcare utilization. This review aims to analyze the physician-patient relationship in the care of patients with psychosomatic disorders and its impact on diagnosis and treatment. Materials and Methods: The study is a literature review including scientific articles, monographs and textbooks in family medicine, psychosomatics and clinical psychology. Literature was searched in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Publications were selected based on relevance, scientific value and focus on physician-patient interaction, communication, patient personality traits and the role of Balint groups. State of Knowledge: Psychosomatic disorders manifest in cardiovascular diseases, peptic ulcers, eating disorders, skin diseases and sleep disorders with psychological factors influencing symptom development and course. Effective care relies on a biopsychosocial approach, empathetic communication and physician awareness of relational dynamics. Participation in Balint groups enhances empathy, improves patient communication and reduces physician burnout. Conclusions: The physician-patient relationship is a key therapeutic tool in psychosomatic care. Holistic treatment addressing both somatic and psychological needs, combined with effective communication and physician self-awareness, improves patient outcomes and fosters long-term therapeutic engagement.
creator: Michał Włodarczyk
creator: Maria Skommer
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Michał Włodarczyk, Maria Skommer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-16
publication date: 2026-02-16
volume: 88
starting page: 68244
ending page: 68244
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68244

Postoperative neurological symptoms after anesthesia - diagnostic challenges, pathophysiology and a review of uncommon cases
type: item
description: Introduction: Postoperative neurological symptoms following anesthesia are uncommon but may pose significant diagnostic challenges in the perioperative period. These manifestations can range from transient focal deficits to delayed or atypical neurological syndromes, and may occur in the absence of clear structural pathology. Diagnostic uncertainty is frequently compounded by residual anesthetic effects, perioperative physiological disturbances, and overlap with surgical or systemic complications. Material and methods: A review of selected literature was conducted using the PubMed database. The search was performed using keywords including “postoperative neurological symptoms,” “anesthesia,” “neurological complications,” “delayed emergence,” “functional neurological disorders,” and “case reports”. Summary: Reported postoperative neurological presentations include focal neurological deficits mimicking acute cerebrovascular events, movement disorders, cranial nerve dysfunction, visual and sensory disturbances, alterations in consciousness, functional neurological presentations, and delayed-onset symptoms emerging after initial recovery. These cases highlight the heterogeneity of postoperative neurological phenomena and suggest that multiple interacting mechanisms, rather than a single causative pathway, may contribute to their development. Conclusions: Uncommon postoperative neurological symptoms associated with anesthesia remain diagnostically challenging and are primarily documented through isolated case reports and targeted reviews. Awareness of atypical presentations and careful clinical evaluation may assist in avoiding misdiagnosis and unnecessary interventions. Further systematic investigation may help clarify contributing factors and inform perioperative management strategies. Keywords: Postoperative neurological symptoms; anesthesia; diagnostic challenges; case reports; uncommon complications.
creator: John Koladzyn
creator: Kai Siemaszko
creator: Mahmoud Badran
creator: Gabriela Jankowski
creator: Marianna Jankowski
creator: Luiza Wasilewski
creator: Gregory Twombly
creator: Weronika Margielewska
creator: Anna Słodyczka
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 John Koladzyn, Kai Siemaszko, Mahmoud Badran, Gabriela Jankowski, Marianna Jankowski, Luiza Wasilewski, Gregory Twombly, Weronika Margielewska, Anna Słodyczka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-21
publication date: 2026-02-21
volume: 88
starting page: 69100
ending page: 69100
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.69100

