Current prospects of urine cytology in diagnosis and follow-up urinary tract malignancies - the short review

Authors

  • Piotr Michał Jarosz Chair and Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska Street 11, 20-080 Lublin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0489-2600
  • Paweł Oszczędłowski Chair and Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska Street 11, 20-080 Lublin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7406-550X
  • Michalina Pytka Chair and Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska Street 11, 20-080 Lublin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4813-9357
  • Justyna Nowaczek Chair and Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska Street 11, 20-080 Lublin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7622-2345
  • Barbara Jodłowska-Jędrych Chair and Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska Street 11, 20-080 Lublin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3483-8752

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.09.092

Keywords

urinary tract, urinary bladder cancer, urine cytology, The Paris System, immunohistochemistry

Abstract

Introduction and purpose: Cytology of urine sediment is a diagnostic tool used to screen for urinary tract lesions in two cases: surveillance of patients with a history of urothelial malignancies and patients with unexplained, new onset haematuria. Since 2015 histopathological laboratories have been able to report urine cytology according to The Paris System (TPS).  Current studies suggest usefulness of urinary cytology in follow-up of urinary tract malignancies, especially urinary bladder cancer, which is the 13th most deadly throughout the world being responsible for 200 000 deaths in 2018 among neoplasms.

Objective: To review currently available data on PubMed about usefulness urine cytology reporting in follow-up and diagnosis of urinary tract malignancies.

A brief description of the state of knowledge: Advantages of urine cytology examination contain non-invasiveness, high specificity, lower cost than cystoscopy and enable immunohistochemistry performance as well. Implementation of The Paris System for reporting urine cytology has created an universally acceptable and globally used report system. Reporting according to TPS significantly reduced the number of cases described as atypical changes.

Conclusions: Urinary cytology is used to supplement endoscopic evaluation of the urinary tract in the screening and the surveillance of urothelial carcinoma. The Paris System for reporting urinary cytology has clarified the diagnostic categories of urine sediment examination. Cystoscopy and urine cytology are the standard tools for monitoring urinary tract malignancies.

References

Barkan GA, Wojcik EM, Nayar R, et al. The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology: The Quest to Develop a Standardized Terminology. Adv Anat Pathol. 2016;23(4):193-201.

Hassan M, Solanki S, Kassouf W, et al. Impact of Implementing the Paris System for Reporting Urine Cytology in the Performance of Urine Cytology: A Correlative Study of 124 Cases. Am J Clin Pathol. 2016;146(3):384-390.

VandenBussche CJ. A review of the Paris system for reporting urinary cytology. Cytopathology. 2016;27(3):153-156.

Brimo F, Auger M. The atypical urothelial cell category in the Paris System: Strengthening the Achilles' heel. Cancer Cytopathol. 2016;124(5):305-306.

Stanzione N, Ahmed T, Fung PC, et al. The continual impact of the Paris System on urine cytology, a 3-year experience. Cytopathology. 2020;31(1):35-40.

Saginala K, Barsouk A, Aluru JS, Rawla P, Padala SA, Barsouk A. Epidemiology of Bladder Cancer. Med Sci (Basel). 2020;8(1):15. Published 2020 Mar 13.

Katharine C, Harry R. Holt, Stephanie C. Hodges, Bladder Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment, Am Fam Physician. 2017 Oct 15;96(8):507-514

Mohamed Ismat Abdulmajed, et al. What are the currently available and in development molecular markers for bladder cancer? Will they prove to be useful in the future? Turk J Urol. 2014 Dec; 40(4): 228–232.

Touijer AK, Dalbagni G. Role of voided urine cytology in diagnosing primary urethral carcinoma. Urology 2004 Jan;63(1):33-5.

EAU Guidelines. Edn. presented at the EAU Annual Congress Amsterdam 2020. ISBN 978-94-92671-07-3. EAU Guidelines Office, Arnhem, The Netherlands

Shahrokh F Shariat, Jose A Karam, Yair Lotan, Pierre I Karakiewizc, Critical Evaluation of Urinary Markers for Bladder Cancer Detection and Monitoring, Rev Urol. 2008 Spring; 10(2): 120–135.

G. Köhler, C. Milstein; Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity; Nature, 256 (1975), pp. 495-497

Srivastava R, Arora VK, Aggarwal S, Bhatia A, Singh N, Agrawal V. Cytokeratin-20 immunocytochemistry in voided urine cytology and its comparison with nuclear matrix protein-22 and urine cytology in the detection of urothelial carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol. 2012;40(9):755-759.

Böhm M, Schostak M, Hakenberg OW. Urinary immunocytology--promise or nonseller? A review with an opinion. Urol Oncol. 2014;32(4):383-390.

Bhatia A, Dey P, Kumar Y, et al. Expression of cytokeratin 20 in urine cytology smears: a potential marker for the detection of urothelial carcinoma. Cytopathology. 2007;18(2):84-86.

Lekili M,Sener E,Demir MA,Temeltas G,Muezziniglu T,Buyuksu C. Comparision of nuclear matrix protein‐22 with voided urine cytology in the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Urol Res 2004; 32: 124–128.

Piaton, E. , Advenier, A. , Carré, C. , Decaussin‐Petrucci, M. , Mège‐Lechevallier, F. , Hutin, K. , Nennig, C. , Colombel, M. and Ruffion, A. (2017), p16/Ki‐67 dual labeling and urinary cytology results according to the New Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology: Impact of extended follow‐up. Cancer Cytopathology, 125: 552-562.

Singh HK, Bubendorf L, Mihatsch MJ, Drachenberg CB, Nickeleit V. Urine cytology findings of polyomavirus infections. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2006;577:201-212.

Barkan, G. A., Wojcik, E. M., Nayar, R., Savic-Prince, S., Quek, M. L., Kurtycz, D. F. I., & Rosenthal, D. L. (2016). The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology: The Quest to Develop a Standardized Terminology. Acta Cytologica, 60(3), 185-197.

Zheng X, Si Q, Du D, et al. The Paris System for urine cytology in upper tract urothelial specimens: A comparative analysis with biopsy and surgical resection. Cytopathology. 2018;29:184–188.

Vanda F. et al. Implementation of the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology results in lower atypical diagnostic rates Torous, Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology , Volume 6 , Issue 5 , 205 – 210

Cowan ML, VandenBussche CJ. The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology: early review of the literature reveals successes and rare shortcomings. J Am Soc Cytopathol. 2018;7(4):185-194.

Downloads

Published

2020-09-26

How to Cite

1.
JAROSZ, Piotr Michał, OSZCZĘDŁOWSKI, Paweł, PYTKA, Michalina, NOWACZEK, Justyna and JODŁOWSKA-JĘDRYCH, Barbara. Current prospects of urine cytology in diagnosis and follow-up urinary tract malignancies - the short review. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. Online. 26 September 2020. Vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 763-769. [Accessed 4 July 2025]. DOI 10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.09.092.

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 9 (2020)

Section

Short Articles

License

The periodical offers access to content in the Open Access system under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0

Stats

Number of views and downloads: 2262
Number of citations: 0