Lipedema

Current Understanding, Diagnosis and Multimodal Management Approaches

Abstract

Background. Lipedema is a chronic and progressive fat disorder that affects ~11% of the female population. It is characterized by bilateral, disproportionate accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue predominantly in the lower body. Symptoms include pain, bruising, swelling, and subcutaneous nodules that are resistant to traditional interventions such as diet and exercise.

Aim. The objective of this review is to summarize recent evidence on the characteristics, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of lipedema.

Matherial and Methods. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database. The inclusion criteria were “full free text” and English scientific articles, published between 2015 and 2025. A total of 74 records were found, of which    publications were ultimately included in the review.

Results. Awareness of lipedema in the medical field is increasing, but its differential diagnosis still remains a challenge. Lipedema is often unrecognized or misdiagnosed as obesity or lymphedema.

Conclusion. This narrative review provides a deeper understanding of lipedema as a serious condition, discusses its pathophysiology and treatment options. The data reveal advances in knowledge, particularly in conservative and surgical treatment with a focus on improving quality of life. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence confirming the safety and efficacy of various treatment methods. Further research is required to ensure the safety and increase the efficacy of treatment for this complex condition known as lipedema.