LEGAL BASIS FOR COOPERATION BETWEEN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS AND THE SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT - OPPORTUNITIES OR BARRIERS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONS BETWEEN UNIVERSITIES AND EXTERNAL PARTNERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/TIS.2023.002Keywords
higher education institution, university, legal basis, socioeconomic environment, opportunities, barriersAbstract
Higher education institutions (HEIs) operate in a specific legal, economic, and social context. Therefore, both areas of their activity, i.e., education and research, must consider the current needs of the socioeconomic environment. In this way, higher education institutions can fulfil their mission: providing top-quality education and scientific activity, shaping civic attitudes, participating in social development, and creating an innovation-based economy.
Cooperation between universities and the socioeconomic environment is not a new phenomenon. The formation of the concept of the university confirms that certain political, economic, and social conditions influenced what universities were like. It has not changed, and issues concerning cooperation with external stakeholders are increasingly included in normative acts constituting the higher education system. The article will present basic legal solutions within the sources of generally applicable law concerning the cooperation of higher education institutions with the external partners in Poland and selected countries.
At the same time, an attempt will be made to answer the significance of the presented legal solutions for shaping the relations of higher education institutions, especially universities, with external stakeholders.
The article is based on a literature review. It focuses on cooperation models as well as opportunities and barriers to developing relations between universities and external partners. The methodology used in the study includes searching relevant databases, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracting and synthesizing data, and analyzing and interpreting the synthesized information. The review includes foreign and Polish literature to ensure a fuller understanding of the national context. The proposed approach has not yet been the subject of detailed analysis in the literature, especially in higher education law.
References
Arbo, P., & Benneworth, P. (2007). Understanding the regional contribution of higher education institutions: a literature review. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 9. OECD Publishing.
Balconi, M., Breschi, S., & Lissoni, F. (2004). Networks of inventors and the role of academia: An exploration of Italian patent data. Research Policy, 33(1), 127-145.
Barczak, G., & Kalinowski, J. (2015). University-industry cooperation in Poland: a study of research institutes in the Polish Academy of Sciences. European Planning Studies, 23(7), 1386-1405.
Bessen, J., & Maskin, E. (2009). Sequential innovation, patents, and imitation. The RAND Journal of Economics, 40(4), 611-635.
Brundenius, C., Göransson, B., & Mello, C. (Eds.). (2017). Universities, Inclusive Development and Social Innovation: An International Perspective. Springer.
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. (2021). Das deutsche Hochschulsystem: https://www.bmbf.de/de/hochschulsystem-121.html
Chellaraj, G., Maskus, K. E., & Mattoo, A. (2008). The contribution of international graduate students to US innovation. Review of International Economics, 16(3), 444-462.
Chesbrough, H., & Bogers, M. (2014). Explicating open innovation: Clarifying an emerging paradigm for understanding innovation. In New Frontiers in Open Innovation (pp. 3-28). Oxford University Press.
Clark, B. R. (2004). Sustaining Change in Universities: Continuities in Case Studies and Concepts. McGraw-Hill Education.
Cooke, P., Uranga, M. G., & Etxebarria, G. (2007). Regional innovation systems: Institutional and organizational dimensions. Research Policy, 26(4-5), 475-491.
Czarnitzki, D., Doherr, T., Hussinger, K., Schliessler, P., & Toole, A. A. (2015). Knowledge creates markets: The influence of entrepreneurial support and patent rights on academic entrepreneurship. Journal of Technology Transfer, 40(1), 141-164.
Daries, J. P., Reich, J., Waldo, J., Young, E. M., Whittinghill, J., Ho, A. D., Seaton, D. T., & Chuang, I. (2014). Privacy, anonymity, and big data in the social sciences. Communications of the ACM, 57(9), 56-63.
Department for Education. (2018). Higher Education and Research Act 2017. http://www.gov.uk/government/publications/higher-education-and-research-act-2017-explanatory-notes
Dove, E. S. (2018). The EU General Data Protection Regulation: Implications for International Scientific Research in the Digital Era. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 46(4), 1013-1030.
