Myopia as a problem of the modern world. Methods of treatment and prevention

Abstract

Introduction and objective

Sight is one of the most important human senses, which enables proper coordination of the entire body. Short-sightedness is increasingly being called the “scourge” of our time. Prognosis in early 2024 predict that people with myopia problems may represent as much as 35% of humanity. In the research, we want to present the possibilities of treating and preventing short-sightedness, collect those that seem most relevant and effective against the background of today's knowledge.

Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge

Short-sightedness (myopia) is a visual defect in which light rays do not focus properly on the retina, but in front of it. Among the methods of treating and slowing down the progression of myopia, we can identify environmental, pharmacological, optical and surgical methods. Intracular lenses and soft contact lenses are the most frequently used forms of correction. However, at high values of the defect, they may not be effective enough. The choice in such situation is hard contact lenses, which are not always well tolerated by patients. Among the methods confirmed by numerous studies of slowing the progression of myopia still include atropine and orthocorrection. More innovative techniques include DIMS lenses, HAL and red light therapy. However, they require more research to confirm their long-term effectiveness and safety.

Summary

In recent years, myopia has become a worldwide problem. Promising results are provided by recent studies on HAL spectacle lenses, DIMS, MiSight contact lenses and RLRL. Thanks to the large number of treatment methods, the doctor can adjust the treatment that seems to be best for the patient. The development of current therapies, as well as an appropriate lifestyle, are important aspects for the treatment of myopia.