Somato-Regulatory Imbalance as a Pathophysiological Basis of Civilization Diseases

Anatoliy Gozhenko; Olena Gozhenko; Walery Zukow; Hanna Pavlega

doi:10.12775/JEHS.2025.83.64550

Authors

Anatoliy Gozhenko Ukrainian Scientific Research Institute of Medicine of Transport, Odesa, UKRAINE https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7413-4173
Olena Gozhenko Ukrainian Scientific Research Institute of Medicine of Transport, Odesa, UKRAINE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4071-1304
Walery Zukow Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, POLAND https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7675-6117
Hanna Pavlega Ukrainian Scientific Research Institute of Medicine of Transport, Odesa, UKRAINE https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6405-1026

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2025.83.64550

Keywords

somatoregulatory imbalance, pathophysiology, diseases of civilization, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, endothelial dysfunction, autonomic nervous system, advanced glycation end-products, reactive oxygen species, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Abstract

Background

The global burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), continues to rise, posing a serious challenge to public health. Understanding the complex pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these conditions is critical for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Aim

This study aims to investigate the interconnected pathways linking metabolic dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiovascular complications, with a particular emphasis on the role of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).

Methods

A comprehensive analysis of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and dysfunction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was conducted. Biomarkers were evaluated, including free fatty acids (FFAs), lipoproteins (HDL, LDL, VLDL), and inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α).

Results

The results demonstrate significant correlations between metabolic syndrome (MetS), endothelial dysfunction (ED), and ischemic heart disease (IHD). Elevated body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) were associated with increased somatoregulatory imbalance (SRI) and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity showed strong associations with nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and vascular function.

Conclusions

The study reveals complex interactions between metabolic and cardiovascular pathways, highlighting the importance of integrated therapeutic approaches targeting multiple systems simultaneously. These findings contribute to the understanding of the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) burden and inform World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on NCD prevention.

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Gozhenko, A. I. (Ed.). (2024). Medical handbook for seafarers (General information on emergency conditions, diseases, principles of providing first pre-medical aid). Black Sea Sailors' Organization. (Original work published in Ukrainian)

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Gozhenko, A. I., Chernenko, O. V. (2023). Professional psychological selection of seafarers. Bulletin of Marine Medicine, (2), 175–182. (Original work published in Russian)

Gozhenko, A. I., Grigorishin, P. M., Tanasuk, V. S., & Shelyag, A. R. (1984). Device for temperature measurement. A.s. № 1081436, Bulletin of Inventions, (11), 24. (Original work published in Russian)

Gozhenko, A. I., Grigorishin, P. M., Tanasuk, V. S., & Shelyag, A. R. (1984). Temperature meter. Information Sheet № 84-02. Kyiv. (Original work published in Russian)

Gozhenko, A. I., Hryshko, Y. M., & Gorbach, T. V. (2019). Changes in the spectrum of free amino acids in blood plasma of patients with chronic kidney disease. Journal of Education, Health and Sport, 9(1), 381–388. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2560350

Gozhenko, A. I., Ivanov, B. I., Pakhmurny, B. A., Kokoshchuk, G. I., et al. (1976). On the mechanism of diuretic action of some hormonal and humoral factors. In Pharmacology for healthcare: Abstracts of the IV All-Union Congress of Pharmacologists (pp. 67–68). Leningrad. (Original work published in Russian)

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Gozhenko, A. I., Kochet, A. M. (2009, September 23–26). Organization of seafarers' medical support in Ukraine [Conference session]. 10th International Symposium on Maritime Health, Goa, India. (p. 19). (Original work published in English)

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Gozhenko, A. I., Kokoshchuk, G. I., Strikalenko, T. V., & Marega, I. N. (1980). On the hepatorenal syndrome in Masugi nephritis. In Abstracts of the II All-Union conference of nephrologists (p. 70). Moscow-Leningrad. (Original work published in Russian)

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Gozhenko, A. I., Koloskova, R. P., Kabashnyuk, V. A., Strikalenko, T. V., et al. (1979). Functional and biochemical features of kidney activity in hypoxia. In Special clinical physiology of hypoxic states (pp. 26–30). Kyiv. (Original work published in Russian)

Gozhenko, A. I., Korda, M. M., Smagliy, V. S., Badiuk, N. S., Zhukov, V. A., Klishch, I. M., Korda, I. V., Bombushkar, I. S., & Popovych, I. L. (2023). Uric acid, metabolism, neuroendocrine-immune complex: Monograph. Feniks. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7575158

