The Role of Gut Microbiota in Neurodegenerative Diseases
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2025.77.56676Keywords
gut microbiota, neurodegenerative diseases, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantationAbstract
Introduction: The gut microbiota is a key component of the gut-brain axis, and its dysbiosis promotes neuroinflammation. The microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. This article focuses on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
Materials and methods: PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using the keywords: "gut microbiota," "neurodegenerative diseases," "probiotics," and "fecal microbiota transplantation." A selection of relevant materials was then analyzed.
Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the gut microbiota on the development of neurodegenerative diseases, with a particular focus on Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, and to explore the possibility of slowing their progression or improving their treatment by subjecting the microbiota to change.
Description of the state of knowledge: Targeting the gut microbiota represents a novel avenue for managing NDDs. Therapeutic strategies focusing on microbiota modulation, including probiotics and FMT, show significant potential. Further research is essential to validate these approaches and optimize personalized treatments for AD and PD.
Results: Gut microbiota dysbiosis was found to significantly contribute to the progression of AD and PD diseases by promoting neuroinflammation, disrupting the blood-brain barrier, and altering neurotransmitter levels. Probiotics, particularly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains and FMT showed potential in restoring microbial balance and reducing inflammation and improved cognitive and motor functions. Despite these promising findings, clinical evidence remains limited, and further research is necessary.
References
Valdes AM, Walter J, Segal E, Spector TD. Role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health. The BMJ. 13 czerwiec 2018;361:k2179.
Ursell LK, Metcalf JL, Parfrey LW, Knight R. Defining the human microbiome. Nutr Rev. 1 sierpień 2012;70(suppl_1):S38–44.
Liu X, Liu Y, Liu J, Zhang H, Shan C, Guo Y, i in. Correlation between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of metagenomics evidence. Neural Regen Res. 14 sierpień 2023;19(4):833–45.
Osadchiy V, Martin CR, Mayer EA. The Gut–Brain Axis and the Microbiome: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. styczeń 2019;17(2):322–32.
Cryan JF, O’Riordan KJ, Sandhu K, Peterson V, Dinan TG. The gut microbiome in neurological disorders. Lancet Neurol. 1 luty 2020;19(2):179–94.
Shen S, Wong CH. Bugging inflammation: role of the gut microbiota. Clin Transl Immunol. 15 kwiecień 2016;5(4):e72.
Rai SN, Singh P, Steinbusch HWM, Vamanu E, Ashraf G, Singh MP. The Role of Vitamins in Neurodegenerative Disease: An Update. Biomedicines. październik 2021;9(10):1284.
Sandeep, Sahu MR, Rani L, Kharat AS, Mondal AC. Could Vitamins Have a Positive Impact on the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease? Brain Sci. luty 2023;13(2):272.
Ma YY, Li X, Yu JT, Wang YJ. Therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases by targeting the gut microbiome: from bench to bedside. Transl Neurodegener. 27 luty 2024;13(1):12.
Zhang S, Lu J, Jin Z, Xu H, Zhang D, Chen J, i in. Gut microbiota metabolites: potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer’s disease? Front Pharmacol [Internet]. 17 wrzesień 2024 [cytowane 22 listopad 2024];15. Dostępne na: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1459655/full
Qiao L, Yang G, Wang P, Xu C. The potential role of mitochondria in the microbiota-gut-brain axis: Implications for brain health. Pharmacol Res. 1 listopad 2024;209:107434.
Zhao Y, Jaber V, Lukiw WJ. Secretory Products of the Human GI Tract Microbiome and Their Potential Impact on Alzheimer’s Disease (AD): Detection of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in AD Hippocampus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol [Internet]. 11 lipiec 2017 [cytowane 11 listopad 2024];7. Dostępne na: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00318/full
Ticinesi A, Nouvenne A, Tana C, Prati B, Meschi T. Gut Microbiota and Microbiota-Related Metabolites as Possible Biomarkers of Cognitive Aging. W: Guest PC, redaktor. Reviews on Biomarker Studies in Aging and Anti-Aging Research [Internet]. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2019 [cytowane 12 listopad 2024]. s. 129–54. Dostępne na: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25650-0_8
Pistollato F, Sumalla Cano S, Elio I, Masias Vergara M, Giampieri F, Battino M. Role of gut microbiota and nutrients in amyloid formation and pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Nutr Rev. 1 październik 2016;74(10):624–34.
