Amelioration of the “Truskavetska” bottled water by hydrogen-riching
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2025.78.59051Keywords
Hydrogen, chronic pyelonephritis, EEG, HRV, phagocytosis, metabolismAbstract
Background and aim. The “Truskavetska” bottled water (TW) is officially classified as table water and is not considered medicinal. Recently, it rats experiment we found that enrichment of TW with Hydrogen generally has a favorable effect on its stress-limiting capacity, associated with antioxidant activity. We hypothesized that enrichment of TW with Hydrogen may increase its physiological/therapeutical activity, in particular in relation to patients with chronic pyelonephritis. Testing this hypothesis was the aim of this study.
Material and methods. The object of observation were 22 men with chronic pyelonephritis. We determined the leukocyturia and bacteriuria levels and recorded EEG, HRV, phagocytosis, lipids peroxidation as well as routine hematological and biochemical blood parameters. The survey was conducted twice: on admission and after week of drinking of Naftussya bioactive water (NW) or TW by 200 mL for 1 hour before meals three times a day, or TW by 100 mL, mixed before use with 100 mL of regular water, but enriched with Hydrogen.
Results. It was found that TW does not affect catalase activity and blood levels of α2-globulines and sialic acids, while NW significantly increases them; after enrichment of TW with Hydrogen, it partially acquires the properties of NW, although it is still significantly inferior to it. On the other hand, Hydrogen gives TW the ability to reduce blood levels of MDA, bilirubin, prothrombin and eosinophils, which also brings it closer to NW. Instead, hydrogen-enriched TW even slightly outperforms NW in terms of enhancing the intensity of blood neutrophils phagocytosis, increasing serum lysozyme activity and urinary amylase excretion, on the one hand, and reducing leukocyturia and bacteriuria, blood levels of CIC and HDLP cholesterol, as well as vagal tone, on the other hand. In addition, enrichment of TW with Hydrogen eliminates caused by it the decrease in the blood content of erythrocytes and hemoglobin and even reverses the decrease in the entropy of EEG and HRV as well as PSD of theta-rhythm in occipital loci.
Conclusion. Enriching the low-activity "Truskavetska" bottled water with Hydrogen significantly increases its physiological activity to a level comparable to those of therapeutic Naftussya water, which is manifested in a favorable effect on leukocyturia and bacteriuria as well as phagocytosis, metabolism, and erythron in patients with chronic pyelonephritis.
References
1. Andreyeva, LI, Kozhemyakin, LA, Kishkun, AA. (1988). Modification of the method for determining the lipid peroxide in the test with thiobarbituric acid [in Russian]. Laboratornoye Delo, 11:41-43.
2. Baevskiy, R.M., Ivanov, G.G. (2001). Heart Rate Variability: theoretical aspects and possibilities of clinical application. Ultrazvukovaya i funktsionalnaya diagnostika, 3:106-127. [in Russian].
3. Bai, Y., Wang, C., Jiang, H., Wang, L., Li, N., Zhang, W., & Liu, H. (2022). Effects of hydrogen rich water and pure water on periodontal inflammatory factor level, oxidative stress level and oral flora: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Translational Medicine, 10(20).
4. Bazarnova, AG & Gette, ZP. (Editors) (1994). Clinical laboratory diagnostics [in Ukrainian]. Kyїv. Vyshcha shkola, 300.
5. Berntson, GG, Bigger, JT jr, Eckberg, DL, Grossman, P, Kaufman, PG, Malik, M, Nagaraja, HN, Porges, SW, Saul, JP, Stone, PH, Van der Molen, MW. (1997). Heart Rate Variability: Origines, methods, and interpretive caveats. Psychophysiology, 34:623-648. doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02140.x
6. Chebanenko, OI, Flyunt, IS, Popovych, IL, Balanovskyi, VP, Lakhin, PV. (1997). Water Naftussya and Water-salt Exchange [in Ukrainian]. Kyїv. Naukova dumka, 141.
