Role of nutrition in cerebral palsy treatment – comprehensive literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2024.70.49419Keywords
cerebral palsy, treatment, gut microbiota, nutritionAbstract
Introduction and purpose:
A collection of symptoms known as cerebral palsy first manifest in early childhood and result in profound physical impairment. Cerebral palsy is thought to affect 1 in 500 live births, or roughly 17 million people worldwide. The type of cerebral palsy determines the clinical symptoms. Movement coordination disorders, epilepsy, muscle weakness, and feeding difficulties are the most common symptoms.
The purpose of this article is to familiarize readers with the options for nutritional therapy for cerebral palsy patients.
Material and methods
The following review was based on articles from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Key search terms included cerebral palsy; nutrition; treatment; gut microbiota..
State of knowledge
Early identification of malnutrition symptoms and appropriate interventions, such as the implantation of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube in patients who are unable to swallow food, are the cornerstones of nutritional therapy for cerebral palsy patients. Dysphagia is a major problem in the population of patients with cerebral palsy, and multidisciplinary therapy is necessary for them. Patients' serum vitamin D levels are also influenced by their diet; 50% of those with cerebral palsy have a deficiency in this nutrient.
Conclusions
For people with cerebral palsy, nutrition is very important. Premature death may arise from malnutrition brought on by the disease's advancement. As a result, individuals with cerebral palsy need to receive specialized care
References
Novak I, Morgan C, Adde L, Blackman J, Boyd RN, Brunstrom-Hernandez J, Cioni G, Damiano D, Darrah J, Eliasson AC, de Vries LS, Einspieler C, Fahey M, Fehlings D, Ferriero DM, Fetters L, Fiori S, Forssberg H, Gordon AM, Greaves S, Guzzetta A, Hadders-Algra M, Harbourne R, Kakooza-Mwesige A, Karlsson P, Krumlinde-Sundholm L, Latal B, Loughran-Fowlds A, Maitre N, McIntyre S, Noritz G, Pennington L, Romeo DM, Shepherd R, Spittle AJ, Thornton M, Valentine J, Walker K, White R, Badawi N. Early, accurate diagnosis and early intervention in cerebral palsy. JAMA Pediatr [Internet]. 2017 Sep 1 [cited 2024 Feb 13];171(9):897. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.1689
Graham HK, Rosenbaum P, Paneth N, Dan B, Lin JP, Damiano DL, Becher JG, Gaebler-Spira D, Colver A, Reddihough DS, Crompton KE, Lieber RL. Cerebral palsy. Nat Rev Dis Primers [Internet]. 2016 Jan 7 [cited 2024 Feb 13];2(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2015.82
Monbaliu E, Himmelmann K, Lin JP, Ortibus E, Bonouvrié L, Feys H, Vermeulen RJ, Dan B. Clinical presentation and management of dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Lancet Neurol [Internet]. 2017 Sep [cited 2024 Feb 13];16(9):741-9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(17)30252-1
Romano C, van Wynckel M, Hulst J, Broekaert I, Bronsky J, Dall’Oglio L, Mis NF, Hojsak I, Orel R, Papadopoulou A, Schaeppi M, Thapar N, Wilschanski M, Sullivan P, Gottrand F. European society for paediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of gastrointestinal and nutritional complications in children with neurological impairment. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr [Internet]. 2017 Aug [cited 2024 Feb 13];65(2):242-64. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1097/mpg.0000000000001646
Huysentruyt K, Geeraert F, Allemon H, Prinzie P, Roelants M, Ortibus E, Vandenplas Y, De Schepper J. Nutritional red flags in children with cerebral palsy. Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2020 Feb [cited 2024 Feb 13];39(2):548-53. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2019.02.040
Jahan I, Sultana R, Muhit M, Akbar D, Karim T, Al Imam MH, Das MC, Smithers-Sheedy H, McIntyre S, Badawi N, Khandaker G. Nutrition interventions for children with cerebral palsy in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review. Nutrients [Internet]. 2022 Mar 12 [cited 2024 Feb 13];14(6):1211. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061211
Brooks J, Day S, Shavelle R, Strauss D. Low weight, morbidity, and mortality in children with cerebral palsy: new clinical growth charts. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2011 Jul 18 [cited 2024 Feb 13];128(2):e299-e307. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-2801
Yi YG, Oh BM, Seo HG, Shin HI, Bang MS. Dysphagia-Related quality of life in adults with cerebral palsy on full oral diet without enteral nutrition. Dysphagia [Internet]. 2019 Jan 5 [cited 2024 Feb 13];34(2):201-9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-018-09972-7
Edvinsson SE, Lundqvist LO. Prevalence of orofacial dysfunction in cerebral palsy and its association with gross motor function and manual ability. Dev Med Amp Child Neurol [Internet]. 2015 Sep 10 [cited 2024 Feb 13];58(4):385-94. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.12867
