Diet and Oral Supplementation as Adjuncts to Pharmacological Treatment in Thyroid Diseases: A Narrative Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2026.95.73649Keywords
thyroid diseases;, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Graves’ disease, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, selenium, iodine, vitamin D, zinc, myo-inositol, gluten-free diet, dietary supplementation, levothyroxine, utoimmune thyroid diseaseAbstract
Background: Thyroid diseases, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and Graves’ disease, represent a major global health burden. Despite the established efficacy of pharmacological treatments such as levothyroxine and antithyroid drugs, a proportion of patients experience residual symptoms, suboptimal biochemical control, or progressive autoimmunity. Growing evidence suggests that dietary modifications and oral supplementation with specific micronutrients may serve as clinically relevant adjuncts to standard pharmacotherapy, modulating thyroid hormone metabolism, immune regulation, and antioxidant defence.
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