7. Chen, W, Zhang, HT, Qin, SC. (2021). Neuroprotective Effects of Molecular Hydrogen: A Critical Review. Neurosci Bull, 37(3):389-404. doi: 10.1007/s12264-020-00597-1.
8. Datsko, OR, Bubnyak, AB, & Ivassivka SV. (2008). The organic part in mineral water Naftussya. Development of knowledges about its composition and origination [in Ukrainian]. Medical Hydrology and Rehabilitation, 6(1),168-174.
9. Dobashi, S., Takeuchi, K., & Koyama, K. (2020). Hydrogen-rich water suppresses the reduction in blood total antioxidant capacity induced by 3 consecutive days of severe exercise in physically active males. Medical Gas Research, 10(1),21-26.
10. Dubinina, YY, Yefimova, LF, Sofronova, LN, Geronimus, AL. (1988). Comparative analysis of the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase of erythrocytes and whole blood from newborn children with chronic hypoxia [in Russian]. Laboratornoye Delo, 8:16-19.
11. Esser, C, & Rannug, A. (2015). The aryl hydrocarbon receptor in barrier organ physiology, immunology, and toxicology. Pharmacol Rev, 67(2), 259-279.
12. Gavrilov, VB, Mishkorudnaya, MI. (1983). Spectrophotometric determination of plasma levels of lipid hydroperoxides [in Russian]. Laboratornoye Delo. 3: 33-36.
13. Goryachkovskiy, АМ. (1998). Clinical Biochemistry [in Russian]. Odesa. Astroprint, 608.
14. Gozhenko, AI. (2016). Functional-metabolic continuum [in Russian]. J of NAMS of Ukraine, 22 (1):3-8.
15. Gozhenko, АІ, Korda, MM, Popadynets, OO, Popovych, IL. (2021). Entropy, Harmony, Synchronization and their Neuro-endocrine-immune Correlates. Odesa. Feniks, 232. [in Ukrainian].
16. Heart Rate Variability. Standards of Measurement, Physiological Interpretation, and Clinical Use. Task Force of ESC and NASPE. (1996). Circulation, 93(5):1043-1065.
17. Ishibashi, T. (2019). Therapeutic Efficacy of Molecular Hydrogen: A New Mechanistic Insight. Curr Pharm Des, 25(9):946-955. doi: 10.2174/1381612825666190506123038.
18. Ivassivka, SV. (1997). Biologically Active Substances of Naftussya Water, their Genesis and Mechanisms of Physiological Action [in Ukrainian]. Kyїv. Naukova dumka, 110.
19. Ivassivka, SV, Kovbasnyuk, MM, Bubnyak, AB, & Sovyak, DG. (2010). Monitoring of the activity of the autochthonous microflora of the Naftussya water of the Truskavets’ field and its relationship with the organic factors of this water and the intensity of precipitation [in Ukrainian]. Medical hydrology and rehabilitation, 8(2), 57-78.
20. Jamialahmadi, H., Khalili-Tanha, G., Rezaei-Tavirani, M., & Nazari, E. (2024). The Effects of Hydrogen-Rich Water on Blood Lipid Profiles in Metabolic Disorders Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 22(3):e148600.
21. Khutoryansky, VA, Smirnov, AI, Matveev, DA, Ogarcova, LA, & Gambudgapova, LB. (2013). Extraction and chromate-mass-spectrometry investigation of organic components from mineral water “Munoc” [in Russian]. Medical hydrology and rehabilitation, 11(1), 88-96.
22. Klecka, WR. (1989). Discriminant Analysis [trans. from English in Russian] (Seventh Printing, 1986). In: Factor, Discriminant and Cluster Analysis. Moskwa: Finansy i Statistika, 78-138.
23. Korolyuk, MA, Ivanova, MI, Mayorova, IG, Tokarev, VYe. (1988). The method for determining the activity of catalase [in Russian]. Laboratornoye Delo, 1:16-19.
24. Kostyuk, PG, Popovych, IL, Іvassivka, SV (editors). (2006). Chornobyl’, Adaptive and Defensive Systems, Rehabilitation [in Ukrainian]. Kyїv. Computerpress, 348.