Graham D, Paget SP, Wimalasundera N. Current thinking in the health care management of children with cerebral palsy. Med J Aust [Internet]. 2019 Feb [cited 2024 Feb 13];210(3):129-35. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.12106
Benfer KA, Weir KA, Bell KL, Ware RS, Davies PS, Boyd RN. Oropharyngeal dysphagia and cerebral palsy. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2017 Nov 22 [cited 2024 Feb 13];140(6):e20170731. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-0731
Jesus AO, Stevenson RD. Optimizing nutrition and bone health in children with cerebral palsy. Phys Med Rehabil Clin North Am [Internet]. 2020 Feb [cited 2024 Feb 13];31(1):25-37. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2019.08.001
Houlihan CM. Bone health in cerebral palsy: who's at risk and what to do about it? J Pediatr Rehabil Med [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2024 Feb 13];7(2):143-53. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3233/prm-140283
Alenazi KA. Vitamin D deficiency in children with cerebral palsy: a narrative review of epidemiology, contributing factors, clinical consequences and interventions. Saudi J Biol Sci [Internet]. 2022 Apr [cited 2024 Feb 13];29(4):2007-13. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.026
Le Roy C, Barja S, Sepúlveda C, Guzmán ML, Olivarez M, Figueroa MJ, Alvarez M. Deficiencia de vitamina D y de hierro en niños y adolescentes con parálisis cerebral. Neurologia [Internet]. 2018 Jan [cited 2024 Feb 13]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrl.2017.11.005
Junges C, Machado TD, Nunes Filho PR, Riesgo R, Mello ED. Vitamin D deficiency in pediatric patients using antiepileptic drugs: systematic review with meta-analysis. J Pediatr [Internet]. 2020 Sep [cited 2024 Feb 13];96(5):559-68. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2020.01.004
Modlesky CM, Zhang C. Complicated muscle-bone interactions in children with cerebral palsy. Curr Osteoporos Rep [Internet]. 2020 Feb [cited 2024 Feb 13];18(1):47-56. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-020-00561-y
Mus-Peters CT, Huisstede BM, Noten S, Hitters MW, van der Slot WM, van den Berg-Emons RJ. Low bone mineral density in ambulatory persons with cerebral palsy? A systematic review. Disabil Rehabil [Internet]. 2018 May 22 [cited 2024 Feb 13];41(20):2392-402. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2018.1470261
Carman KB, Aydın K, Kilic Aydin B, Cansu A, Direk MC, Durmus S, Dündar NO, Gencpinar P, Gungor S, Gurkas E, Hur O, Karadag M, Karademir CN, Ozkan Kart P, Okuyaz C, Oz NA, Peduk Y, Per H, Serin MH, Tekgul H, Unay B, Yarar C, Kilic Yildirim G. Evaluation of micronutrient levels in children with cerebral palsy. Pediatr Int [Internet]. 2021 Sep 29 [cited 2024 Feb 13]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.15005
Scarpato E, Staiano A, Molteni M, Terrone G, Mazzocchi A, Agostoni C. Nutritional assessment and intervention in children with cerebral palsy: a practical approach. Int J Food Sci Nutr [Internet]. 2017 Feb 16 [cited 2024 Feb 13];68(6):763-70. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2017.1289502
Bell KL, Samson-Fang L. Nutritional management of children with cerebral palsy. Eur J Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2013 Dec [cited 2024 Feb 13];67(S2):S13—S16. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2013.225
Trivić I, Hojsak I. Evaluation and treatment of malnutrition and associated gastrointestinal complications in children with cerebral palsy. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Amp Nutr [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2024 Feb 13];22(2):122. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2019.22.2.122
Samson-Fang L, Butler C, O'Donnell M. Effects of gastrostomy feeding in children with cerebral palsy: an AACPDM evidence report. Dev Med Amp Child Neurol [Internet]. 2003 May 9 [cited 2024 Feb 13];45(06). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/s001216220300077x
Ferluga ED, Sathe NA, Krishnaswami S, Mcpheeters ML. Surgical intervention for feeding and nutrition difficulties in cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Dev Med Amp Child Neurol [Internet]. 2013 Jun 5 [cited 2024 Feb 13];56(1):31-43. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.12170
Civan HA, Bektas G, Dogan AE, Ozdener F. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding in children with cerebral palsy. Neuropediatrics [Internet]. 2021 Jun 30 [cited 2024 Feb 13];52(04):326-32. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1731007
Novak I, Morgan C, Fahey M, Finch-Edmondson M, Galea C, Hines A, Langdon K, Namara MM, Paton MC, Popat H, Shore B, Khamis A, Stanton E, Finemore OP, Tricks A, te Velde A, Dark L, Morton N, Badawi N. State of the evidence traffic lights 2019: systematic review of interventions for preventing and treating children with cerebral palsy. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep [Internet]. 2020 Feb [cited 2024 Feb 16];20(2). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-020-1022-z
McConnell M, Shieh A. Polypharmacy in osteoporosis treatment. Clin Geriatr Med [Internet]. 2022 Sep [cited 2024 Feb 16]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2022.05.011
