Eagle Syndrome - the issue of an elongated styloid process. A literature review

Abstract

Introduction and purpose:

Since orofacial pain poses a common ailment nowadays, it is important to identify properly its source and implement all the necessary measures that are required to mitigate its consequences. Among a wide range of various medical conditions, Eagle Syndrome should be considered during differential diagnosis. The aim of this article is to have a thorough insight into the matter of this particular condition and expand knowledge based on scientific investigations discussed in literature.

The state of knowledge:

Eagle Syndrome is a condition which manifests either by an elongated styloid process or ossification of the stylohyoid ligaments which interfere with adjacent anatomical structures resulting in many different, often nonspecific, symptoms such as, for example, limited ability of jaw opening, increased salivary flow, foreign body sensation in pharynx as well as tinnitus. However, in majority of cases it is asymptomatic condition and may be detected incidentally during clinical examination. In order to ensure accurate diagnosis, thorough medical history and anamnesis are required as well as clinical and radiographic examination. Treatment methods that involve either conservative or surgical approach are selected depending on the severity of symptoms as well as patient’s general condition.

Conclusions:

Eagle Syndrome is a rare clinical condition that requires detailed and precise diagnostics as well as cooperation between healthcare professionals of various specialties in order to undertake proper measures regarding condition’s management.  Therefore, knowledge in this field needs to be expanded and due to the complexity and nature of the Eagle Syndrome further studies are necessary to explore the matter more broadly.