How Does the Use of Dating Apps Relate to Physical Health Behaviors and Mental Health? A Narrative Review
type: item
description: Dating applications have becom e a central component of contemporary romantic and s ocial interactions, particular ly among adolescents, young ad ults, and emerging adults. While the se platforms offer opportuniti es for social connection, accu mulating evidence suggests tha t dating app use may be associ ated with a range of mental health outco mes and physical health–relate d behaviors. Research in this area remains fragmented, with findings dispersed across psychological, behavioral, and public health disciplines. Aim. The aim of this narrative revi ew is to synthesize and critic ally analyze existing research on the relationship between datin g app use, mental health outco mes, and physical health behaviors. Material and methods. A narrative review of peer- reviewed literature was conduc ted using articles provided by the author. The included studies encompass ed cross-sectional, longitudin al, diary-based, and review designs examining d ating app use in relation to m ental health indicators. Results. The reviewed literature indica tes that dating app use is ass ociated with diverse mental he alth outcomes, including depre ssive symptoms, anxiety, lonel iness, body dissatisfaction, and self-esteem fluctuations. Additionally, dating app engagement has been linked to several physical health behavi ors, such as risky sexual prac tices, sexually transmitted in fection risk, alcohol and subs tance use, sleep disturbances, and unhealthy weight-control b ehaviors. Conclusions. Dating app use appears to be meaningfully related to bot h mental health and physical h ealth behaviors, although the direction and strength of thes e associations vary across pop ulations and study designs. Fu rther longitudinal and theory- driven research is needed to c larify causal mechanisms and to inform health education, pr evention, and public health interventions.
creator: Justyna Dżumaga
creator: Michalina Janiszewska
creator: Maciej Sobkowiak
creator: Paulina Sobkowiak
creator: Justyna Jusiak
creator: Janusz Łuczak
creator: Jeremi Łuczak
creator: Maria Łazik
creator: Roksana Dybowska
creator: Marta Walaszek
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Justyna Dżumaga, Michalina Janiszewska, Maciej Sobkowiak, Paulina Sobkowiak, Justyna Jusiak, Janusz Łuczak, Jeremi Łuczak, Maria Łazik, Roksana Dybowska, Marta Walaszek https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-14
publication date: 2026-02-14
volume: 88
starting page: 68034
ending page: 68034
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68034

Exercise-based Rehabilitation in Chronic Heart Failure - A Narrative Review
type: item
description: Chronic heart failure is a widespread clinical condition associated with reduced exercise tolerance, impaired quality of life, and increased morbidity and mortality. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation represents an essential component of non-pharmacological management in patients with chronic heart failure; however, optimal training strategies and delivery models remain under discussion. This narrative review summarizes current evidence regarding the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of exercise-based rehabilitation across different heart failure phenotypes. The analysis includes conventional centre-based programs, home-based rehabilitation, telerehabilitation, and novel exercise modalities. Available evidence indicates that structured exercise training improves functional capacity, exercise tolerance, and health-related quality of life, regardless of rehabilitation setting. Combined aerobic and resistance training, as well as high-intensity interval training, appear to provide greater functional benefits than moderate continuous exercise, particularly under supervised conditions. Functional assessment using cardiopulmonary exercise testing remains the reference standard, while the six-minute walk test offers a practical alternative in routine clinical practice. Individualized, patient-centred rehabilitation strategies are crucial for optimizing outcomes and supporting long-term engagement in physical activity among patients with chronic heart failure.
creator: Patrycja Mateja
creator: Katarzyna Fabiś
creator: Mateusz Zbylut
creator: Sylwia Buczek
creator: Weronika Mstowska
creator: Kamila Milewska
creator: Karolina Bury
creator: Hanna Naliuka
creator: Katarzyna Młynarczyk
creator: Ewa Byjoś
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Patrycja Mateja, Katarzyna Fabiś, Mateusz Zbylut, Sylwia Buczek, Weronika Mstowska, Kamila Milewska, Karolina Bury, Hanna Naliuka, Katarzyna Młynarczyk, Ewa Byjoś https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-17
publication date: 2026-02-17
volume: 88
starting page: 68438
ending page: 68438
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68438