Etzkowitz, H. (2008). The Triple Helix: University-Industry-Government Innovation in Action. Routledge.
Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and “Mode 2” to a Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations. Research Policy, 29(2), 109-123.
European Commission. (2018). Turning FAIR into Reality: Final Report and Action Plan from the European Commission Expert Group on FAIR Data. Publications Office of the European Union.
Fecher, B., & Friesike, S. (2014). Open Science: One Term, Five Schools of Thought. In Opening Science (pp. 17-47). Springer.
Foray, D., & Lissoni, F. (2010). University Research and Public-Private Interaction. In Handbook of the Economics of Innovation. Vol. 1 (pp. 275-314). North-Holland.
French Ministry of National Education, Higher Education and Research. (2017). Higher Education and Research in France: https://www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/cid20227/higher-education-and-research-in-france.html
Geuna, A., & Muscio, A. (2009). The governance of university knowledge transfer: A critical review of the literature. Minerva, 47(1), 93-114.
Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS, Central Statistical Office). (2018). Nauka i Technika w Polsce w 2018 roku (Science and Technology in Poland in 2018). Warszawa: GUS.
Gołębiowski, T., Dudzik, T. K., Lewandowska, M. S., & Weresa, M. A. (2008). Innowacyjność i współpraca w parze: Analiza oddziaływania polityki państwa na rozwój współpracy przedsiębiorstw z otoczeniem naukowym (Innovation and cooperation in pair: Analysis of the impact of state policy on the development of cooperation between enterprises and the scientific community). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Göransson, B., Maharajh, R., & Schmoch, U. (2009). New activities of universities in transfer and extension: multiple requirements and manifold solutions. Science and Public Policy, 36(2), 157-164.
Górski, M. (2015). Ochrona danych osobowych w umowach o współpracy naukowej między uczelniami a przedsiębiorstwami (Protection of personal data in scientific cooperation agreements between universities and enterprises). Informatyzacja i E-administracja w Polsce: Szanse i Wyjątki, 3, 107-116.
Gulbrandsen, M., & Slipersæter, S. (2007). The third mission and the entrepreneurial university model. In Universities and strategic knowledge creation (pp. 112-143). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Hanel, P. (2006). Intellectual Property Rights Business Management Practices: A Survey of the Literature. Technovation, 26(8), 895-931.
Hertzfeld, H. R., Link, A. N., & Vonortas, N. S. (2006). Intellectual property protection mechanisms in research partnerships. Research Policy, 35(6), 825-838.
Howells, J. (2006). Intermediation and the role of intermediaries in innovation. Research Policy, 35(5), 715-728.
Hughes, A., & Kitson, M. (2012). Pathways to impact and the strategic role of universities: new evidence on the breadth and depth of university knowledge exchange in the UK and the factors constraining its development. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 36(3), 723-750.
Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research. (2021). Higher Education System in Italy. https://www.miur.gov.it/web/guest/-/higher-education-system-in-italy
Jakóbczyk-Gryszkiewicz, J., & Wiśniewski, M. (2019). Współpraca uczelni wyższych z otoczeniem gospodarczym - wybrane aspekty (Cooperation of universities with the economic environment - selected aspects. Studies and Materials). Studia i Materiały / Miscellanea Oeconomicae, 23(2), 173-188.
Jiménez-Sáez, F., Castelló-Martínez, A., & Gómez-Carmona, D. (2014). Financing technology transfer in Spain: Evidence from the National Plan for Scientific Research, Development and Technological Innovation. Research Evaluation, 23(4), 410-421.
Knop, K. (2017). Prawne aspekty współpracy uczelni wyższych z otoczeniem gospodarczym w zakresie komercjalizacji wyników badań naukowych (Legal aspects of cooperation between universities and the economic environment in the field of commercialization of research results). Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica, 82, 55-71.
Kuner, C., Bygrave, L. A., & Docksey, C. (2019). The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): A Commentary. Oxford University Press.
Kusiak, W., Matusiak, K. B., & Guliński, J. (2020). Smart Specialization in Poland: Towards the Application of the Concept in Regional Innovation Policies. Regional Studies, Regional Science, 7(1), 114-130.
