The role of physical activity in the treatment of depression

Authors

  • Jakub Siemko Ludwika Błażka Provincial Multi-Specialist Hospital in Inowrocław https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9318-9458
  • Natalia Maria Rulewska Provincial Specialist Hospital in Ciechanów St. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 2, 06-400 Ciechanów, Poland https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4515-7403
  • Filip Grabowski Provincial Specialist Hospital in Ciechanów St. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 2, 06-400 Ciechanów, Poland https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0466-2764
  • Dagmara Neska Ludwika Błażka Provincial Multi-Specialist Hospital in Inowrocław St. Poznańska 97, 88-100 Inowrocław, Poland https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1900-954X
  • Dominika Prystacka-Szar Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital in Krakow Osiedle Złotej Jesieni 1, 31-820 Kraków https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6533-4247
  • Justyna Stadler-Szajda Ludwika Błażka Provincial Multi-Specialist Hospital in Inowrocław St. Poznańska 97, 88-100 Inowrocław, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1742-1835
  • Adrianna Czyżnikiewicz Ludwika Błażka Provincial Multi-Specialist Hospital in Inowrocław St. Poznańska 97, 88-100 Inowrocław https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4541-7175
  • Wenancjusz Stołowski Ludwika Błażka Provincial Multi-Specialist Hospital in Inowrocław St. Poznańska 97, 88-100 Inowrocław https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0317-1212
  • Magdalena Bujak Krakow University Hospital St. Macieja Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Krakow https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9274-3595
  • Magdalena Waśniowska Stefana Żeromskiego Specialist Hospital in Kraków Os. Na Skarpie 66, 31-913 Kraków https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0614-8307

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2025.80.57828

Keywords

Depression, physical activity in mental disorders, neuropsychiatry, treatment, running, hiking, resistance training

Abstract

Introduction: Depression contributes significantly to the overall global societal and personal burden of disease. Despite the developments in treatment strategies, the effectiveness of both medication and psychotherapy is not optimal. As theoretical knowledge expands, so does the need for other practical evidence-based interventions. Among them, physical activity (PA) shows a potential therapeutic role.

Aim: The aim of this article is to explore the role of PA in the treatment of depression and establish whether it is reasonable to think of physical exercise as a therapeutic intervention in a clinical setting.

Review methods: A comprehensive analysis of research papers available on PubMed and Google Scholar was undertaken using the search terms encompassing the following keywords: depressive symptoms / depression / neuropsychiatry / physical activity / exercise / physical health / running therapy / treatment.

Conclusion: Physical activity is known to help improve mental health. Exercise therapy is therefore a valuable option in mental health care, both in terms of mental and physical health, and should be considered standard practice for people with depression and/or anxiety disorders. All types of PA and exercise are beneficial. Putting an emphasis on this element of lifestyle when developing intervention plans, treatment programs, and health policy guidelines plays a key factor in providing a multi-dimensional approach to mental healthcare.

References

1. Global Burden of Disease. (2019). Global Health Data Exchange (GHDE). Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019).

2. Australian Bureau of Statistics . National study of mental health and wellbeing, 2021-2011. Australian Government, 2022.

3. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed.; American Psychiatric Association: Arlington, VA, USA, 2013.

4. Odone A, Landriscina T, Amerio A, Costa G. The impact of the current economic crisis on mental health in Italy: evidence from two representative national surveys. Eur J Public Health. 2018 Jun 1;28(3):490-495. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx220. PMID: 29293996.

5. Moussavi, S., Chatterji, S., Verdes, E., Tandon, A., Patel, V., & Ustun, B. (2007). Depression, chronic diseases, and decrements in health: results from the World Health Surveys. The Lancet, 370(9590), 851-858.

6. Vancampfort, D., Stubbs, B., Mitchell, A. J., De Hert, M., Wampers, M., Ward, P. B., ... & Correll, C. U. (2015). Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. World psychiatry, 14(3), 339-347.

