It's not just adults who gnash their teeth - a comprehensive review of the latest information on bruxism in children
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2024.67.55099Keywords
bruxism, children, sleep bruxism, tooth wear, bruxism diagnosis, bruxism etiology, bruxism treatmentAbstract
Introduction
Bruxism is a parafunction characterized by excessive chewing muscle activity involving grinding or clenching of the teeth. Bruxism has become a significant challenge in the field of pediatric dentistry.
Aim of the study
The aim of this comprehensive review is to provide an overview of bruxism in children, focusing on etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and current treatment options. To draw attention to the prevalence of the disorder and to raise awareness of the importance of early recognition and intervention for bruxism in children.
Materials and methods
An analysis of scientific articles available in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases was conducted. Our research is supported by all relevant publications from recent years. The etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of bruxism in children were of particular interest in the study. This process involved the use of the following keywords: ‘bruxism’, ‘children’, ‘sleep bruxism’, ‘tooth wear’, ‘bruxism diagnosis’, ‘bruxism etiology’, ‘bruxism treatment’.
Conclusions
We evaluated 31 relevant publications. The results of the study indicate a variation in the prevalence of bruxism in children, oscillating between 13-49%. The etiology of this disorder is multidimensional and remains incompletely elucidated. The primary methods of diagnosing bruxism in younger patients include observation by parents or caregivers, a thorough health history and intraoral and extraoral dental examination. Physiotherapy and psychotherapy are recommended for the treatment of nocturnal bruxism in children. Prompt recognition of the disorder and implementation of appropriate therapy can help to halt the progression of motor dysfunction of the masticatory apparatus in children.
References
Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Raphael KG, Wetselaar P, Glaros AG, Kato T, i in. International consensus on the assessment of bruxism: Report of a work in progress. J Oral Rehabil. 2018;45(11):837–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12663
Alfano CA, Bower JL, Meers JM. Polysomnography-Detected Bruxism in Children is Associated With Somatic Complaints But Not Anxiety. J Clin Sleep Med. 2018;14(01):23–9. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.6872
Van Selms MKA, Marpaung C, Pogosian A, Lobbezoo F. Geographical variation of parental-reported sleep bruxism among children: comparison between the Netherlands, Armenia and Indonesia. Int Dent J. 2019;69(3):237–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/idj.12450
Bulanda S, Ilczuk-Rypuła D, Nitecka-Buchta A, Nowak Z, Baron S, Postek-Stefańska L. Sleep Bruxism in Children: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment—A Literature Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(18):9544. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189544
Viscuso D, Storari M, Aprile M, Denotti G, Serri M. Bruxism in children: What do we know? Narrative Review of the current evidence. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2023;24(3):207–10. https://doi.org/10.23804/ejpd.2023.24.03.02
Beddis H, Pemberton M, Davies S. Sleep bruxism: an overview for clinicians. Br Dent J. 2018;225(6):497–501.
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.757
Ierardo G, Mazur M, Luzzi V, Calcagnile F, Ottolenghi L, Polimeni A. Treatments of sleep bruxism in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CRANIO®. 2021;39(1):58–64.
https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.2019.1581470
Guo H, Wang T, Niu X, Wang H, Yang W, Qiu J, i in. The risk factors related to bruxism in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Oral Biol. 2018;86:18–34.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.11.004
Manfredini D, Colonna A, Bracci A, Lobbezoo F. Bruxism: a summary of current knowledge on etiology, assessment, and management. Oral Surg.2020;13(4):358–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/ors.12454
Alves CL, Fagundes DM, Soares PBF, Ferreira MC. Knowledge of parents/caregivers about bruxism in children treated at the pediatric dentistry clinic. Sleep Sci. 2019;12(03):185–9. https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-0063.20190083
Lee YH. Relationship Analogy between Sleep Bruxism and Temporomandibular Disorders in Children: A Narrative Review. Children. 2022;9(10):1466.
https://doi.org/10.3390/children9101466
Luconi E, Togni L, Mascitti M, Tesei A, Nori A, Barlattani A, i in. Bruxism in Children and Adolescents with Down Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review. Medicina (Mex). 2021;57(3):224.