Dietary Patterns and Supplementation in Depression and Anxiety: A Comprehensive Literature Review
type: item
description: Introduction and purpose: Depression and anxiety frequently co-occur and cause substantial functional burden. Nutrition - especially diet quality and supplementation - has been studied as a modifiable factor. This comprehensive literature review summarised evidence on dietary patterns and selected supplements in relation to depressive and anxiety symptoms. Material and methods: A narrative synthesis was performed using 32 articles (systematic reviews/meta-analyses, randomised trials, observational and mechanistic papers). The scope covered diet quality and dietary patterns, whole-of-diet interventions, gut–brain axis concepts, and supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins, magnesium, vitamin D, zinc, and probiotics. Results: Prospective evidence generally linked higher diet quality with lower depression risk. Whole-diet intervention trials showed mixed results, with several studies reporting improvements in depressive outcomes; anxiety outcomes were less consistent. Mechanistic literature supports plausibility through inflammation/oxidative pathways, serotonergic neurotransmission, and diet–microbiota interactions. Among supplements, evidence is most developed for omega-3 fatty acids (dose-response signals for anxiety) and magnesium (benefits in trials and meta-analysis), while findings for vitamin D, B vitamins, zinc and probiotics vary across studies. Conclusions: Diet quality improvement and selected supplements may offer adjunctive benefits for some individuals, but effects are heterogeneous and should not be overgeneralised. Nutritional strategies should be integrated with evidence-based mental health care, with timely clinical assessment and standard treatments used when indicated.
creator: Marta Kowalska
creator: Zofia Kosztyła-Czech
creator: Tomasz Wiśniewski
creator: Michał Dworak
creator: Mateusz Matyja
creator: Wiktoria Ciszewska
creator: Anna Mazur
creator: Julia Brodziak
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Marta Kowalska, Zofia Kosztyła-Czech, Tomasz Wiśniewski, Michał Dworak, Mateusz Matyja, Wiktoria Ciszewska, Anna Mazur, Julia Brodziak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
volume: 88
starting page: 68193
ending page: 68193
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68193

Lithium Through Time: Past Insights, Present Applications and Future Prospects
type: item
description: Introduction and Purpose: Lithium is a cornerstone of psychopharmacology, with expanding roles beyond psychiatry. This narrative review covers its historical evolution, current applications, and emerging uses in psychiatry, neurology, and general medicine—focusing on bipolar disorder, suicide prevention, neurodegeneration, infections, and pregnancy. The aim is to synthesize mechanistic and clinical data showing how lithium’s actions (GSK-3 inhibition, neurotrophic support, anti-inflammatory effects) enable precise, safe prescribing. Materials and Methods: This narrative synthesis draws from recent systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and key studies on lithium’s efficacy, mechanisms, and novel indications (past decade). PubMed, psychiatry/neurology journals, and public health reports were searched using terms like "lithium bipolar," "lithium suicide," "lithium neurodegeneration," prioritizing robust, clinically relevant sources. Results: Lithium is the gold-standard mood stabilizer (50–67% response rates, ~5-fold suicide risk reduction). Trace lithium in water links to lower suicide/dementia rates. Early data support neuroprotection in MCI/Alzheimer’s, plus roles in cluster headache, infections, and perinatal mood—offset by renal/thyroid/cardiac risks needing monitoring. Conclusions: Lithium excels in bipolar disorder and suicide prevention, with neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory potential. Future focus: low-dose regimens, precision monitoring, digital tools.
creator: Patrycja Rędziniak
creator: Monika Rajs
creator: Patrycja Przebieradło
creator: Sandra Żak
creator: Alicja Ruzik
creator: Antonina Gaj
creator: Monika Kowalska
creator: Katarzyna Żurek
creator: Kaja Stolarska
creator: Sandra Terpiłowska
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Patrycja Rędziniak, Monika Rajs, Patrycja Przebieradło, Sandra Żak, Alicja Ruzik, Antonina Gaj, Monika Kowalska, Katarzyna Żurek, Kaja Stolarska, Sandra Terpiłowska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-11
publication date: 2026-03-11
volume: 88
starting page: 69081
ending page: 69081
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.69081

