Comparative Efficacy of Amiodarone and Lidocaine in Treating Cardiac Arrest Due to Ventricular Fibrillation and Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia in Adults. A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2024.76.56266Keywords
lidocaine, amiodarone, VF, pVT, ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, cardiac arrestAbstract
Introduction:Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a critical emergency, with shockable rhythms like ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) posing challenges. Amiodarone and lidocaine are key antiarrhythmic drugs used with defibrillation. While both improve hospital admission rates, their effects on survival and neurological outcomes remain unclear. This review examines their comparative efficacy to guide clinical practice.
Materials and methods:A thorough literature review was performed using electronic databases. The search was restricted to English-language articles published from 1970 to 2024.
Aim of the study:The aim of this study is to systematically review and compare the efficacy of lidocaine and amiodarone in the treatment of cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia in adults. This review seeks to evaluate the existing literature to determine the effectiveness and clinical outcomes associated with each medication.
Conclusions: The comparative analysis of amiodarone and lidocaine highlights their respective strengths and limitations in managing cardiac arrest, offering valuable insights for clinical practice. Amiodarone stands out as the preferred antiarrhythmic agent due to its significant efficacy in improving short-term outcomes, such as return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival to hospital admission. Overall, amiodarone's efficacy and broader applicability position it as the first-line agent for shock-refractory ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (pVT). Lidocaine serves as an important alternative in specific scenarios. Future research should aim to optimize antiarrhythmic protocols, improve long-term survival and neurological outcomes, and explore innovative approaches to resuscitation.
References
Nichol G, Thomas E, Callaway CW, Hedges J, Powell JL, et al. JAMA, Regional variation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and outcome. , 2008, 300(12), 1423–1431.
Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, et al. Circulation, Heart disease and stroke statistics--2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association. , 2014,doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000441139.02102.80.
Van Alem AP, Post J, Koster RW. Resuscitation, VF recurrence: Characteristics and patient outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. , 2003, 59(2), 181–188.
Koster RW, Walker RG, Chapman FW. Resuscitation, Recurrent ventricular fibrillation during advanced life support care of patients with prehospital cardiac arrest. , 2008, 78(3), 252–257.
Kudenchuk PJ, Cobb LA, Copass MK, Cummins RO, Doherty AM, et al. N Engl J Med, Amiodarone for resuscitation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. , 1999, 341(12), 871–878.
Kudenchuk PJ, Cobb LA, Copass MK, Olsufka M, Maynard C, et al. Circulation, Transthoracic incremental monophasic versus biphasic defibrillation by emergency responders (TIMBER): a randomized comparison of monophasic with biphasic waveform ascending energy defibrillation for the resuscitation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. , 2006, 114(19), 2010–2018.
Cummins RO, Ornato JP, Thies WH, Pepe PE, Billi JE, et al. Circulation, Improving survival from sudden cardiac arrest: the ‘chain of survival’ concept. A statement for health professionals from the Advanced Cardiac Life Support Subcommittee and the Emergency Cardiac Care Committee, American Heart Association. , 1991, 83(5), 1832–1847.
Hamilton D, Nandkeolyar S, Lan H, Desai P, Evans J, et al. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs, Amiodarone: A Comprehensive Guide for Clinicians. , 2020, 20(6), 549–558.
Hein L. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, Amiodaron. , 2001, 126(21), 625–626.
Freedman MD, Somberg JC. J Clin Pharmacol, Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of amiodarone. , 1991, 31(11), 1061–1069.
Dorian P, Cass D, Schwartz B, Cooper R, Gelaznikas R, et al. New England Journal of Medicine, Amiodarone as Compared with Lidocaine for Shock-Resistant Ventricular Fibrillation. , 2002, 346(12), 884–890.
Kudenchuk PJ, Cobb LA, Copass MK, Cummins RO, Doherty AM, et al. N Engl J Med, Amiodarone for resuscitation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. , 1999, 341(12), 871–878.
Kudenchuk PJ, Brown SP, Daya M, Rea T, Nichol G, et al. New England Journal of Medicine, Amiodarone, Lidocaine, or Placebo in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. , 2016, 374(18), 1711–1722.
Singh A, Heeney M, Montgomery ME. Emerg Med Clin North Am, The Pharmacologic Management of Cardiac Arrest. , 2023, 41(3), 559–572.
Lupton JR, Neth MR, Sahni R, Jui J, Wittwer L, et al. Academic Emergency Medicine, Survival by time-to-administration of amiodarone, lidocaine, or placebo in shock-refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. , 2023, 30(9), 906–917.