Lissoni, F., Llerena, P., McKelvey, M., & Sanditov, B. (2008). Academic patenting in Europe: New evidence from the KEINS database. Research Policy, 37(2), 376-390.
Lockett, A., Wright, M., & Franklin, S. (2003). Technology transfer and universities’ spin-out strategies. Small Business Economics, 20(2), 185-200.
López-García, D., Puig, F., & Segarra-Oña, M. V. (2018). A study on the university-industry cooperation practices in Spain: A comparison between public and private universities. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 3(4), 258-268.
Łukiewicz, J., & Matuszak-Flejszman, A. (2019). Współpraca uczelni wyższych z biznesem - problemy, perspektywy i potrzeby (Cooperation between universities and business - problems, prospects and needs). Problemy Zarządzania, 17(2), 150-164.
Marginson, S., & Considine, M. (2000). The Enterprise University: Power, Governance, and Reinvention in Australia. Cambridge University Press.
Mazurkiewicz, P., & Żyła, M. (2019). Interactions between Science and Business in Poland. In S. Matyja, A. Stępniak-Kucharska, & A. Zabłocki (Eds.), Challenges for Science and Technology Policy in Poland (pp. 177-195). Springer.
Mowery, D. C., Nelson, R. R., Sampat, B. N., & Ziedonis, A. A. (2004). Ivory Tower and Industrial Innovation: University-Industry Technology Transfer Before and After the Bayh-Dole Act. Stanford University Press.
Muscio, A., & Vallanti, G. (2014). University–industry linkages and academic spin-off firms in Italy: The case of the high-tech sector. Journal of Technology Transfer, 39(4), 629-650.
Perkmann, M., Tartari, V., McKelvey, M., Autio, E., Broström, A., D'Este, P., ... & Sobrero, M. (2013). Academic engagement and commercialization: A review of the literature on university–industry relations. Research Policy, 42(2), 423-442.
Polt, W., Rønning, L., & Rammer, C. (2001). Understanding university-industry cooperation in Europe: A survey of the literature. European Journal of Innovation Management, 4(1), 3-12.
Ranga, M., & Etzkowitz, H. (2013). Triple Helix systems: an analytical framework for innovation policy and practice in the Knowledge Society. Industry and Higher Education, 27(4), 237-262.
Rothaermel, F. T., Agung, S. D., & Jiang, L. (2007). University entrepreneurship: a taxonomy of the literature. Industrial and Corporate Change, 16(4), 691-791.
Sikorski, C. (2011). Współpraca uczelni z przedsiębiorcami na przykładzie umów o współpracy badawczej (Cooperation between universities and entrepreneurs on the example of research cooperation agreements). Przegląd Prawa Handlowego, 11, 52-56.
Skowronek-Mielczarek, A., & Jelonek, D. (2018). Współpraca uczelni wyższych z otoczeniem gospodarczym w Polsce - uwarunkowania, problemy, szanse (Cooperation of universities with the economic environment in Poland - conditions, problems, opportunities). Przedsiębiorczość i Zarządzanie, 19(2), 19-32.
Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport. (2018). Spanish University System: https://www.educacion.gob.es/en/university-education/overview-of-the-spanish-university-system.html
Sweeney, L. (2013). Discrimination in online ad delivery. Communications of the ACM, 56(5), 44-54.
Wright, M., Clarysse, B., Lockett, A., & Knockaert, M. (2008). Mid-range universities’ linkages with industry: Knowledge types and the role of intermediaries. Research Policy, 37(8), 1205-1223.
Zawadzka-Pąk, U. (2016). Odpowiedzialność uczelni za wyniki współpracy z przedsiębiorcami (Responsibility of a university for the results of cooperation with entrepreneurs). Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio G – Ius, 49(2), 227-240.
Zawadzki, M. (2015). University-industry collaboration in Poland: new developments and prospects. Industry and Higher Education, 29(1), 35-43.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Aleksandra Syryt
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 308
Number of citations: 0