25. Kozyavkina, OV, Kozyavkina, NV, Gozhenko, OA, Gozhenko, AI, Barylyak, LG, & Popovych, IL. (2015). Bioactive Water Naftussya and Neuroendocrine-Immune Complex [in Ukrainian]. Kyїv. UNESCO-SOCIO, 349.
26. Kulchynskyi, AB, Kovbasnyuk, MM, Korolyshyn, TA, Kyjenko, VM, Zukow, W, Popovych, IL. (2016). Neuro-immune relationships at patients with chronic pyelonephrite and cholecystite. Communication 2. Correlations between parameters EEG, HRV and Phagocytosis. Journal of Education, Health and Sport, 6(10):377-401.
27. LeBaron, T. W., Singh, R. B., Fatima, G., Kartikey, K., Sharma, J. P., Ostojic, S. M., ... & Slezak, J. (2020). The effects of 24-week, high-concentration hydrogen-rich water on body composition, blood lipid profiles and inflammation biomarkers in men and women with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity, 889-896.
28. Liu, W., Zeng, D., Zhu, L., Sun, X., & Sun, X. (2013). Effect of hydrogen‐rich water on oxidative stress, liver function, and viral load in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Clinical and Translational Science, 6(5), 372-375.
29. Lukovych, Y.S., Popovych, A.I., Kovbasnyuk, M.M., Korolyshyn, T.A., Barylyak, L.G., & Poipovych, I.L. (2015). Neuroendocrine and immune support of the diuretic effect of balneotherapy at the Truskavets resort [in Ukrainian]. Nyrky, 2(12):7-14.
30. Makarenko, YeV. (1988). A comprehensive definition of the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase in red blood cells in patients with chronic liver disease [in Russian]. Laboratornoye Delo, 11:48-50.
31. Murray, IA, Perdew, GH. (2020). How Ah receptor ligand specificity became important in understanding its physiological function. Int J Mol Sci, 21(24), 9614.
32. Nakao, A., Toyoda, Y., Sharma, P., Evans, M., & Guthrie, N. (2010). Effectiveness of hydrogen rich water on antioxidant status of subjects with potential metabolic syndrome - an open label pilot study. Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition, 46(2), 140-149.
33. Polovynko, I.S., Zayats, L.M., Zukow, W, Popovych, I.L. (2013). Neuro-endocrine-immune relationships by chronic stress at male rats. Journal of Health Sciences, 3(12), 365-374.
34. Popadynets, O, Gozhenko, A, Badyuk, N, Popovych, I, Skaliy, A, Hagner-Derengowska, M, Napierata, M, Muszkieta, R, Sokołowski, D, Zukow, W, & Rybałko, L. (2020). Interpersonal differences caused by adaptogen changes in entropies of EEG, HRV, immunocytogram, and leukocytogram. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20(Suppl. 2), 982-999.
35. Popovych, IL, Kulchynskyi, AB, Gozhenko, AI, Zukow, W, Kovbasnyuk, MM, Korolyshyn, TA. (2018). Interrelations between changes in parameters of HRV, EEG and phagocytosis at patients with chronic pyelonephritis and cholecystitis. Journal of Education, Health and Sport, 8(2):135-156.
36. Popovych, I.L. (2024). The role of the neuroendocrine-immune complex in the mechanism of action of balneotherapy, Materials of XIV All-Ukrainian Science and Practice conf. "Actual issues of pathology under the conditions of action of extraordinary factors on the body", (Ternopil, October 23-25, 2024), Ternopil, 47-49.
37. Popovych, IL, & Ivassivka, SV. (2009). The role of organic matter in Naftussya water in its physiological activity [in Ukrainian]. Medical hydrology and rehabilitation, 7(2), 6-26.
38. Popovych, IL, Flyunt, IS, Alyeksyeyev, OI, Barylyak, LG, & Bilas, VR. (2003). Sanogenetic Bases of Rehabilitation on Spa Truskavets’ Urological Patients from Chornobylian Contingent [in Ukrainian]. Kyїv. Computerpress, 192.