7. Vancampfort, D., Correll, C. U., Galling, B., Probst, M., De Hert, M., Ward, P. B., ... & Stubbs, B. (2016). Diabetes mellitus in people with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and large scale meta‐analysis. World Psychiatry, 15(2), 166-174.

8. Correll, C. U., Solmi, M., Veronese, N., Bortolato, B., Rosson, S., Santonastaso, P., ... & Stubbs, B. (2017). Prevalence, incidence and mortality from cardiovascular disease in patients with pooled and specific severe mental illness: a large‐scale meta‐analysis of 3,211,768 patients and 113,383,368 controls. World psychiatry, 16(2), 163-180.

9. Charlson, F. J., Diminic, S., Lund, C., Degenhardt, L., & Whiteford, H. A. (2014). Mental and substance use disorders in sub-Saharan Africa: predictions of epidemiological changes and mental health workforce requirements for the next 40 years. PloS one, 9(10), e110208.

10. Marquez PV, Saxena S. Making Mental Health a Global Priority. Cerebrum. 2016 Jul 1;2016:cer-10-16. PMID: 28058091; PMCID: PMC5198754.

11. Peveler R, Carson A, Rodin G. Depression in medical patients. BMJ. 2002 Jul 20;325(7356):149-52. doi: 10.1136/bmj.325.7356.149. PMID: 12130614; PMCID: PMC1123674.

12. Tian H, Hu Z, Xu J, Wang C. The molecular pathophysiology of depression and the new therapeutics. MedComm (2020). 2022 Jul 21;3(3):e156. doi: 10.1002/mco2.156. PMID: 35875370; PMCID: PMC9301929.

13. Segal DS, Kuczenski R, Mandell AJ. Theoretical implications of drug-induced adaptive regulation for a biogenic amine hypothesis of affective disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 1974 Oct;9(2):147-59. PMID: 4154114.

14. Goodyer IM, Herbert J, Tamplin A, Altham PM. Recent life events, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone and the onset of major depression in high-risk adolescents. Br J Psychiatry. 2000 Dec;177:499-504. doi: 10.1192/bjp.177.6.499. PMID: 11102323.

15. Harris TO, Borsanyi S, Messari S, Stanford K, Cleary SE, Shiers HM, Brown GW, Herbert J. Morning cortisol as a risk factor for subsequent major depressive disorder in adult women. Br J Psychiatry. 2000 Dec;177:505-10. doi: 10.1192/bjp.177.6.505. PMID: 11102324.

16. Knorr U, Vinberg M, Kessing LV, Wetterslev J. Salivary cortisol in depressed patients versus control persons: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2010 Oct;35(9):1275-86. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.04.001. Epub 2010 May 5. Erratum in: Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2011 Oct;36(9):1427-9. PMID: 20447770.

17. Bollen J, Trick L, Llewellyn D, Dickens C. The effects of acute inflammation on cognitive functioning and emotional processing in humans: A systematic review of experimental studies. J Psychosom Res. 2017 Mar;94:47-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.01.002. Epub 2017 Jan 4. PMID: 28183402.

18. Kraus C, Castrén E, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R. Serotonin and neuroplasticity - Links between molecular, functional and structural pathophysiology in depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017 Jun;77:317-326. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.03.007. Epub 2017 Mar 22. PMID: 28342763.

19. Klengel T, Mehta D, Anacker C, Rex-Haffner M, Pruessner JC, Pariante CM, Pace TW, Mercer KB, Mayberg HS, Bradley B, Nemeroff CB, Holsboer F, Heim CM, Ressler KJ, Rein T, Binder EB. Allele-specific FKBP5 DNA demethylation mediates gene-childhood trauma interactions. Nat Neurosci. 2013 Jan;16(1):33-41. doi: 10.1038/nn.3275. Epub 2012 Dec 2. PMID: 23201972; PMCID: PMC4136922.

