Impact of Physical Exercise on Menopause Symptoms and Health-related quality of life - a literature review

Abstract

Menopause, which usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 56, is a natural biological condition that signifies the end of a woman's menstrual cycles. It is formally diagnosed after twelve months without a menstrual period, which indicates the end of ovarian function. Hormone fluctuations, especially a decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels can lead to a range of emotional and physical issues. The most commonly reported symptoms include vasomotor symptoms and psychological alterations which can significantly impact a woman’s quality of life. Many seek ways to manage or relieve them.
On 15/11/2024, two databases (PubMed and GoogleScholar) were searched using the keywords “menopause” or “menopausal symptoms” and either “physical activity” or “exercise” or “sport”. Articles were included if they were published in English between 2020 and 2024, focused on the impact of physical exercise on menopause symptoms and quality of life. Only original research papers were considered. Studies focusing on patients with chronic diseases or oncological history were excluded as well as papers concerning only osteoporosis or urinary dysfunction.
21 studies were included in the review, comprising a total of 3,506 participants. Our review's main conclusions are as follows: Regular physical activity can help reduce menopausal symptoms and enhance quality of life. Resistance Exercise helps with physical and vasomotor symptoms, but it has little effect on cardiovascular health or long-term symptom reduction. Yoga is highly effective in reducing vasomotor, psychosocial, and physical symptoms, with long-term antioxidant benefits but limited effects on hormonal levels (FSH, DHEA-S). Multicomponent Exercise (e.g., team handball, resistance training) offers broad benefits for physical fitness, psychosocial well-being and vasomotor symptoms. Additionally, progressive muscle relaxation improves sleep quality and fatigue.