Four stages after stress reactions

Abstract

Stress is the main cause of non-communicable diseases. Currently, the prevailing concept is that there are two stages of post-stress reactions: the sympathetic and the neuroendocrine stages, as defined by Selye.

Taking into account the ideas of nervism and in accordance with the available biochemical and pathophysiological data, we propose to consider post-stress reactions in the form of 4 stages: 1. Sympathetic. 2. Parasympathetic. 3. Neuroendocrine. 4. Dysmetabolic.

At the first stage, the mediators are norepinephrine and adrenaline, at the second stage – acetylcholine, kinins, lipopolysaccharide, at the third – corticosteroids, thyroxine, at the fourth – various metabolites and microbe forums.