20. Bigdeli TB, Ripke S, Peterson RE, Trzaskowski M, Bacanu SA, Abdellaoui A, Andlauer TF, Beekman AT, Berger K, Blackwood DH, Boomsma DI, Breen G, Buttenschøn HN, Byrne EM, Cichon S, Clarke TK, Couvy-Duchesne B, Craddock N, de Geus EJ, Degenhardt F, Dunn EC, Edwards AC, Fanous AH, Forstner AJ, Frank J, Gill M, Gordon SD, Grabe HJ, Hamilton SP, Hardiman O, Hayward C, Heath AC, Henders AK, Herms S, Hickie IB, Hoffmann P, Homuth G, Hottenga JJ, Ising M, Jansen R, Kloiber S, Knowles JA, Lang M, Li QS, Lucae S, MacIntyre DJ, Madden PA, Martin NG, McGrath PJ, McGuffin P, McIntosh AM, Medland SE, Mehta D, Middeldorp CM, Milaneschi Y, Montgomery GW, Mors O, Müller-Myhsok B, Nauck M, Nyholt DR, Nöthen MM, Owen MJ, Penninx BW, Pergadia ML, Perlis RH, Peyrot WJ, Porteous DJ, Potash JB, Rice JP, Rietschel M, Riley BP, Rivera M, Schoevers R, Schulze TG, Shi J, Shyn SI, Smit JH, Smoller JW, Streit F, Strohmaier J, Teumer A, Treutlein J, Van der Auwera S, van Grootheest G, van Hemert AM, Völzke H, Webb BT, Weissman MM, Wellmann J, Willemsen G, Witt SH, Levinson DF, Lewis CM, Wray NR, Flint J, Sullivan PF, Kendler KS. Genetic effects influencing risk for major depressive disorder in China and Europe. Transl Psychiatry. 2017 Mar 28;7(3):e1074. doi: 10.1038/tp.2016.292. PMID: 28350396; PMCID: PMC5404611.

21. Pigott, H. E. (2015). The STAR* D trial: it is time to reexamine the clinical beliefs that guide the treatment of major depression. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 60(1), 9-13.

22. Cipriani, A., Furukawa, T. A., Salanti, G., Chaimani, A., Atkinson, L. Z., Ogawa, Y., ... & Geddes, J. R. (2018). Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. The Lancet, 391(10128), 1357-1366.

23. Mulder RT, Jorm AF. The impact of antidepressants and human development measures on the prevalence of sadness, worry and unhappiness: cross-national comparison. BJPsych Open. 2023 Oct 10;9(6):e182. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2023.576. PMID: 37814546; PMCID: PMC10594156.

24. Cuijpers, P., Turner, E. H., Mohr, D. C., Hofmann, S. G., Andersson, G., Berking, M., & Coyne, J. (2014). Comparison of psychotherapies for adult depression to pill placebo control groups: a meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 44(4), 685–695. doi:10.1017/S0033291713000457.

25. Cuijpers P, Miguel C, Harrer M, Ciharova M, Karyotaki E. The outcomes of mental health care for depression over time: A meta-regression analysis of response rates in usual care. J Affect Disord. 2024 Aug 1;358:89-96. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.019. Epub 2024 May 4. PMID: 38710332.

26. Gianfredi V, Blandi L, Cacitti S, Minelli M, Signorelli C, Amerio A, Odone A. Depression and Objectively Measured Physical Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 May 25;17(10):3738. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103738. PMID: 32466242; PMCID: PMC7277615.

27. Bailey AP, Hetrick SE, Rosenbaum S, Purcell R, Parker AG. Treating depression with physical activity in adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Psychol Med. 2018 May;48(7):1068-1083. doi: 10.1017/S0033291717002653. Epub 2017 Oct 10. PMID: 28994355.

28. Tian J, Kang Y, Liu P, Yu H. Effect of Physical Activity on Depression in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 3;19(11):6849. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19116849. PMID: 35682432; PMCID: PMC9180645.