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Gozhenko, A. I., Krishtal, N. V., Grigorishin, P. M., & Rogovoy, Yu. E. (1985). Renal and systemic effects of metabolic acidosis. In Nervous and humoral mechanisms of compensation under the action of pathogenic factors (pp. 27–29). Zaporozhye. (Original work published in Russian)

Gozhenko, A. I., Krishtal, N. V., Kukharuk, A. L., & Grach, Yu. I. (1985). Mechanisms of indomethacin influence on kidney function under hyper- and hyponatremic diet. In Pharmacology of kidneys (pp. 45–47). Kuibyshev. (Original work published in Russian)

Gozhenko, A. I., Kukharuk, A. L., & Grach, Yu. I. (1985). Kidney function and energy metabolism in rats with changes in circulating blood volume. Physiological Journal, 31(6), 32–39. (Original work published in Russian)

Gozhenko, A. I., Kukharuk, A. L., Dikusarov, V. V., & Grach, Yu. I. (1985). Role of hormonal mechanisms in impairment of renal functions. In Nervous and humoral mechanisms of compensation under the action of pathogenic factors (p. 73). Zaporozhye. (Original work published in Russian)

Gozhenko, A. I., Kukharuk, A. L., Dikusarov, V. V., & Grach, Yu. I. (1985). Function and energy metabolism of kidneys in rats with changes in circulating blood volume. Physiological Journal, 31(6), 32–39. (Original work published in Russian)

Gozhenko, A. I., Kukharchuk, A. L. (1985). Influence of progesterone on the ionoregulatory function of kidneys. Problems of Endocrinology, 31, 2134–2138. (Original work published in Russian)

Gozhenko, A. I., Kuznetsova, A. S., Kuznetsova, E. S., Kuznetsov, S. G., & Byts, T. N. (2018). Endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. Kidneys, 7(1), 18–24. (Original work published in Russian)

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Gozhenko, A. I., Pakhmurny, B. A., Kabashnyuk, V. A., Pishchak, V. P., & Chernovskaya, N. V. (1982). Sodium reabsorption and energy metabolism in kidney damage. In Damage and regulatory processes of the organism: Abstracts of the III All-Union Congress of Pathophysiologists (p. 83). Moscow. (Original work published in Russian)

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Gozhenko, A. I., Pakhmurny, B. A., Kokoshchuk, G. I., Svirsky, A. A., et al. (1976). Influence of metabolic acidosis on oxidative phosphorylation and carbonic anhydrase activity in comparison with excretory activity of kidneys. In Functional state of kidneys in extreme conditions: Materials of the All-Union symposium (p. 34). Leningrad. (Original work published in Russian)

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Gozhenko, A. I., Pavlega, H., Badiuk, N., & Zukow, W. (2024). Circulating in the blood desquamated endotheliocytes at the cardiovascular diseases. Preliminary communication. Quality in Sport, 19, 51571. https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2024.19.51571

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Gozhenko, A. I., Pavlega, H. E., Badiuk, N. S., & Gozhenko, O. A. (2024). Endothelial damage as the main link in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In Pathological physiology – health protection of Ukraine: Abstracts of the IX National Congress of Pathophysiologists of Ukraine with international participation (pp. 84–85). Ivano-Frankivsk: Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University. (Original work published in Russian)

Gozhenko, A. I., Svirsky, A. A., & Balaban, S. V. (2003). Work capacity of seafarers on container ships. In Occupational hygiene (Vol. 2, pp. 447–456). Institute of Occupational Medicine of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. (Original work published in Russian)

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Gozhenko, A. I., Strikalenko, T. V., Kokoshchuk, G. I., & Koloskova, R. P. (1975). On the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia in glomerulonephritis. In Functional properties of platelets in normal and pathological conditions: Abstracts of the scientific conference (pp. 112–114). Obninsk. (Original work published in Russian)

Gozhenko, A. I., Strikalenko, T. V., Kokoshchuk, G. I., & Koloskova, R. P. (1976). Immunological and biochemical aspects of kidney pathophysiology in nephritis. In E. B. Berkhin (Ed.), Regulation of kidney function and water-salt exchange (pp. 22–44). Barnaul. (Original work published in Russian)

Gozhenko, A. I., Strikalenko, T. V., Kokoshchuk, G. I., & Koloskova, R. P. (1976). Some pathogenetic mechanisms of chronic renal failure formation. In Functional state of kidneys in extreme conditions: Materials of the All-Union symposium (pp. 47–48). Leningrad. (Original work published in Russian)

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Somato-Regulatory Imbalance as a Pathophysiological Basis of Civilization Diseases

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