Contagious molluscum in swimmers with atopic dermatitis: transmission risk, clinical challenges and impact on sports participation - a narrative review
type: item
description: Background. Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a common cutaneous poxvirus infection transmitted primarily through direct skin-to-skin contact and autoinoculation, with indirect spread via fomites considered plausible in shared environments. Swimmers may face heightened exposure to communal facilities and equipment, while atopic dermatitis (AD) can amplify susceptibility and disease burden through skin-barrier dysfunction and itch-driven dissemination. These factors can create clinical uncertainty about transmission risk, complicate management, and contribute to unnecessary restriction from training and competition. Material and methods. A narrative review was conducted using targeted searches of PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar, supplemented by screening of reference lists and verification through official journal/publisher records. Search terms combined MC with AD-related constructs (eczema, filaggrin/barrier dysfunction) and aquatic/sport contexts (swimming, pools, athletes, transmission, fomites, return-to-play), and were expanded to include contemporary therapeutics relevant to clearance timelines. Results. The evidence base supports contact and autoinoculation as the dominant transmission pathways for MC, while direct evidence for chlorinated pool water as a primary vehicle remains limited; the swimmer setting is more plausibly “facility-associated” through shared surfaces, changing areas, and personal items. AD consistently emerges as a risk amplifier and phenotype modifier, with barrier dysfunction and pruritus promoting wider lesion dissemination and eczematization that can obscure diagnosis and complicate treatment tolerability. Therapeutic advances supported by randomized trials, including provider-applied cantharidin 0.7% formulations and topical nitric oxide–releasing berdazimer gel, offer practical options to reduce lesion burden and support time-sensitive participation planning.
creator: Oksana Zinko
creator: Aleksandra Zimnoch-Włodarczyk
creator: Maciej Łapiński
creator: Michał Napierała
creator: Kinga Ciecierska
creator: Krystyna Wasilkowska
creator: Sylwia Łatkowska
creator: Laura Więcek
creator: Kinga Ściurka
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Oksana Zinko, Aleksandra Zimnoch-Włodarczyk, Maciej Łapiński, Michał Napierała, Kinga Ciecierska, Krystyna Wasilkowska, Sylwia Łatkowska, Laura Więcek, Kinga Ściurka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-14
publication date: 2026-02-14
volume: 88
starting page: 68004
ending page: 68004
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68004

Rosacea and Anxiety Disorders - Psychosocial Impact, Quality of Life and Integrated Management
type: item
description: Introduction and purpose: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory facial skin disease that may be associated with significant psychosocial burden. Studies indicate that affected individuals may experience anxiety, reduced self-esteem and lower quality of life compared with the general population. This review aims to summarize current evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, psychosocial impact and integrated management of rosacea with coexisting anxiety disorders. Materials and methods: A literature review was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on English-language publications. Priority was given to systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials and observational studies. State of knowledge: Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease in adults, more frequently reported in women and individuals with fair skin. Its etiopathogenesis is thought to involve immune dysregulation, neurovascular abnormalities and skin-brain axis dysfunction. Facial manifestations are associated with an increased risk of social anxiety, internalized stigma and reduced quality of life. Studies indicate that patients with rosacea may have an over twofold increased risk of anxiety disorders compared with the general population. Evidence suggests that dermatological treatment, combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy and stress management, can improve skin symptoms and psychological well-being. Conclusions: The bidirectional link between rosacea and anxiety disorders highlights the need for holistic management. Combining dermatological treatment with mental health assessment and psychological support may improve quality of life, reduce psychosocial burden and help interrupt the cycle of stress and disease exacerbation.
creator: Angelika Radziszewska-Trojniak
creator: Michał Włodarczyk
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Angelika Radziszewska-Trojniak, Michał Włodarczyk https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-17
publication date: 2026-02-17
volume: 88
starting page: 68382
ending page: 68382
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68382

Venlafaxine and the Cardiovascular System: A Review of Hemodynamic Changes, Arrhythmia Risk, and Drug Interactions
type: item
description: Background. Depression is one of the most common mental disorders worldwide and often coexists with cardiovascular diseases, posing significant clinical challenges. Venlafaxine is widely used to treat depression. Because of its mechanism of action, analyses of these potential cardiologic effects have attracted growing research interest. Aim. The aim of this study was to analyze available data on the cardiovascular system effects of venlafaxine, including its impact on blood pressure, cardiac electrical activity, arrhythmia risk, and potential interactions with cardiovascular medications. Material and methods. A literature review was conducted using the PubMed database, focusing on publications from the last ten years that addressed the effects of venlafaxine on hemodynamic, electrophysiological, metabolic parameters, and its interactions with other medications. Results. Meta-analyses and clinical studies suggest that venlafaxine may increase blood pressure. Most studies did not demonstrate clinically significant QTc prolongation or other conduction abnormalities, though isolated reports indicate possible individual susceptibility. The drug shows a low potential for clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interactions. Acute cardiac events related to venlafaxine are very rare. Conclusions. Venlafaxine is an effective and generally safe antidepressant in patients with cardiovascular disease; however, monitoring of blood pressure and cardiac function is advised, particularly in elderly or multimorbid patients. Further prospective studies are needed to assess its long-term cardiovascular effects.
creator: Klaudia Kozyra
creator: Sylwia Kozieł-Kwit
creator: Filip Skowierzak
creator: Bartłomiej Lisik
creator: Aleksandra Sado
creator: Mariusz Wręczycki
creator: Kacper Sawczuk
creator: Aleksandra Simlat
creator: Wiktoria Rogowska
creator: Krzysztof Szada-Borzyszkowski
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Klaudia Kozyra, Sylwia Kozieł-Kwit, Filip Skowierzak, Bartłomiej Lisik, Aleksandra Sado, Mariusz Wręczycki, Kacper Sawczuk, Aleksandra Simlat, Wiktoria Rogowska, Krzysztof Szada-Borzyszkowski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-11
publication date: 2026-03-11
volume: 88
starting page: 69393
ending page: 69393
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.69393

