"Gęśli" Jana Rybińskiego – świadectwo normalizacji polszczyzny renesansowej Torunia

Abstrakt

The article discusses the language of twenty songs by the 16th century poet Jan Rybiński, collected in Gęśli różnorymych Księga 1. The collection was published in Toruń in the printing house of Andrzej Koteniusz in 1593 as one of the twenty-seven Polish prints. The design, phonetics and inflection share the characteristic features of other texts of the period. The rules of spelling, common in the 16th century, are reflected in the Toruń relic. The variety of forms is well visible in the area of phonetics. Some phenomena demonstrate the conservatism of the text (there is no compensation for the forms with ablaut, smętek, smętny; the advantage of the group with -mgl over the one with -mdl-). Here the language of Gęśli may reflect the author’s pronunciation best. Some phenomena (the exclusive use of the pronoun wszystko,  the advantage of wszystcy over wszytcy, personal pronouns with nasalization) show that the author came from the Greater Poland Voivodeship (also known the Wielkopolska Province). This dialect must have affected the Polish language of Toruń. The creative abilities of the poet are also reflected in the vocabulary analyzed. The majority of compounds are original. Out of 30 adjectives and 4 nouns, as many as 24 adjectives and 3 nouns are known only from the text analyzed.