Abedin F, Kandel N, Tatulian SA. Effects of Aβ-derived peptide fragments on fibrillogenesis of Aβ. Sci Rep. 28 wrzesień 2021;11:19262.
Kowalski K, Mulak A. Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 1 styczeń 2019;25(1):48.
Roy Sarkar S, Banerjee S. Gut microbiota in neurodegenerative disorders. J Neuroimmunol. 15 marzec 2019;328:98–104.
Khatoon S, Kalam N, Rashid S, Bano G. Effects of gut microbiota on neurodegenerative diseases. Front Aging Neurosci [Internet]. 30 maj 2023 [cytowane 29 listopad 2024];15. Dostępne na: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/aging-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1145241/full
Sowmiya S, Dhivya LS, Praveen R, Harikrishnan N, Singh S A. Exploring the Potential of Probiotics in Alzheimer’s disease and Gut Dysbiosis. IBRO Neurosci Rep [Internet]. 8 listopad 2024 [cytowane 17 listopad 2024]; Dostępne na: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000988
Suresh SB, Malireddi A, Abera M, Noor K, Ansar M, Boddeti S, i in. Gut Microbiome and Its Role in Parkinson’s Disease. Cureus [Internet]. 6 listopad 2024 [cytowane 13 listopad 2024]; Dostępne na: https://www.cureus.com/articles/304815-gut-microbiome-and-its-role-in-parkinsons-disease
Zhao Z, Ning J, Bao X qi, Shang M, Ma J, Li G, i in. Fecal microbiota transplantation protects rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease mice via suppressing inflammation mediated by the lipopolysaccharide-TLR4 signaling pathway through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Microbiome. 17 listopad 2021;9(1):226.
Bi M, Liu C, Wang Y, Liu SJ. Therapeutic Prospect of New Probiotics in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Microorganisms. czerwiec 2023;11(6):1527.
Ojha S, Patil N, Jain M, Kole C, Kaushik P. Probiotics for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systemic Review. Microorganisms. kwiecień 2023;11(4):1083.
Zhu G, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Wang G. Probiotics for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Foods. lipiec 2021;10(7):1672.
Kumar MR, Azizi NF, Yeap SK, Abdullah JO, Khalid M, Omar AR, i in. Clinical and Preclinical Studies of Fermented Foods and Their Effects on Alzheimer’s Disease. Antioxidants. maj 2022;11(5):883.
Ton AMM, Campagnaro BP, Alves GA, Aires R, Côco LZ, Arpini CM, i in. Oxidative Stress and Dementia in Alzheimer’s Patients: Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation. Oxid Med Cell Longev [Internet]. 13 styczeń 2020 [cytowane 19 listopad 2024];2020. Dostępne na: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2020/2638703/#acknowledgments
Porcari S, Benech N, Valles-Colomer M, Segata N, Gasbarrini A, Cammarota G, i in. Key determinants of success in fecal microbiota transplantation: From microbiome to clinic. Cell Host Microbe. 10 maj 2023;31(5):712–33.
Belvoncikova P, Maronek M, Gardlik R. Gut Dysbiosis and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 14 wrzesień 2022;23(18):10729.
Minkoff NZ, Aslam S, Medina M, Tanner-Smith EE, Zackular JP, Acra S, i in. Fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile (Clostridium difficile). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 25 kwiecień 2023;2023(4):CD013871.
Dutta SK, Verma S, Jain V, Surapaneni BK, Vinayek R, Phillips L, i in. Parkinson’s Disease: The Emerging Role of Gut Dysbiosis, Antibiotics, Probiotics, and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. lipiec 2019;25(3):363–76.
Antushevich H. Fecal microbiota transplantation in disease therapy. Clin Chim Acta. 1 kwiecień 2020;503:90–8.
Vendrik KEW, Ooijevaar RE, Jong PRC de, Laman JD, Oosten BW van, Hilten JJ van, i in. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Neurological Disorders. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 24 marzec 2020;10:98.
Agarwal P, Leurgans SE, Agrawal S, Aggarwal NT, Cherian LJ, James BD, i in. Association of Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay and Mediterranean Diets With Alzheimer Disease Pathology. Neurology. 30 maj 2023;100(22):e2259–68.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Hanna Porwolik, Agnieszka Porwolik, Magdalena Bodera, Radosław Szydłowski, Agata Porwolik, Barbara Skrzypiec, Anna Hamerla, Anna Kaźmierska, Julia Gawron
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The periodical offers access to content in the Open Access system under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 64
Number of citations: 0