Remote learning and increased screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic as risk factors for Digital Eye Strain: a review
type: item
description: Digital Eye Strain (DES), also referred to as Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS), is a functional, symptom-based condition associated with prolonged digital display use and characterised by visual fatigue, ocular discomfort or dryness, blurred or fluctuating vision, and headache. During the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown measures and school closures accelerated the shift towards remote learning, substantially increasing daily screen exposure among children, adolescents, and university students. This narrative review evaluates evidence on the relationship between remote learning, increased screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the risk of Digital Eye Strain. Across pandemic-era studies, prolonged screen-based education was generally associated with a higher prevalence of DES-related symptoms in student populations. However, the available evidence is predominantly observational and relies largely on self-reported screen exposure and subjective symptom measures, with substantial heterogeneity in outcome definitions and assessment tools. Overall, the COVID-19 pandemic appears to have amplified pre-existing screen-related risk factors for Digital Eye Strain rather than introduced a novel ocular condition, while expanding the size of the exposed population. Although causal inference is limited, the consistency of findings across age groups supports the clinical relevance of Digital Eye Strain in remote learning contexts. Future research should prioritise longitudinal designs, clearer differentiation between educational and recreational screen use, and the integration of objective measures of visual behaviour and ocular surface function.
creator: Tomasz Majszyk
creator: Agnieszka Radziwonka
creator: Bartłomiej Wrochna
creator: Anna Olborska
creator: Ada Niezgoda
creator: Paweł Kosiorek
creator: Gabriela Stondzik
creator: Anna Garbacz
creator: Jacek Głuski
creator: Agnieszka Brzozowska
creator: Patrycja Borowiecka
creator: Aleksandra Węglarz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tomasz J. Majszyk, Agnieszka Radziwonka, Bartłomiej Wrochna, Anna Olborska, Ada Niezgoda, Paweł Kosiorek, Gabriela Stondzik, Anna Izabela Garbacz, Jacek Głuski, Agnieszka Brzozowska, Patrycja Anna Borowiecka, Aleksandra Karolina Węglarz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-21
publication date: 2026-02-21
volume: 88
starting page: 68746
ending page: 68746
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68746

Dynapenia syndrome in geriatrics – clinical characteristics, distinction from sarcopenia, and contemporary therapeutic approaches
type: item
description: Introduction Dynapenia is an age-related loss of muscle strength despite preserved muscle mass, leading to functional decline, loss of independence, falls, and higher mortality. Its development is influenced by neuromuscular, endocrine, and metabolic changes, compounded by chronic inflammation, low activity, and inadequate nutrition. Results Resistance training is the most effective strategy to mitigate strength loss, enhancing neuromuscular function and physical performance. Aerobic exercise improves endurance and mobility. Adequate protein intake (1.0–1.2 g/kg) and supplementation with vitamin D, creatine, leucine, and omega-3 fatty acids support training adaptations. Early detection via handgrip strength allows timely interventions. Discussion Combining targeted exercise with optimal nutrition and supplementation maintains strength and independence in older adults. Interventions should be individualized based on health and functional status. Emerging molecular and gene-based therapies are experimental but may complement lifestyle approaches. Conclusion Dynapenia is not inevitable with aging. Early recognition, regular training, and proper nutrition can slow strength loss, reduce fall risk, and improve well-being. Materials and methods A review of scientific articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Dove Press Medical focused on dynapenia, muscle aging, and physical and nutritional interventions in older adults.
creator: Paulina Malon
creator: Karol Śliwa
creator: Anita Pieńkowska
creator: Aleksandra Trojańska
creator: Nel Geworkian
creator: Natalia Hariasz
creator: Martyna Pietz
creator: Anita Szymańska
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Paulina Malon, Karol Śliwa, Anita Pieńkowska, Aleksandra Trojańska, Nel Geworkian, Natalia Hariasz, Martyna Pietz, Anita Szymańska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-14
publication date: 2026-02-14
volume: 88
starting page: 68065
ending page: 68065
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68065

