The comparison of the relationship between body composition and physical fitness in students of sports championship classes in early specialized (gymnastics) and late specialized (judo) sports
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2025.86.67284Keywords
gymnastics, judo, sports championship school, body composition, physical fitnessAbstract
Backgrounds The purpose of this study is to compare the level of physical fitness and the effect of body composition on the level of physical fitness in boys training in sports at the elementary school level in early specialization sports (gymnastic sports), non-early specialization sports (judo) and in classes not training in competitive sports.
Material and methods. The study included students in the gymnastics-sports-jumping trampoline classes (n=8), with an average age of 11.54; judo classes (n=11) with an average age of 12.66; and general classes (n=25) with an average age of 12.21 at the elementary school level.
Results. Among the subjects, the highest level of physical fitness was shown in students participating in gymnastic sports, followed by those training judo and students not participating in competitive sports. There was a significant difference in fitness levels between students of early specialty sports and non-sports students, as well as the effect of body composition on fitness levels in all the groups studied.
Conclusion. In order to optimize the training process, it is necessary to introduce individualized diets adapted to the training process in the sports championship classes, as well as classes on proper nutrition in sports and everyday life taking into account the puberty process.
References
1. Arnaoutis, G. Kavouras, S. A., Angelopoulou, A. Skoulariki, C. Bismpikou, S. Mourtakos, S. Sidossis, L. S. (2015). Fluid Balance During Training in Elite Young Athletes of Different Sports. J. Strength Conditioning Res. 29(12), 3447-3452. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000400
2. Aslan, C. S., Karakollukcu, M., Paoli, A., Bianco, A, Sahin, F. N. (2015). Effects of mini trampoline exercise on male gymnasts’ physiological parameters: a pilot study. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness. 55, 730-734.
3. Bagińska, J., Piepiora, P., Piepiora, Z., Witkowski, K. (2022). The geography of Olympic combat sports – part one: judo, karate, taekwondo. Arch. Budo. 18, 169-178.
4. Bergeron, M. F. (2015). Hydration in the Pediatric Athlete — How to Guide Your Patients. Curr. Sports Med. Rep. 14(4), 288-293. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000179
5. Body Composition Analyzer MC- 780MA Instruction Manual (2018). Tokio: Tanita Corporation.
6. Czajka, G. (2017). Program Szkolenia Sportowego w zakresie judo w Szkołach Podstawowych - Sportowych oraz Szkołach Podstawowych - Mistrzostwa Sportowego. Klasy 4 – 8. Warszawa: Polski Związek Judo. Poland
7. Damsgaard, R., Bencke, J., Matthiesen, G., Petersen, J. H., Müller, J. (2001). Body proportions, body composition and pubertal development of children in competitive sports. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports. 11, 54–6.
8. Detanico, D., Kons, R. L. (2023). Physical performance and somatic maturity in male and female judo athletes: An analysis in different age categories. J Bodywork Mov. Therapies. 34, 28-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.001
9. Donti, O., Bogdanis, G. C., Kritkou, M., Donti, A., Theodorakou, K. (2016). The Relative Contribution of Physical Fitness to the Technical Execution Score in Youth Rhythmic Gymnastics. J. Hum. Kinet. 51, 143-152. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0183
10. Eurofit: European tests of physical fitness (1988). Rome: Committee for Development of Sport, Council of Europe.
11. Franchini, E., Del Vecchio, F. B., Matsushigue, K. A., Artioli, G. G. (2011). Physiological Profiles of Elite Judo Athletes. Sports Med. 41, 147–166. doi: 10.2165/11538580-000000000-00000
12. Hes, B. (2018). Charakterystyka somatyczna i motoryczna uczniów pierwszych klas sportowych o profilu akrobatyka sportowa. Aktywność ruchowa ludzi w różnym wieku. 40, 4, 69 – 78. Poland
13. Kujach, S., Chroboczek, M., Jaworska, J., Sawicka, A., Smaruj, M., Winklewski, P., Laskowski, R. (2022). Judo training program improves brain and muscle function and elevates the peripheral BDNF concentration among the elderly. Sci. Rep. 16, 12(1), 13900. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022017719-6
14. Kurzyna-Chmiel, D. (2021). Prowadzenie Samorządowych Szkół Sportowych i Szkół Mistrzostwa Sportowego w warunkach współdziałania. Acta Iurdica Resoviensia. 3, 34, 161-173. doi: 10.15584/actaires.2021.3.12
15. Lech, G., Pałka, T., Tyłka, A., Sterkowicz, S., Sterkowicz-Przybycień, K. L., Szyguła, Z., Kłys, A. (2011). Body Build and body composition vs. physical capacity in young judo contestants compared to untrained subjects. Biol. Sport. 28, 4, 271-277. doi: 10.5604/965486
16. Leger, L.A., Mercier, D., Gadoury, C., Lambert, J. (1988). The multistage 20 meter shuttle run test for aerobic fitness. J. Sports Sci. 6, 93-101.