29. Bourke M, Patten RK, Klamert L, Klepac B, Dash S, Pascoe MC. The acute affective response to physical activity in people with depression: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2022 Aug 15;311:353-363. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.089. Epub 2022 May 21. PMID: 35605707.

30. Ashdown-Franks G, Firth J, Carney R, Carvalho AF, Hallgren M, Koyanagi A, Rosenbaum S, Schuch FB, Smith L, Solmi M, Vancampfort D, Stubbs B. Exercise as Medicine for Mental and Substance Use Disorders: A Meta-review of the Benefits for Neuropsychiatric and Cognitive Outcomes. Sports Med. 2020 Jan;50(1):151-170. doi: 10.1007/s40279-019-01187-6. PMID: 31541410.

31. Cempa K, Jurys T, Kluczyński S, Andreew M. Physical activity as a therapeutic method for non-pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia: A systematic literature review. Psychiatr Pol. 2022 Aug 31;56(4):837-859. English, Polish. doi: 10.12740/PP/140053. Epub 2022 Aug 31. PMID: 37074832.

32. Beserra AHN, Kameda P, Deslandes AC, Schuch FB, Laks J, Moraes HS. Can physical exercise modulate cortisol level in subjects with depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2018 Oct-Dec;40(4):360-368. doi: 10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0155. PMID: 30570106.

33. Meeusen R, De Meirleir K. Exercise and brain neurotransmission. Sports Med. 1995 Sep;20(3):160-88. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199520030-00004. PMID: 8571000.

34. Szuhany KL, Bugatti M, Otto MW. A meta-analytic review of the effects of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor. J Psychiatr Res. 2015 Jan;60:56-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.10.003. Epub 2014 Oct 12. PMID: 25455510; PMCID: PMC4314337.

35. van Agtmaal MJM, Houben AJHM, Pouwer F, Stehouwer CDA, Schram MT. Association of Microvascular Dysfunction With Late-Life Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017 Jul 1;74(7):729-739. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0984. PMID: 28564681; PMCID: PMC5710252.

36. Taylor WD, Aizenstein HJ, Alexopoulos GS. The vascular depression hypothesis: mechanisms linking vascular disease with depression. Mol Psychiatry. 2013 Sep;18(9):963-74. doi: 10.1038/mp.2013.20. Epub 2013 Feb 26. PMID: 23439482; PMCID: PMC3674224.

37. Gianfredi V, Blandi L, Cacitti S, Minelli M, Signorelli C, Amerio A, Odone A. Depression and Objectively Measured Physical Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 May 25;17(10):3738. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103738. PMID: 32466242; PMCID: PMC7277615.

38. Schaeffer E, Roeben B, Granert O, Hanert A, Liepelt-Scarfone I, Leks E, Otterbein S, Saraykin P, Busch JH, Synofzik M, Stransky E, Bartsch T, Berg D. Effects of exergaming on hippocampal volume and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol. 2022 Feb;29(2):441-449. doi: 10.1111/ene.15165. Epub 2021 Nov 14. PMID: 34724287.

39. Wegner M, Helmich I, Machado S, Nardi AE, Arias-Carrion O, Budde H. Effects of exercise on anxiety and depression disorders: review of meta- analyses and neurobiological mechanisms. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2014;13(6):1002-14. doi: 10.2174/1871527313666140612102841. PMID: 24923346.

40. Berchtold NC, Kesslak JP, Cotman CW. Hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene regulation by exercise and the medial septum. J Neurosci Res. 2002 Jun 1;68(5):511-21. doi: 10.1002/jnr.10256. PMID: 12111841.

41. Larun L, Nordheim LV, Ekeland E, Hagen KB, Heian F. Exercise in prevention and treatment of anxiety and depression among children and young people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Jul 19;(3):CD004691. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004691.pub2. PMID: 16856055.