EVALI: Current Understanding of Its Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management
type: item
description: Background: E-cigarette, or Vaping, product use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) emerged in 2019 as a novel clinical syndrome, posing a significant public health challenge linked to the inhalation of aerosols from e-cigarette or vaping products, particularly those containing tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and vitamin E acetate (VEA). Aim: This narrative review synthesizes the current understanding of EVALI's pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, and management principles, drawing upon evidence published from 2017 to 2024. Material and Methods: We conducted a comprehensive narrative synthesis of literature from 2017–2024, focusing on etiological studies, clinical case series, public health reports, and reviews detailing the mechanisms, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic outcomes of EVALI. Results: The pathophysiology involves a complex interplay of direct chemical pneumonitis, surfactant dysfunction, and acute lung injury patterns triggered primarily by VEA. Clinical presentation includes respiratory, gastrointestinal, and constitutional symptoms. Diagnosis relies on a meticulous history of vaping, consistent radiological findings (typically bilateral ground-glass opacities on CT), and exclusion of infection. Management is primarily supportive, with systemic glucocorticoids showing efficacy in reducing inflammation and improving outcomes in moderate to severe cases. Conclusions: EVALI represents a severe form of inhalational lung injury directly attributable to toxic substances like VEA in vaping aerosols. While the peak incidence has subsided, it underscores the ongoing risks of unregulated vaping products and highlights critical gaps regarding long-term sequelae. Continued surveillance, public health education, and further research are imperative.
creator: Bartłomiej Maciej Wrochna
creator: Anna Olborska
creator: Agnieszka Brzozowska
creator: Gabriela Stondzik
creator: Ada Niezgoda
creator: Anna Izabela Garbacz
creator: Paweł Kosiorek
creator: Agnieszka Radziwonka
creator: Tomasz Julian Majszyk
creator: Jacek Głuski
creator: Patrycja Anna Borowiecka
creator: Aleksandra Węglarz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bartłomiej Maciej Wrochna, Anna Olborska, Agnieszka Brzozowska, Gabriela Stondzik, Ada Niezgoda, Anna Izabela Garbacz, Paweł Kosiorek, Agnieszka Radziwonka, Tomasz Julian Majszyk, Jacek Głuski, Patrycja Anna Borowiecka, Aleksandra Węglarz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-17
publication date: 2026-02-17
volume: 88
starting page: 68480
ending page: 68480
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68480

Hypercalcemia of Malignancy: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges
type: item
description: Background. Malignancy-associated hypercalcemia (HHM) is a frequent metabolic complication in advanced cancer, often leading to neurological deterioration, cardiovascular disturbances, reduced functional status, and shorter survival. In palliative care, timely diagnosis and management of HHM are essential to improve symptom control and patient comfort. Aim. To present a comprehensive, evidence-based review of current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to hypercalcemia of malignancy, with a focus on palliative care settings. Material and methods. A narrative review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Europe PMC. Fifty-six articles published between 1994 and 2024 were selected based on clinical relevance and scientific quality. Results. Hypercalcemia in malignancy arises predominantly from PTHrP secretion, calcitriol overproduction, or local osteolysis. Diagnostic workup includes calcium profile, PTH/PTHrP levels, and imaging. Management involves intravenous hydration, bisphosphonates, denosumab, glucocorticosteroids, and—occasionally—calcitonin or hemodialysis. Timely treatment improves symptoms and may enable continuation of oncologic therapies. In palliative patients, hypercalcemia often necessitates a shift toward comfort-focused care and underscores the importance of interdisciplinary management. Conclusions. Malignancy-associated hypercalcemia significantly worsens prognosis and quality of life in advanced cancer. Individualized treatment—including rehydration, anti-resorptive agents, and symptom control—is essential. Effective calcium regulation alleviates suffering, facilitates supportive care, and should be integrated into comprehensive palliative strategies.
creator: Dominika Bachurska
creator: Zuzanna Czach
creator: Magdalena Ignarska
creator: Justyna Ignarska
creator: Oliwia Grygorczuk
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dominika Bachurska, Zuzanna Czach, Magdalena Ignarska, Justyna Ignarska, Oliwia Grygorczuk https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
volume: 88
starting page: 68240
ending page: 68240
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68240

