Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in obesity treatment - a literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2025.78.57712Keywords
tirzepatide, semaglutide, weight loss, GLP-1 receptor agonists, obesity treatment, liraglutide, type 2 diabetes mellitusAbstract
Introduction and Purpose: Obesity is an escalating global health challenge, affecting over 2 billion individuals worldwide, contributing to many challenges for healthcare providers such as cardiovascular disorders, cancers, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is a need for effective treatments targeting T2DM, and obesity. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists developed originally for T2DM treatment, have emerged as key agents for weight loss. This review examines current evidence regarding efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action of GLP-1 RAs, particularly semaglutide and tirzepatide in obesity and weight loss treatment.
Description of the State of Knowledge: GLP-1 receptor agonists modulate appetite, resulting in lower calory intake. Gastric emptying and insulin secretion are also affected by GLP-1 RAs. Clinical trials consistently demonstrate significant weight loss, positive action on cardiovascular risk and better glycemic control. All GLP-1 RAs have common side effects which are gastrointestinal disorders, and gallbladder-related issues, but their safety profiles are acceptable.
Summary: Available evidence recommends GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity treatment. Tirzepatide and semaglutide are two pharmacological agents which show best results in terms of weight loss.
Materials and Evidence: A literature review was conducted using the PubMed database for articles published from January 2016 to January 2024, supplemented by earlier foundational papers. After screening 121 abstracts, 51 full-text articles were assessed, and 30 were ultimately included.
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