The security of cash circulation: the evolution of security features in Polish złoty banknotes

Abstract

The article's main goal is to trace the evolution of money and the modern role of banknotes, focusing on anti-counterfeiting features. Money has evolved from barter and primitive coins to precious metal currency, banknotes, and finally electronic forms. Modern banknotes serve three key functions: facilitating transactions, acting as a measure of value, and storing wealth. Protecting them from counterfeiting is a state security priority. Polish banknotes employ a multi-layered security system, combining traditional elements like watermarks with modern solutions such as optically variable inks and features visible under UV and IR light. The "Polish Rulers" series exemplifies this technological progression. Despite the rise of electronic payments, banknotes remain crucial to the financial system, necessitating continuous security upgrades to stay ahead of increasingly sophisticated counterfeiting methods. The security of payment means in the context of the evolution of Polish zloty banknote security features.