Semaglutide-Induced Weight Loss: Consequences for Muscle Mass and Functional Outcomes
type: item
description: Introduction: Semaglutide (Ozempic) is a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Its potent effects on appetite suppression, delayed gastric emptying, and weight reduction are well documented. Increasing scientific attention has focused on its potential influence on lean body mass and skeletal muscle, as emerging evidence suggests that semaglutide-induced weight loss may include clinically relevant reductions in muscle mass. Understanding the extent and significance of these changes is essential for safe long-term therapy. Material and Methods of Research: A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Clinical trials, observational studies, meta-analyses, and relevant preclinical research published in English between 2018 and 2024 were analyzed. Results:Evidence indicates that semaglutide-induced weight loss consistently leads to reductions in lean mass, typically comprising 20–40% of total weight lost. Mechanisms include caloric deficit, reduced protein intake, appetite suppression, and changes in anabolic signalin. Several studies demonstrated preserved muscle strength or stabilization of lean mass when therapy was combined with adequate protein intake and resistance training. Preclinical findings suggest that part of the lean mass reduction is reversible after treatment discontinuation. Conclusion: Semaglutide affects muscle mass primarily indirectly through appetite suppression and significant weight reduction. While lean mass loss is common, functional muscle decline is not inevitable and may be mitigated through dietary optimization and structured physical activity. Regular monitoring of body composition should be considered during semaglutide therapy.
creator: Barbara Reizer
creator: Zofia Botto
creator: Klaudia Krystek
creator: Patrycja Felisiak
creator: Dominika Kowalczyk
creator: Zofia Śliwa
creator: Dominik Andrzej Ślazyk
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Barbara Reizer, Zofia Botto, Klaudia Krystek, Patrycja Felisiak, Dominika Kowalczyk, Zofia Śliwa, Dominik Andrzej Ślazyk https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
volume: 88
starting page: 68182
ending page: 68182
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68182

Effects of Physical Activity on Female and Male Fertility: A Literature Review
type: item
description: Introduction: Infertility affects an estimated 60–80 million couples globally and represents a growing public health concern. Its etiology is multifactorial, with modifiable lifestyle and environmental factors playing a significant role. Among these, physical activity is increasingly recognized as a relevant contributor, although its precise impact on reproductive outcomes remains unclear. Promoting balanced, evidence-based strategies—including appropriate physical activity during the periconceptional period—should be considered a shared responsibility in preconception care. Objective: This review aims to synthesize current evidence on the role of physical activity in fertility, highlighting its relevance to both sexes. It discusses exercise types that support reproductive potential, contrasts them with potentially harmful modalities, and explores underlying physiological and cellular mechanisms. Conclusion: Couples planning pregnancy should appropriately adjust their lifestyle by engaging in moderate and regular physical activity suited to their individual capacity, while avoiding high-intensity or strenuous exercise. Infertility arises from both female and male factors, with each contributing to roughly half of all cases. High-intensity physical activity may impair fertility by contributing to menstrual cycle disturbances in women and reduced sperm quality in men. Both sexes have been shown to exhibit dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis under such conditions. Despite the abundance of literature on the subject, there is still a lack of conclusive evidence identifying the most beneficial type of physical activity for couples trying to conceive. Future research should focus on designing highly standardized studies that will serve as a foundation for clear and evidence-based lifestyle recommendations supporting reproductive health.
creator: Natalia Syncerz
creator: Katarzyna Czajka
creator: Katarzyna Zadrożna
creator: Piotr Dryżałowski
creator: Sara Steć
creator: Bartłomiej Wójcik
creator: Julia Borodacz
creator: Martyna Czampiel
creator: Michał Nawracaj
creator: Julia Bort
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Natalia Syncerz, Katarzyna Czajka, Katarzyna Zadrożna, Piotr Dryżałowski, Sara Steć, Bartłomiej Wójcik, Julia Borodacz, Martyna Czampiel, Michał Nawracaj, Julia Bort https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-17
publication date: 2026-02-17
volume: 88
starting page: 68345
ending page: 68345
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68345