17. Ministerstwo Sportu i Turystyki. Wymogi formalne dotyczące utworzenia publicznej i niepublicznej szkoły mistrzostwa sportowego oraz ośrodka szkolenia sportowego młodzieży realizujących szkolenie młodzieży uzdolnionej ze środków FRKF z dnia 05.03.2018 r., Poland
18. Masanovic, B., Popovic, S., Bjelica, D. (2019). Comparative study of anthropometric measurement and body composition between basketball players from different competitive levels: elite and sub – elite. Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports. 23(4), 176-81. doi: 10.15561/18189172.2019.0403
19. Mohammed, M.A., Joshi, M. (2015). Study of some physiological responses associated with performance on trampoline of Youth female Gymnasts in Aurangabad city. Int. J. Phys. Edu. Sports Health. 2, 33-36.
20. Nowosielska-Swadźba, D., Kunicki, M., Zwolińska, D. (2016). Ocena składu ciała u osób trenujących pływanie i hokej na lodzie. Aktywność ruchowa ludzi w różnym wieku 30, 2, 45- 55. Poland
21. Osipov, A. Y., Kudryavtsev, M. D., Iermakov, S. S., Jagiełło, W. (2017). Criteria for effective sports selection in judo schools – on example of sportsmanship’sprogress of young judo athletes in Russian Federation. Arch Budo. 13, 179-187.
22. Piepiora, P., Witkowski, K. (2020). Personality profile of combat sports champions against neo-gladiators. Arch. Budo. 16, 281-293.
23. Piepiora, P., Naczyńska, A. (2023). Personality Traits vs. Sports Classes of Polish Representatives in Junior Sports Acrobatics. Sports. 11(10), 194. doi: 10.3390/sports11100194
24. Plon, J., Fransen, J., Lenoir, M., Sagers, V. (2014). The value of non- sport-specific characteristic of talent orientation in young male judo, karate and taekwondo athletes. Arch. Budo. 10, 147- 154.
25. Polski Związek Gimnastyczny. (2017). Wieloletni program szkolenia w sportach gimnastycznych dla oddziałów i szkół sportowych oraz oddziałów i szkół mistrzostwa sportowego. Poland
26. Polski Związek Judo. (2024). Regulamin Sportowy Polskiego Związku Judo. [aktualizowany 21.03.2024 r.]. Poland
27. Rozporządzenie Ministra Edukacji Narodowej z dnia 27 marca 2017 r. w sprawie oddziałów i szkół sportowych oraz oddziałów i szkół mistrzostwa sportowego (Dz.U. 2017 poz. 671) z późn. zm. Poland
28. Rules for Junior and World Age Group Competition (WAGC) Trampoline Gymnastic (2020). Lausanne: Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique.
29. Stańczyk, M., Krenc, Z., Tkaczyk, M. (2013). Wpływ regularnej aktywności fizycznej na skład ciała i ciśnienie tętnicze dzieci ze szkoły sportowej. Pediatr. Med. Rodz. 9(2), 165–172. Poland.
30. Smith, J. E. W., Holmes, M. E., McAllister, M. J. (2015). Nutritional Considerations for Performance in Young Athletes. J. Sports Med. 734649. doi:10.1155/2015/734649
31. Söğüt, M., Luz, L. G. O., Kaya, Ö. B., Altunsoy, K., Doğan, A. A., Kirazci, S., Clemente, F. M., Nikolaidis, P. T., Rosemann, T., Knechtle, B. (2019). Age- and Maturity-Related Variations in Morphology, Body Composition, and Motor Fitness among Young Female Tennis Players. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 16, 2412. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16132412
32. Sport and Organisation Rules (2023). Saint-Maur-des-Fossés: International Judo Federation
33. System Sportu Młodzieżowego. Regulamin Współzawodnictwa Sportowego Młodzieży Uzdolnionej, Część C - Gimnastyka Sportowa. (2024). Warszawa: Instytut Sportu. Poland
34. Witkowski, K., Superson, M., Piepiora, P. (2021). Body composition and motor potential of judo athletes in selected weight categories. Arch. Budo. 17, 161-175.
35. Witkowski, K., Piepiora, P., Migasiewicz, J. Maśliński, J., Salachna, A. (2018). Physical fitness, developmental age and somatic development of youth Greco-Roman wrestlers and school youth aged 13-14 years. Arch. Budo Sci. Martial Art Extreme Sport. 14, 63-74.
36. WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour: at a glance (2020). Geneva: World Health Organization.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Gracjan Kuczyński, Adam Prokopczyk
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The periodical offers access to content in the Open Access system under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 11
Number of citations: 0
