Episodic and chronic migraine - treatment and risk factors - A literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2024.75.56459Keywords
Migraine, migraine pharmacotherapy, migraine risk factors, migraine treatment, chronic migraineAbstract
Abstract
Introduction and objective
Migraine is a chronic paroxysmal neurological disease characterised by attacks of moderate to severe headache and accompanying symptoms such as hypersensitivity to light and sound and gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea and vomiting, among others. In some people, an attack of pain is preceded by a migraine aura - visual disturbances, numbness, tingling and even muscle weakness. Treatment includes medications taken as a temporary measure (at the onset of an attack) and as a prophylactic measure. The aim of this study is to systemasise information about chronic migraine and to raise awareness about this disease among health care workers and patients
Brief description of the state of knowledge
Migraine is a recurrent, usually unilateral, throbbing headache. A migraine usually lasts between 4 and 72 hours. It is characterised by varying degrees of severity and frequency of occurrence. The pain is exacerbated by emotion or physical exertion. There is photophobia, hypersensitivity to sounds (phonophobia) and odours (osmophobia), and nausea and vomiting occur. Sometimes before a migraine episode occurs, a so-called aura - occurring in 10% of migraine cases may appear, in the form of paresthesias, visual field loss, appearance of gloom, paresis, aphasia. Chronic migraine is a headache that occurs for at least 15 days per month, at least 8 of which are days when the headache has the characteristics of migraine pain as described below or is relieved by prescription anti-migraine medication. There are many triggers for migraine, which include genetic, environmental and personal factors. Chronic migraine severely reduces the quality of life of affected patients, therefore it is important to raise awareness of currently available methods for its diagnosis and treatment
References
Aguilar-Shea AL, Membrilla Md JA, Diaz-de-Teran J. Migraine review for general practice. Aten Primaria. 2022 Feb;54(2):102208. doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2021.102208. Epub 2021 Nov 16. PMID: 34798397; PMCID: PMC8605054.
Su M, Yu S. Chronic migraine: A process of dysmodulation and sensitization. Mol Pain. 2018 Jan-Dec;14:1744806918767697. doi: 10.1177/1744806918767697. Epub 2018 Apr 12. PMID: 29642749; PMCID: PMC5900816.
Peters GL. Migraine overview and summary of current and emerging treatment options. Am J Manag Care. 2019 Jan;25(2 Suppl):S23-S34. PMID: 30681821.
Onan D, Younis S, Wellsgatnik WD, Farham F, Andruškevičius S, Abashidze A, Jusupova A, Romanenko Y, Grosu O, Moldokulova MZ, Mursalova U, Saidkhodjaeva S, Martelletti P, Ashina S. Debate: differences and similarities between tension-type headache and migraine. J Headache Pain. 2023 Jul 21;24(1):92. doi: 10.1186/s10194-023-01614-0. PMID: 37474899; PMCID: PMC10360340.
Andreou AP, Edvinsson L. Mechanisms of migraine as a chronic evolutive condition. J Headache Pain. 2019 Dec 23;20(1):117. doi: 10.1186/s10194-019-1066-0. PMID: 31870279; PMCID: PMC6929435.
Youssef PE, Mack KJ. Episodic and chronic migraine in children. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2020 Jan;62(1):34-41. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14338. Epub 2019 Aug 28. PMID: 31463934.
Wachowska K, Bliźniewska-Kowalska K, Sławek J, Adamczyk-Sowa M, Szulc A, Maes M, Kuan-Pin S, Gałecki P. Common pathomechanism of migraine and depression. Psychiatr Pol. 2023 Apr 30;57(2):405-419. English, Polish. doi: 10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/143982. Epub 2023 Apr 30. PMID: 36371736.
Lipton RB, Buse DC, Nahas SJ, Tietjen GE, Martin VT, Löf E, Brevig T, Cady R, Diener HC. Risk factors for migraine disease progression: a narrative review for a patient-centered approach. J Neurol. 2023 Dec;270(12):5692-5710. doi: 10.1007/s00415-023-11880-2. Epub 2023 Aug 24. PMID: 37615752; PMCID: PMC10632231.