Tijssen J, DeCaen A. Resuscitation, No shocking updates for the lidocaine vs amiodarone in pediatric pVT/VF story. , 2020, 149, 233–234.
Chowdhury A, Fernandes B, Melhuish TM, White LD. Heart Lung Circ, Antiarrhythmics in Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. , 2018, 27(3), 280–290.
Hunter BR, Musey PI. Ann Emerg Med, In Patients With Cardiac Arrest, Does Amiodarone or Lidocaine Increase Meaningful Survival? , 2017, 69(5), 572–574.
Feduska ET, Thoma BN, Torjman MC, Goldhammer JE. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, Acute Amiodarone Pulmonary Toxicity. , 2021, 35(5), 1485–1494.
Collinsworth KA, Kalman SM, Harrison DC. Circulation, The Clinical Pharmacology of Lidocaine as an Antiarrhythymic Drug. , 1974, 50(6), 1217–1230.
Beaussier M, Delbos A, Maurice-Szamburski A, Ecoffey C, Mercadal L. Drugs, Perioperative Use of Intravenous Lidocaine. , 2018, 78(12), 1229–1246.
Pieper JA, Slaughter RL, Anderson GD, Wyman MG, Lalka D. http://dx.doi.org/101177/106002808201600403, Lidocaine Clinical Pharmacokinetics. , 1982, 16(4), 291–294.
Zhao H, Fan K, Feng G. Am J Emerg Med, Amiodarone and/or lidocaine for cardiac arrest: A Bayesian network meta-analysis. , 2020, 38(10), 2185–2193.
Singh BN. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther, Antiarrhythmic drugs in cardiac arrest resuscitation: intravenous amiodarone or intravenous lidocaine? , 2002, 7(2), 61–64.
Wagner D, Kronick SL, Nawer H, Cranford JA, Bradley SM, et al. Chest, Comparative Effectiveness of Amiodarone and Lidocaine for the Treatment of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. , 2023, 163(5), 1109–1119.
Wagner D, Kronick SL, Nawer H, Cranford JA, Bradley SM, et al. Chest, Comparative Effectiveness of Amiodarone and Lidocaine for the Treatment of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. , 2023, 163(5), 1109–1119.
Kudenchuk PJ, Cobb LA, Copass MK, Cummins RO, Doherty AM, et al. New England Journal of Medicine, Amiodarone for Resuscitation after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Due to Ventricular Fibrillation. , 1999, 341(12), 871–878.
Handa BS, Lawal S, Wright IJ, Li X, Cabello-García J, et al. Front Cardiovasc Med, Interventricular Differences in Action Potential Duration Restitution Contribute to Dissimilar Ventricular Rhythms in ex vivo Perfused Hearts. , 2019,doi: 10.3389/FCVM.2019.00034.
Wissa J, Schultz B V., Wilson D, Rashford S, Bosley E, et al. Emerg Med Australas, Time to amiodarone administration and survival outcomes in refractory ventricular fibrillation. , 2021, 33(6), 1088–1094.
Kudenchuk PJ, Brown SP, Daya M, Rea T, Nichol G, et al. N Engl J Med, Amiodarone, Lidocaine, or Placebo in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. , 2016, 374(18), 1711–1722.
Rea RS, Kane-Gill SL, Rudis MI, Seybert AL, Oyen LJ, et al. Crit Care Med, Comparing intravenous amiodarone or lidocaine, or both, outcomes for inpatients with pulseless ventricular arrhythmias. , 2006, 34(6), 1617–1623.
Valdes SO, Donoghue AJ, Hoyme DB, Hammond R, Berg MD, et al. Resuscitation, Outcomes associated with amiodarone and lidocaine in the treatment of in-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest with pulseless ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. , 2014, 85(3), 381–386.
Yoshie K, Tomita T, Takeuchi T, Okada A, Miura T, et al. Int J Cardiol, Renewed impact of lidocaine on refractory ventricular arrhythmias in the amiodarone era. , 2014, 176(3), 936–940.
Sanfilippo F, Corredor C, Santonocito C, Panarello G, Arcadipane A, et al. Resuscitation, Amiodarone or lidocaine for cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2016, 107, 31–37.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Patryk Dryja, Agata Boczar, Izabela Orzołek, Izabela Stawicka, Jakub Jarmołowicz, Sven Solisch, Bianka Solisch
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The periodical offers access to content in the Open Access system under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 95
Number of citations: 0
