Therapeutic potential of bisphosphonates - review of medical indications, mechanism of action, interactions and adverse effects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2025.77.57219Keywords
bisphosphonates, bisphosphonates mechanism of action, bisphosphonates side effects, bisphosphonates interactions, bone tissue, skeletal system disordersAbstract
Introduction: Bisphosphonates are pharmacological agents that inhibit bone resorption by targeting osteoclasts, thereby increasing bone density and reducing fracture risk. Although they were first synthesized in the 19th century, their clinical significance has only been recognized in the last 50 years. This study reviews the current understanding of bisphosphonates, their therapeutic advantages in various disorders, and their mechanism of action, potential interactions, and adverse effects.
Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the current understanding of bisphosphonates and familiarize readers with their mechanisms of action, interactions and adverse effects. It also aims to briefly introduce diseases that may be treated with bisphosphonates and how this class of medications can improve the course of each disorder. This study focuses on their therapeutic potential and associated risks, highlighting the need for further research in this area.
Material and methods: Literature available in the PubMed database was reviewed using the following keywords:
“bisphosphonates”; “bisphosphonates mechanism of action”; “bisphosphonates side effects”; “bisphosphonates interactions”; “bone tissue”; “skeletal system disorders”; “skeletal system”; “menopause”;” osteogenesis imperfecta”; “bone metastasis”
Conclusions: The introduction of bisphosphonates represents a significant advancement in the management of conditions associated with increased bone turnover, offering clinically substantiated benefits that outweigh the associated risks. This review provides healthcare professionals with evidence-based, scientifically validated information on bisphosphonates, while also identifying critical areas for further investigation to optimize their safety and efficacy, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
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