Peters GL. Migraine overview and summary of current and emerging treatment options. Am J Manag Care. 2019 Jan;25(2 Suppl):S23-S34. PMID: 30681821.
Pelzer N, de Boer I, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Terwindt GM. Neurological and psychiatric comorbidities of migraine: Concepts and future perspectives. Cephalalgia. 2023 Jun;43(6):3331024231180564. doi: 10.1177/03331024231180564. PMID: 37293935.
Gazerani P. Migraine and Diet. Nutrients. 2020 Jun 3;12(6):1658. doi: 10.3390/nu12061658. PMID: 32503158; PMCID: PMC7352457.
Garrigós-Pedrón M, Segura-Ortí E, Gracia-Naya M, La Touche R. Predictive factors of sleep quality in patients with chronic migraine. Neurologia (Engl Ed). 2022 Mar;37(2):101-109. English, Spanish. doi: 10.1016/j.nrl.2018.11.004. Epub 2019 Mar 8. PMID: 30857790.
Tiseo C, Vacca A, Felbush A, Filimonova T, Gai A, Glazyrina T, Hubalek IA, Marchenko Y, Overeem LH, Piroso S, Tkachev A, Martelletti P, Sacco S; European Headache Federation School of Advanced Studies (EHF-SAS). Migraine and sleep disorders: a systematic review. J Headache Pain. 2020 Oct 27;21(1):126. doi: 10.1186/s10194-020-01192-5. PMID: 33109076; PMCID: PMC7590682.
Holland PR, Barloese M, Fahrenkrug J. PACAP in hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythm: importance for headache. J Headache Pain. 2018 Mar 5;19(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s10194-018-0844-4. PMID: 29508090; PMCID: PMC5838029.
Di Lauro M, Guerriero C, Cornali K, Albanese M, Costacurta M, Mercuri NB, Di Daniele N, Noce A. Linking Migraine to Gut Dysbiosis and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases. Nutrients. 2023 Oct 11;15(20):4327. doi: 10.3390/nu15204327. PMID: 37892403; PMCID: PMC10609600.
Ochoa-Repáraz J, Kasper LH. The Second Brain: Is the Gut Microbiota a Link Between Obesity and Central Nervous System Disorders? Curr Obes Rep. 2016 Mar;5(1):51-64. doi: 10.1007/s13679-016-0191-1. PMID: 26865085; PMCID: PMC4798912.
Deen M, Christensen CE, Hougaard A, Hansen HD, Knudsen GM, Ashina M. Serotonergic mechanisms in the migraine brain - a systematic review. Cephalalgia. 2017 Mar;37(3):251-264. doi: 10.1177/0333102416640501. Epub 2016 Jul 11. PMID: 27013238.
Heatley RV, Denburg JA, Bayer N, Bienenstock J. Increased plasma histamine levels in migraine patients. Clin Allergy. 1982 Mar;12(2):145-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1982.tb01633.x. PMID: 6176358.
Pozo-Rosich P, Carmo M, Muñiz A, Armada B, Moya-Alarcón C, Pascual J. Migraine treatment: quo vadis? Real-world data study (2015-2022) in Spain. BMC Neurol. 2024 Apr 2;24(1):107. doi: 10.1186/s12883-024-03600-8. PMID: 38566063; PMCID: PMC10985889.
Ranganathan LN, Ramamurthy G, Kanthimathinathan S. Preventive Oral Treatment of Episodic Migraine: An Overview. Neurol India. 2021 Mar-Apr;69(Supplement):S51-S58. doi: 10.4103/0028-3886.315985. PMID: 34003148.
Goadsby PJ, Lipton RB, Ferrari MD. Migraine--current understanding and treatment. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jan 24;346(4):257-70. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra010917. PMID: 11807151.
Zobdeh F, Ben Kraiem A, Attwood MM, Chubarev VN, Tarasov VV, Schiöth HB, Mwinyi J. Pharmacological treatment of migraine: Drug classes, mechanisms of action, clinical trials and new treatments. Br J Pharmacol. 2021 Dec;178(23):4588-4607. doi: 10.1111/bph.15657. Epub 2021 Sep 26. PMID: 34379793.