Psimma C, Psimma Z, Willems HC, Klüter WJ, Maarel‐Wierink CD. Oral bisphosphonates: Adverse effects on the oral mucosa not related to the jaw bones. A scoping review. Gerodontology [Internet]. 2021 Nov 2 [cited 2024 Feb 16]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/ger.12590
Assa A, Borrelli O, Broekaert I, Saccomani MD, Dolinsek J, Martin-de-Carpi J, Mas E, Miele E, Sila S, Thomson M, Tzivinikos C, Benninga MA. Helicobacter pylori-negative chronic gastritis in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Amp Nutr [Internet]. 2022 Feb 16 [cited 2024 Feb 16];Publish Ahead of Print. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1097/mpg.0000000000003414
Guerrini R, Zaccara G, la Marca G, Rosati A. Safety and tolerability of antiepileptic drug treatment in children with epilepsy. Drug Saf [Internet]. 2012 Jul [cited 2024 Feb 16];35(7):519-33. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2165/11630700-000000000-00000
McNamara NA, Romanowski EM, Olson DP, Shellhaas RA. Bone health and endocrine comorbidities in pediatric epilepsy. Semin Pediatr Neurol [Internet]. 2017 Nov [cited 2024 Feb 16];24(4):301-9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spen.2017.10.005
Tayutivutikul N, Wanleenuwat P, Panapongvasin T, Klajing R, Iwanowski P. Dietary effects on antiseizure drug metabolism and management of epilepsy. Seizure [Internet]. 2022 Sep [cited 2024 Feb 16]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2022.09.009
Demont A, Gedda M, Lager C, de Lattre C, Gary Y, Keroulle E, Feuillerat B, Caudan H, Sancelme Z, Isapof A, Viehweger E, Chatelin M, Hochard M, Boivin J, Vurpillat P, Genès N, de Boissezon X, Fontaine A, Brochard S. Evidence-based, implementable motor rehabilitation guidelines for individuals with cerebral palsy. Neurology [Internet]. 2022 Jun 24 [cited 2024 Feb 16]:10.1212/WNL.0000000000200936. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000200936
Verschuren O, Peterson MD, Balemans AC, Hurvitz EA. Exercise and physical activity recommendations for people with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Amp Child Neurol [Internet]. 2016 Feb 7 [cited 2024 Feb 16];58(8):798-808. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.13053
Abd-Elmonem AM, Saad-Eldien SS, Abd El-Nabie WA. Effect of oral sensorimotor stimulation on oropharyngeal dysphagia in children with spastic cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med [Internet]. 2021 Dec [cited 2024 Feb 16];57(6). Available from: https://doi.org/10.23736/s1973-9087.21.06802-7
Acar G, Ejraei N, Turkdoğan D, Enver N, Öztürk G, Aktaş G. The effects of neurodevelopmental therapy on feeding and swallowing activities in children with cerebral palsy. Dysphagia [Internet]. 2021 Jun 25 [cited 2024 Feb 16]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-021-10329-w
Andrew MJ, Parr JR, Sullivan PB. Feeding difficulties in children with cerebral palsy. Arch Dis Child Educ Amp Pract Ed [Internet]. 2012 Jan 31 [cited 2024 Feb 16];97(6):222-9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2011-300914
Góralczyk-Bińkowska A, Szmajda-Krygier D, Kozłowska E. The microbiota–gut–brain axis in psychiatric disorders. Int J Mol Sci [Internet]. 2022 Sep 24 [cited 2024 Feb 18];23(19):11245. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911245
Wang Y, Zhu J, Zou N, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhang M, Wang C, Yang L. Pathogenesis from the microbial-gut-brain axis in white matter injury in preterm infants: a review. Front Integr Neurosci [Internet]. 2023 Mar 16 [cited 2024 Feb 18];17. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2023.1051689
Upadhyay RP, Taneja S, Chowdhury R, Strand TA, Bhandari N. Effect of prebiotic and probiotic supplementation on neurodevelopment in preterm very low birth weight infants: findings from a meta-analysis. Pediatr Res [Internet]. 2018 Oct 18 [cited 2024 Feb 18];87(5):811-22. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-018-0211-9
Huang C, Lyu J, Ge L, Peng Y, Yang Z, Xiong S, Wu B, Chen X, Chu C, Zhang X. Dietary fiber and probiotics based on gut microbiota targeting for functional constipation in children with cerebral palsy. Front Pediatr [Internet]. 2022 Oct 6 [cited 2024 Feb 18];10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.1001789
Huang C, Li Y, Feng X, Li D, Li X, Ouyang Q, Dai W, Wu G, Zhou Q, Wang P, Zhou K, Xu X, Li S, Peng Y. Distinct gut microbiota composition and functional category in children with cerebral palsy and epilepsy. Front Pediatr [Internet]. 2019 Oct 1 [cited 2024 Feb 18];7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2019.00394
Hirayama M, Ohno K. Parkinson’s disease and gut microbiota. Ann Nutr Metab [Internet]. 2021 Sep 9 [cited 2024 Feb 18]:1-8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1159/000518147
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Iwona Welian-Polus, Michał Leśniewski, Karolina Maliszewska, Izabela Oleksak, Joanna Ziółkowska, Bartosz Mazur, Karolina Gendek, Mikołaj Smach, Magdalena Mazur, Wiktoria Wilanowska
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The periodical offers access to content in the Open Access system under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 253
Number of citations: 0
