SGLT2 Inhibitors in the Management of Hypomagnesemia in Patients Without Diabetes. A Narrative Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2026.94.73168Keywords
Hypomagnesemia, SGLT2-inhibitors, Magnesium, Empagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, Non-diabeticAbstract
Introduction:
Hypomagnesemia remains an underdiagnosed and undertreated condition, despite its profound adverse health effects. Recently, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors have emerged as effective agents in elevating serum magnesium levels.
Aim of the Study:
The aim of the study is a critical appraisal of the literature regarding the efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in elevating serum magnesium levels in hypomagnesemic, non-diabetic patients.
Methods and Materials:
A literature search was conducted across major electronic databases for randomized controlled studies, post-hoc analyses of randomized controlled studies, observational studies and case reports evaluating the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on serum magnesium levels, with particular attention to the non-diabetic patient population. Seven articles met the eligibility criteria and formed the basis of this review.
Results:
Available data suggest that the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in non-diabetic patients with hypomagnesemia was consistently associated with increased serum magnesium levels. Patients with lower baseline magnesium concentrations appeared to experience more pronounced improvement of serum magnesium levels, which increased predominantly early in treatment before stabilizing at a plateau. In addition, treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors was frequently associated with a reduced need for magnesium supplementation. In the reviewed literature, data on safety and adverse effects were limited. The included studies had important methodological limitations, including small sample sizes and a predominantly retrospective observational design. Therefore, further well-designed prospective studies are required to confirm the observed effects and better characterize the safety profile of SGLT2 inhibitors in this population.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Aleksandra Wajs, Michał Sęk, Maja Elertowicz, Dominika Darasz, Dominik Zając, Marek Łobaziewicz, Patrycja Powaga, Aleksandra Gródek, Julia Kierner
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