Recurrent inflammation in otorhinolaryngology as a manifestation of autoimmune diseases

Abstract

Background. Recurrent inflammation of the ear, nose, sinuses, and throat may be the first manifestation of autoimmune diseases. Common symptoms such as chronic otitis media, recurrent sinusitis, hoarseness, or nasal pain often do not cause concern but may be symptoms of diseases such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and Sjogren’s syndrome (SS). Early recognition of the relationship between ENT symptoms and the autoimmune process allows for faster implementation of treatment directed at the underlying disease, significantly improving prognosis and reducing the risk of permanent multi-organ complications.

Aim. The aim of this article is to present the relationship between recurrent inflammation in the head and neck region and autoimmune diseases. Symptoms in the nose, throat, or mouth may be the first noticeable sign of a systemic disease, making it crucial to consider these conditions, especially in cases that are resistant to standard therapy.

Material and methods. This article consists of a review of 27 publications selected based on the size of the study groups and the current state of knowledge.

Results. Autoimmune and otolaryngological diseases are closely linked, and their coexistence can lead to exacerbation of symptoms and a decline in patients' quality of life.

Conclusions. Early detection of these correlations and appropriate multidisciplinary treatment, including collaboration between otolaryngologists, rheumatologists, dermatologists, and family physicians, is crucial for the effective treatment of these conditions.