42. Yan L, Wei JA, Yang F, Wang M, Wang S, Cheng T, Liu X, Jia Y, So KF, Zhang L. Physical Exercise Prevented Stress-Induced Anxiety via Improving Brain RNA Methylation. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2022 Aug;9(24):e2105731. doi: 10.1002/advs.202105731. Epub 2022 Jun 1. PMID: 35642952; PMCID: PMC9404392.

43. Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, Borodulin K, Buman MP, Cardon G, Carty C, Chaput JP, Chastin S, Chou R, Dempsey PC, DiPietro L, Ekelund U, Firth J, Friedenreich CM, Garcia L, Gichu M, Jago R, Katzmarzyk PT, Lambert E, Leitzmann M, Milton K, Ortega FB, Ranasinghe C, Stamatakis E, Tiedemann A, Troiano RP, van der Ploeg HP, Wari V, Willumsen JF. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med. 2020 Dec;54(24):1451-1462. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955. PMID: 33239350; PMCID: PMC7719906.

44. Guo Z, Li R, Lu S. Leisure-time physical activity and risk of depression: A dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Jul 29;101(30):e29917. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029917. PMID: 35905243; PMCID: PMC9333473.

45. Noetel M, Sanders T, Gallardo-Gómez D, Taylor P, Del Pozo Cruz B, van den Hoek D, Smith JJ, Mahoney J, Spathis J, Moresi M, Pagano R, Pagano L, Vasconcellos R, Arnott H, Varley B, Parker P, Biddle S, Lonsdale C. Effect of exercise for depression: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2024 Feb 14;384:e075847. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2023-075847. Erratum in: BMJ. 2024 May 28;385:q1024. doi: 10.1136/bmj.q1024. PMID: 38355154; PMCID: PMC10870815.

46. Pearce M, Garcia L, Abbas A, Strain T, Schuch FB, Golubic R, Kelly P, Khan S, Utukuri M, Laird Y, Mok A, Smith A, Tainio M, Brage S, Woodcock J. Association Between Physical Activity and Risk of Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2022 Jun 1;79(6):550-559. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.0609. PMID: 35416941; PMCID: PMC9008579.

47. Mitten D, Overholt JR, Haynes FI, D'Amore CC, Ady JC. Hiking: A Low-Cost, Accessible Intervention to Promote Health Benefits. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2016 Jul 9;12(4):302-310. doi: 10.1177/1559827616658229. PMID: 32063815; PMCID: PMC6993091.

48. Neunhäuserer D, Sturm J, Baumgartlinger MM, Niederseer D, Ledl-Kurkowski E, Steidle E, Plöderl M, Fartacek C, Kralovec K, Fartacek R, Niebauer J. Hiking in suicidal patients: neutral effects on markers of suicidality. Am J Med. 2013 Oct;126(10):927-30. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.05.008. Epub 2013 Aug 13. PMID: 23953873.

49. Li Z, Liu S, Wang L, Smith L. Mind-Body Exercise for Anxiety and Depression in COPD Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Dec 18;17(1):22. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17010022. PMID: 31861418; PMCID: PMC6981896.

50. Hjorth P, Sikjær MG, Løkke A, Jørgensen AM, Jørgensen N, Kaasgaard DM, Rasmussen MRV. Cold water swimming as an add-on treatment for depression: a feasibility study. Nord J Psychiatry. 2023 Oct;77(7):706-711. doi: 10.1080/08039488.2023.2228290. Epub 2023 Jun 28. PMID: 37381680.

51. van Tulleken C, Tipton M, Massey H, Harper CM. Open water swimming as a treatment for major depressive disorder. BMJ Case Rep. 2018 Aug 21;2018:bcr2018225007. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2018-225007. PMID: 30131418; PMCID: PMC6112379.

52. Kruisdijk FR, Hendriksen IJ, Tak EC, Beekman AT, Hopman-Rock M. Effect of running therapy on depression (EFFORT-D). Design of a randomised controlled trial in adult patients [ISRCTN 1894]. BMC Public Health. 2012 Jan 19;12:50. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-50. PMID: 22260713; PMCID: PMC3299590.