Silberstein SD, Kori SH. Dihydroergotamine: a review of formulation approaches for the acute treatment of migraine. CNS Drugs. 2013 May;27(5):385-94. doi: 10.1007/s40263-013-0061-2. PMID: 23620146.
Goadsby PJ, Classey JD. Evidence for serotonin (5-HT)1B, 5-HT1D and 5-HT1F receptor inhibitory effects on trigeminal neurons with craniovascular input. Neuroscience. 2003;122(2):491-8. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00570-0. PMID: 14614913.
Younis S, Christensen CE, Toft NM, Søborg T, Amin FM, Hougaard A, Ashina M. Investigation of distinct molecular pathways in migraine induction using calcitonin gene-related peptide and sildenafil. Cephalalgia. 2019 Dec;39(14):1776-1788. doi: 10.1177/0333102419882474. Epub 2019 Nov 4. PMID: 31684759.
Khazaei M, Hosseini Nejad Mir N, Yadranji Aghdam F, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. Effectiveness of intravenous dexamethasone, metoclopramide, ketorolac, and chlorpromazine for pain relief and prevention of recurrence in the migraine headache: a prospective double-blind randomized clinical trial. Neurol Sci. 2019 May;40(5):1029-1033. doi: 10.1007/s10072-019-03766-x. Epub 2019 Feb 19. PMID: 30783794.
Shaterian N, Shaterian N, Ghanaatpisheh A, Abbasi F, Daniali S, Jahromi MJ, Sanie MS, Abdoli A. Botox (OnabotulinumtoxinA) for Treatment of Migraine Symptoms: A Systematic Review. Pain Res Manag. 2022 Mar 31;2022:3284446. doi: 10.1155/2022/3284446. PMID: 35401888; PMCID: PMC8989603.
Dakhale GN, Sharma VS, Thakre MN, Kalikar M. Low-dose sodium valproate versus low-dose propranolol in prophylaxis of common migraine headache: A randomized, prospective, parallel, open-label study. Indian J Pharmacol. 2019 Jul-Aug;51(4):255-262. doi: 10.4103/ijp.IJP_457_18. PMID: 31571712; PMCID: PMC6759533.
Puledda F, Shields K. Non-Pharmacological Approaches for Migraine. Neurotherapeutics. 2018 Apr;15(2):336-345. doi: 10.1007/s13311-018-0623-6. PMID: 29616493; PMCID: PMC5935652.
Bae JY, Sung HK, Kwon NY, Go HY, Kim TJ, Shin SM, Lee S. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Migraine Headache: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Dec 28;58(1):44. doi: 10.3390/medicina58010044. PMID: 35056352; PMCID: PMC8777662.
Peng W, Lauche R, Frawley J, Sibbritt D, Adams J. Utilization of complementary and alternative medicine and conventional medicine for headache or migraine during pregnancy: A cross-sectional survey of 1,835 pregnant women. Complement Ther Med. 2018 Dec;41:192-195. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.09.027. Epub 2018 Sep 29. PMID: 30477838.
Rapoff MA, Connelly M, Bickel JL, Powers SW, Hershey AD, Allen JR, Karlson CW, Litzenburg CC, Belmont JM. Headstrong intervention for pediatric migraine headache: a randomized clinical trial. J Headache Pain. 2014 Feb 28;15(1):12. doi: 10.1186/1129-2377-15-12. PMID: 24580721; PMCID: PMC3996073.
Raposio G, Antonini A, Gualdi A, Raposio E. Frontal site surgery for chronic migraine therapy. Acta Biomed. 2023 Dec 5;94(6):e2023253. doi: 10.23750/abm.v94i6.14777. PMID: 38054685; PMCID: PMC10734223.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Jakub Skrzypek, Jagoda Niewiadomska, Borys Bondos, Aleksandra Stępień, Alicja Paluch, Aleksandra Niekra, Łukasz Fussek, Robert Kochan, Ewelina Wieczorek, Kacper Lee

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The periodical offers access to content in the Open Access system under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 113
Number of citations: 0