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Journal of Education, Health and Sport

Prevention and treatment of high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)
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Prevention and treatment of high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)

Authors

  • Karol Mazur Faculty of Medicine Medical University of Lublin Chodźki Street 19 20-093 Lublin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3459-2588
  • Dominik Machaj Faculty of Medicine Medical University of Lublin Chodźki Street 19 20-093 Lublin
  • Sandra Jastrzębska Faculty of Medicine Medical University of Lublin Chodźki Street 19 20-093 Lublin
  • Alicja Płaczek Medical Faculty University of Rzeszow Pigonia Street 6 35-310 Rzeszow
  • Dominika Mazur Medical Faculty University of Rzeszow Pigonia Street 6 35-310 Rzeszow

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.02.015

Keywords

high altitude pulmonary edema, HAPE, prevention, treatment

Abstract

High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a life-threatening form of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, that develops within the first 2–5 days in rapidly ascending individuals at altitudes above 2,500-3,000 m. The clinical features are cyanosis, tachypnoea,tachycardia and elevated body temperature generally not exceeding 38.5 °C. It is often severe and potentially fatal manifestation of acute mountain sickness (AMS).

The aim of this study was to assess the methods of prevention and treatment of high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). Our study material consisted of publications, which were found in PubMed, ResearchGate and Google Scholar databases. The first step was to find proper publications from the last 30 years .The second step was to carry out an overview of the found publications.

Gradual ascent and staged ascent are the most effective methods of prevention of HAPE Pharmacologic prophylaxis with nifedipine should only be considered for individuals with a history of HAPE.  Before initiating treatment of HAPE differential diagnosis should be done. Descent shoud be initaited and oxygen therapy shoud be started when HAPE is suspected or diagnosed. If these methods are unavailable, nifedipine or Gamow bag can be used.

References

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Luks A.M., Auerbach P.S., Freer L., Grissom C.K., Keyes L.E., Intosh M.C. et al. Wilderness Medical Society Practice Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of acute altitude illness: 2019 update. Wilderness Environ Med. 2019; 30: S3–S18.

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Jones, B.E., Stokes, S., McKenzie, S., Nilles, E., and Stoddard, G.J. Management of high altitude pulmonary edema in the Himalaya: a review of 56 cases presenting at Pheriche medical aid post (4240 m). Wilderness Environ Med. 2013; 24: 32–36.

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Published

2020-02-21

How to Cite

1.
MAZUR, Karol, MACHAJ, Dominik, JASTRZĘBSKA, Sandra, PŁACZEK, Alicja and MAZUR, Dominika. Prevention and treatment of high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). Journal of Education, Health and Sport. Online. 21 February 2020. Vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 114-119. [Accessed 5 July 2025]. DOI 10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.02.015.
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Vol. 10 No. 2 (2020)

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Review Articles

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