Physical activity in pregnant women: Literature review and educational recommendations

Abstract

INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE 

Physical activity during pregnancy has numerous health benefits, including reducing the risk of excessive gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. Quality of life (QOL) often decreases during pregnancy which may be linked to reduced physical activity (PA). This article emphasizes the importance of exercise during pregnancy and postpartum.

METHODS 

An extensive examination of articles published in scientific journals was carried out through  online  research platforms  PubMed and Google Scholar. We searched articles by entering keywords in appropriate configuration: “physical activity”, “pregnancy”, “pregnant exercises”, “pregnant woman”, “quality of life”, “QOL”.

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Gestational overweight and obesity are linked to negative outcomes for both mother and child. Additionally, physical activity plays a vital role in reducing postpartum depressive disorders and managing conditions such as gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders. WHO recommends to get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week during pregnancy and the postpartum period. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) similarly advises engaging in a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, like brisk walking, each week during and after pregnancy. 

SUMMARY

Physical activity can play a crucial role in preventing depressive disorders in women during the postpartum period.  A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted in 2017 revealed that women who engaged in aerobic exercise for 30 to 60 minutes, 2 to 7 times a week, had a significantly lower risk of gestational hypertensive disorders, gestational hypertension, and cesarean delivery compared to those who were more sedentary.