53. Chen C, Du S, Shao Q, Fu X, Jin L, Zhou S, Li Y. The effects of aerobic exercise for depression: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2024 Oct;40:2161-2172. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.10.068. Epub 2024 Oct 28. PMID: 39593579.

54. Verhoeven JE, Han LKM, Lever-van Milligen BA, Hu MX, Révész D, Hoogendoorn AW, Batelaan NM, van Schaik DJF, van Balkom AJLM, van Oppen P, Penninx BWJH. Antidepressants or running therapy: Comparing effects on mental and physical health in patients with depression and anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord. 2023 May 15;329:19-29. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.064. Epub 2023 Feb 23. PMID: 36828150.

55. Khodadad Kashi S, Mirzazadeh ZS, Saatchian V. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Resistance Training on Quality of Life, Depression, Muscle Strength, and Functional Exercise Capacity in Older Adults Aged 60 Years or More. Biol Res Nurs. 2023 Jan;25(1):88-106. doi: 10.1177/10998004221120945. Epub 2022 Aug 13. PMID: 35968662.

56. Marinelli R, Parker AG, Levinger I, Bourke M, Patten R, Woessner MN. Resistance training and combined resistance and aerobic training as a treatment of depression and anxiety symptoms in young people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2024 Aug;18(8):585-598. doi: 10.1111/eip.13528. Epub 2024 May 6. PMID: 38710640.

57. Augustin N, Bendau A, Heuer S, Kaminski J, Ströhle A. Resistance Training in Depression. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2023 Nov 10;120(45):757-762. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.m2023.0196. PMID: 37656468; PMCID: PMC10745562.

58. Recchia F, Leung CK, Chin EC, Fong DY, Montero D, Cheng CP, Yau SY, Siu PM. Comparative effectiveness of exercise, antidepressants and their combination in treating non-severe depression: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med. 2022 Dec;56(23):1375-1380. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105964. Epub 2022 Sep 16. PMID: 36113975; PMCID: PMC9685718.

59. White RL, Babic MJ, Parker PD, Lubans DR, Astell-Burt T, Lonsdale C. Domain-Specific Physical Activity and Mental Health: A Meta-analysis. Am J Prev Med. 2017 May;52(5):653-666. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.12.008. Epub 2017 Jan 30. PMID: 28153647.

60. Quirk H, Hock E, Harrop D, Crank H, Peckham E, Traviss-Turner G, Machaczek K, Stubbs B, Horspool M, Weich S, Copeland R. Understanding the experience of initiating community-based group physical activity by people with serious mental illness: A systematic review using a meta-ethnographic approach. Eur Psychiatry. 2020 Oct 22;63(1):e95. doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.93. PMID: 33087211; PMCID: PMC7681136.

Published

2025-04-05

How to Cite

1.
SIEMKO, Jakub, RULEWSKA, Natalia Maria, GRABOWSKI, Filip, NESKA, Dagmara, PRYSTACKA-SZAR, Dominika, STADLER-SZAJDA, Justyna, CZYŻNIKIEWICZ, Adrianna, STOŁOWSKI, Wenancjusz, BUJAK, Magdalena and WAŚNIOWSKA, Magdalena. The role of physical activity in the treatment of depression. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. Online. 5 April 2025. Vol. 80, p. 57828. [Accessed 13 April 2025]. DOI 10.12775/JEHS.2025.80.57828.

Issue

Vol. 80 (2025)

Section

Health Sciences

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Jakub Siemko, Natalia Maria Rulewska, Filip Grabowski, Dagmara Neska, Dominika Prystacka-Szar, Justyna Stadler-Szajda, Adrianna Czyżnikiewicz, Wenancjusz Stołowski, Magdalena Bujak, Magdalena Waśniowska

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The periodical offers access to content in the Open Access system under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0

Stats

Number of views and downloads: 0
Number of citations: 0