Causes of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.05.001Keywords
overweight, obesity, dietAbstract
Obesity is caused by positive energy balance. Excessive body weight in children is classified by using charts for body mass index (BMI). The prevalence of overweight and obesity is a growing public health problem worldwide. Excess body fat may lead to serious health problems in later life, so it is important to know the main reasons causing weight gain. Those could be classified as genetic and non-genetic factors. The second ones include medical problems (e.g. endocrine and neurological diseases), family and social impact, environmental influence, bad eating habits, sedentary lifestyle, cultural factors. There are two most important phases in life such as infancy and puberty, which may determine development of overweight or obesity. It is crucial to pay special attention on those periods to prevent weight gain development.
References
Kuźbicka K, Rachoń D. Bad eating habits as the main cause of obesity among children. Pediatric endocrynology. 2013;19(3):106-10.
World Health Organization [WHO] (2018a). Obesity and Overweight. Available at:https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight (accessed April 03,2020).
Raj M, Kumar R. K. Obesity in children & adolescents. Indian J Med Res. 2010;132(5):598–607
Brzeziński M, Metelska P, Myśliwiec M, Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz A. Lipid disorders in children living with overweight and obesity- large cohort study from Poland. Lipids in Health and Disease. 2020;19:47.
Yusuf Z. I, Dongarwar D, Yusuf R. A, Bell M, Harris T, Salihu H. M. Social Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Children in the United States. International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS 2020; 9:22-33.
Jarosz M, Wolnicka K, Kłosowska J. Czynniki środowiskowe związane z występowaniem nadwagi i otyłości wśród dzieci i młodzieży. Postępy Nauk Medycznych. 2011;9:770-777.
Hobbs M, Radley D. Obesogenic environments and obesity: a comment on ‘Are environmental area characteristics at birth associated with overweight and obesity in school-aged children? Findings from the SLOPE (Studying Lifecourse Obesity PrEdictors) population-based cohort in the south of England’. BMC Medicine. 2020;18:59.
Rocha S. G. M. O, Rocha H. A. L, Leite A. J. M, Machado M. M. T, Lindsay A. C, Campos J. S, Cunha A. J. L. A., Silva A. C., Correia L. L. Environmental, Socioeconomic, Maternal, and Breastfeeding Factors Associated with Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Ceará, Brazil: A Population-Based Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17,1557.
Xu S, Xue Y. Pediatric obesity: Causes, symptoms, prevention and treatment (Review). Experimental and therapeutic medicine. 2016; 11:15-20.
Fichna P, Skowrońska B. Otyłość oraz zespół metaboliczny u dzieci i młodzieży. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review 2008;10,2:269–278.
Drewa A, Zorena K. Profilaktyka nadwagi i otyłości u dzieci i młodzieży w krajach europejskich. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2017;23,3:152-158.
Güngör N. K. Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents.J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2014;6(3):129-143.
Maślanek A, Pieszko M, Małgorzewicz S. Przyczyny otyłości prostej u dzieci i młodzieży. Forum Zaburzeń Metabolicznych 2013;4(1):29-36.
Majcher A, Czerwonogrodzka-Senczyna A, Bielecka-Jasiocha J, Rumińska M, Witkowska-Sędek E. Rozwój otyłości we wczesnym dzieciństwie – obserwacje własne. Probl Hig Epidemiol. 2011;92(2):241-246.
Kędzior A, Jakubek-Kipa K, Brzuszek M, Mazur A. Trendy w występowaniu nadwagi i otyłości u dzieci na świecie, w Europie i w Polsce. Endokrynol. Ped. 2017;16.1.58:41-48.
Dietz W. H, Gortmaker S. L. Preventing obesity in children and adolescents. Annu. Rev. Public Health 2001;22:337–353.
Zarychta K, Banik A, Kulis E, Boberska M, Radtke T, Chan C. K. Y, Luszczynska A. Parental Depression Predicts Child Body Mass via Parental Support Provision, Child Support Receipt, and Child Physical Activity: Findings From Parent/Caregiver–Child Dyads. Front. Psychol. 2020;11(161).
Neshteruk C. D, Mazzucca S, Vaughn A. E, Jones D. J, Ward D. S. Identifying patterns of physical activity and screen time parenting practices and associations with preschool children’s physical activity and adiposity. Preventive Medicine Reports 2020;18.
Stahlmann K, Hebestreit A, DeHenauw S, Hunsberger M, Kaprio J, Lissner L, Molnár D, Ayala-Marín A. M, Reisch L. A, Russo P, Tornaritis M, Veidebaum T, Pohlabeln H, Bogl L. H. A cross-sectional study of obesogenic behaviours and family rules according to family structure in European children. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2020;17:32.
Ra J. S, Yun H. J. Risk Factors in Early Life for Preschool Children in Korea that are Associated with Being Overweight or Obese. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2020;11(1):15-26.
Duchen K, Faresjö A. O, Klingberg S, Faresjö T, Ludvigsson J. Fatty fish intake in mothers during pregnancy and in their children in relation to the development of obesity and overweight in childhood: The prospective ABIS study. Obes Sci Pract . 2020;6:57 69.
Spaniol A. M, Macedo da Costa T. H, Bortolini G. A, Gubert M. B. Breastfeeding reduces ultra-processed foods and sweetened beverages consumption among children under two years old. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:330.
Watchmaker B, Boyd B, Dugas L. R. Newborn feeding recommendations and practices increase the risk of development of overweight and obesity. BMC Pediatrics. 2020;20:104.
Okour A. M, Saadeh R. A, Hijazi M. H, Al Khalaileh H. E, Alfaqih M. A. Socioeconomic status, perceptions and obesity among adolescents in Jordan. Pan African Medical Journal. 2019;34:148.
Kleiser C, Rosario A. S, Mensink G. BM, Prinz-Langenohl R, Kurth B. M. Potential determinants of obesity among children and adolescents in Germany: results from the cross-sectional KiGGS study. BMC Public Health 2009;9:46.
Robinson T. N, Banda J. A, Hale L, Lu A. S, Fleming-Milici F, Calvert S. L, Wartella E. Screen media exposure and obesity in children adolescents. Pediatrics. 2017;140(2):97-101.
Cappuccio F. P, Taggart F. M, Kandala N-B, Currie A, Peile E, Stranges S, Miller M. A. Meta-Analysis of Short Sleep Duration and Obesity in Children and Adults. Sleep. 2008;31(5):619–626.
Wilding S., Ziauddeen N., Smith D., Roderick P., Chase D., Alwan N. A. Are environmental area characteristics at birth associated with overweight and obesity in school-aged children? Findings from the SLOPE (Studying Lifecourse Obesity PrEdictors) population-based cohort in the south of England. BMC Medicine. 2020;18:43.
Lai L, Zhang T, Zeng X, Tan W, Cai L, Chen Y. Association between Physician-Diagnosed Asthma and Weight Status among Chinese Children: The Roles of Lifestyle Factors. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020;17,1599.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The periodical offers access to content in the Open Access system under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 1240
Number of citations: 0
