Transient global amnesia – current state of knowledge

Abstract

Introduction and purpose

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a sudden, short-lasting episode of anterograde and retrograde memory loss not caused by stroke or epileptic seizure. It affects 3.4-10.4 per 100,000 people per year, especially those in their 70s. There are several hypotheses regarding the etiopathology of this disorder, none of which have been unequivocally confirmed. This study aims to review the current knowledge about TGA, and to show its essence to the wider community.

Description

TGA is mainly manifested by a sudden, up to 24-hour loss of anterograde and retrograde memory, which may be accompanied by mild neuropsychological deficits. Diagnosis is based on a neurological examination and exclusion of numerous possible differential diagnoses, including laboratory and imaging tests. There is no specific treatment for this condition, and patient care is based primarily on patient education and risk factor control. They rarely recur and do not cause long-term complications.

Summary

Although TGA is considered a benign condition, its sudden onset and the temporary nature of memory loss can cause significant anxiety for both patients and their families. Increased awareness and prompt diagnosis are essential to provide reassurance and to rule out more serious conditions such as stroke or epilepsy. Expanding research on TGA is crucial to uncover potential preventive strategies and enhance our understanding of transient memory dysfunctions.