39. Popovych, IL, Gozhenko, AI, Korda, MM, Klishch, IM, Popovych, DV, & Zukow, W (editors). (2022). Mineral Waters, Metabolism, Neuro-Endocrine-Immune Complex. Odesa. Feniks, 252.
40. Popovych, IL, Zavidnyuk, YV, Korda, MM, Mysula, IR, Klishch, IM, & Zukow, W. (2018). Role of organic carbon and nitrogen of mineral waters in their metabolic effects at female rats. Journal of Education, Health and Sport, 8(12), 793-802.
41. Quintana, FJ, & Sherr, DH. (2013). Aryl hydrocarbon receptor control of adaptive immunity. Pharmacol Rev, 65(4), 1148-1161.
42. Ruzhylo, SV, Popovych, AI, Zakalyak, NR, Chopyk, RV, Fihura, OA, Bilas, VR, Badiuk, NS, Gozhenko, AI, Popovych, IL, & Zukow, W. (2021). Bioactive water Naftussya and ozokerite have the same neuro-endocrine-immune effects in male rats caused by aryl hydrocarnons. PharmacologyOnLine, 3:213-226.
43. Shaffer, F & Ginsberg, JP. (2017). An Overview of Heart Rate Variability Metrics and Norms. Front Public Health, 5: 258. PMID: 29034226.
44. Shestopalov, VM, Moiseeva, NP, Ishchenko, AP, Kondratiuk, YeI, Usov, VYu, Moiseev, AY et al. (2006). “Naftusia” medicinal waters of Ukrainian Carpathians and Podolia [in Russian]. Chernivtsi. Bukrek, 600.
45. Todorovic, N, Fernández-Landa, J, Santibañez, A, Kura, B, Stajer, V, Korovljev, D, & Ostojic, SM. (2023). The effects of hydrogen-rich water on blood lipid profiles in clinical populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmaceuticals, 16(2), 142.
46. Uyar, B., Eroglu, I., Yücel, M., & Gündüz, U. (2009). Photofermentative hydrogen production from volatile fatty acids present in dark fermentation effluents. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 34(10), 4517-4523.
47. Winkelmann, T, Thayer, JF, Pohlack, S, Nees, F, Grimm, O, Flor, H. (2017). Structural brain correlates of heart rate variability in a healthy young adult population. Brain Struct Funct, 222(2):1061-1068.
48. Yaremenko, МS, Ivassivka, SV, Popovych, IL, Bilas, VR, Yassevych, HP, Zahorodnyuk, VP et al. (1989). Physiological Bases of Curative Effect of Water Naftussya [in Russian]. Kyїv. Naukova dumka, 144.
49. Zhang, F., Ding, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, M., Ding, Z.W., van Loosdrecht, M. C., & Zeng, R.J. (2013). Fatty acids production from hydrogen and carbon dioxide by mixed culture in the membrane biofilm reactor. Water research, 47(16), 6122-6129.
50. Zukow, W, Gozhenko, OA, Zavidnyuk, YV, Korda, MM, Mysula, IR, Klishch, IM, Zhulkevych, IV, Popovych, IL, Muszkieta, R, Napierata, M, Hagner-Derengowska, M, & Skaliy, A. (2020). Role of organic carbon and nitrogen of mineral waters in their neuro-endocrine effects at female rats. International J of Applied Exercise Physiology, 9(4), 20-25.
51. Zukow, W and Popovych, I. (2024). The effect of Hydrogen-rich „Truskavetska” bottled water on the swimming stress test in female rats. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 72:57303. https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2024.72.57303
52. Garcia-Ferrer, I., Marrero, A., Gomis-Rüth, F.X., Goulas, T. (2017). α2-Macroglobulins: Structure and Function. In: Harris, J., Marles-Wright, J. (eds) Macromolecular Protein Complexes. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 83. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46503-6_6
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ivan Savytskyi, Walery Zukow, Igor Popovych
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The periodical offers access to content in the Open Access system under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 61
Number of citations: 0