The Impact of physical activity and screen time on mental, physical and social health in children and adolescents: a narrative review
type: item
description: Background: Digital technologies have become deeply embedded in the everyday lives of children and adolescents, while physical activity levels are declining in many countries. These parallel trends raise concerns about their impact on mental, physical and social health. Aim: The aim of this narrative review is to summarize current knowledge on the relationships between physical activity, different forms of screen use (including social media and problematic smartphone use) and health outcomes in youth. Results: Evidence from reviews and large observational studies indicates that high total screen time is associated with more depressive and anxiety symptoms, reduced wellbeing, sleep disturbances, obesity and school difficulties. Intensive social media use and problematic smartphone use show particularly strong links with depression, anxiety, loneliness and functional impairment, and may display addiction-like features. In contrast, regular physical activity is consistently related to better mental health, higher life satisfaction and healthier sleep patterns, and may partly buffer the negative effects of excessive screen exposure. Sleep, loneliness and family context appear as important mediators and moderators of these associations. Conclusions: Excessive screen time and problematic smartphone use represent modifiable risk factors for youth health, whereas physical activity is a central protective factor that supports healthy development. Prevention strategies should therefore focus on promoting regular movement, setting limits on evening and night-time screen use, supporting healthy sleep hygiene and encouraging balanced, purposeful use of digital media in families, schools and health care settings.
creator: Dawid Stępień
creator: Natalia Nawrocka
creator: Alicja Hojda
creator: Filip Bednarek
creator: Izabela Małajewicz
creator: Olga Plinta
creator: Małgorzata Pietrzyk
creator: Hanna Rodak
creator: Karolina Oskroba
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dawid Stępień, Natalia Nawrocka, Alicja Hojda, Filip Bednarek, Izabela Małajewicz, Olga Plinta, Małgorzata Pietrzyk, Hanna Rodak, Karolina Oskroba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-17
publication date: 2026-02-17
volume: 88
starting page: 68323
ending page: 68323
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68323

Rehabilitation Strategies and Pain Management in Athletes with Musculoskeletal Injuries - a review
type: item
description: INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE Musculoskeletal injuries, including ligament ruptures, sprains, partial tears, muscle damage, and fractures, are among the most common injuries observed in athletes. Properly conducted rehabilitation is based on early and appropriate patient mobilization following trauma, aiming to restore mobility and strength of the affected musculoskeletal structures during convalescence. Effective management of post-traumatic pain remains a crucial component of therapy, as pain reduction facilitates early mobilization and return to pre-injury functional status. The aim of this study was to review rehabilitation approaches used after various musculoskeletal injuries sustained during sports activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature contained in PubMed and BioMed Central databases was searched using keywords such as rehabilitation, sport, musculoskeletal injuries, physical activity, pain management, exercise, therapy. Referenced sources in selected publications and thematic textbooks were also utilized. CONCLUSIONS Musculoskeletal injuries may result in significant functional limitations; however, their negative consequences can be effectively minimized through the timely initiation of structured rehabilitation. Exercises should be introduced gradually and adjusted to the injury stage to avoid excessive load on healing tissues. Adequate pain management is essential to support early mobilization and optimize recovery outcomes in athletes.
creator: Katarzyna Chowaniec-Rybka
creator: Monika Bujak
creator: Jędrzej Sztajura
creator: Anna Szot
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Katarzyna Chowaniec-Rybka, Monika Bujak, Jędrzej Sztajura, Anna Szot https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-14
publication date: 2026-02-14
volume: 88
starting page: 68251
ending page: 68251
doi: 10.12775/JEHS.2026.88.68251