https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57030224
Alves EG, Fagundes DM, Ferreira MC. Sleep bruxism in children and its association with clinical and sleep characteristics: cross-sectional study. RGO - Rev Gaúcha Odontol. 2022;70:e20220011.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-86372022001120200077
De Baat C, Verhoeff MC, Ahlberg J, Manfredini D, Winocur E, Zweers P, i in. Medications and addictive substances potentially inducing or attenuating sleep bruxism and/or awake bruxism. J Oral Rehabil. 2021;48(3):343–54.
https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.13061
Korkmaz C, Bellaz İB, Kılıçarslan MA, Dikicier S, Karabulut B. Influence of psychiatric symptom profiles of parents on sleep bruxism intensity of their children. Acta Odontol Scand. 2024;82(1):33–9.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00016357.2023.2254374
Brancher LC, Cademartori MG, Jansen K, Da Silva RA, Bach S, Reyes A, i in. Social, emotional, and behavioral problems and parent-reported sleep bruxism in schoolchildren. J Am Dent Assoc. 2020;151(5):327–33.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2020.01.025
Drumond CL, Paiva SM, Vieira-Andrade RG, Ramos-Jorge J, Ramos-Jorge ML, Provini F, i in. Do family functioning and mothers’ and children’s stress increase the odds of probable sleep bruxism among schoolchildren? A case control study. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24(2):1025–33.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-02997-8
Restrepo‐Serna C, Santamaría‐Villegas A. Association between stress and catecholamines with painful TMD in children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2024;ipd.13176.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.13176
Sampaio NM, Oliveira MC, Andrade AC, Santos LB, Sampaio M, Ortega A. Relationship between stress and sleep bruxism in children and their mothers: A case control study. Sleep Sci. 2018;11(04):239–44.
https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-0063.20180038
Souto-Souza D, Mourão PS, Barroso HH, Douglas-de-Oliveira DW, Ramos-Jorge ML, Falci SGM, i in. Is there an association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents and the occurrence of bruxism? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2020;53:101330.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101330
Lima LCMD, Leal TR, AraúJo LJSD, Sousa MLC, Silva SED, Serra-Negra JMC, i in. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep quality and sleep bruxism in children eight to ten years of age. Braz Oral Res. 2022;36:e046.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0046
Lamenha Lins RM, Cavalcanti Campêlo MC, Mello Figueiredo L, Vilela Heimer M, Dos Santos-Junior VE. Probable Sleep Bruxism in Children and its Relationship with Harmful Oral Habits, Type of Crossbite and Oral Breathing. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2020;44(1):66–9.
https://doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-44.1.12
Oh JS, Zaghi S, Ghodousi N, Peterson C, Silva D, Lavigne GJ, i in. Determinants of probable sleep bruxism in a paediatric mixed dentition population: a multivariate analysis of mouth vs. nasal breathing, tongue mobility, and tonsil size. Sleep Med. 2021;77:7–13.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2020.11.007
Topaloglu-Ak A, Kurtulmus H, Basa S, Sabuncuoglu O. Can sleeping habits be associated with sleep bruxism, temporomandibular disorders and dental caries among children? Dent Med Probl. 2022;59(4):517–22.https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/150615
Restrepo C, Santamaría A, Manrique R. Sleep bruxism in children: relationship with screen-time and sugar consumption. Sleep Med X. 2021;3:100035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleepx.2021.100035
Wieckiewicz M, Bogunia-Kubik K, Mazur G, Danel D, Smardz J, Wojakowska A, i in. Genetic basis of sleep bruxism and sleep apnea—response to a medical puzzle. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):7497. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64615-y
Osiewicz MA, Lobbezoo F, Bracci A, Ahlberg J, Pytko-Polończyk J, Manfredini D. Ecological Momentary Assessment and Intervention Principles for the Study of Awake Bruxism Behaviours, Part 2: Development of a Smartphone Application for a Multicenter Investigation and Chronological Translation for the Polish Version. Front Neurol. 2019;10:170. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00170
Mostafavi SN, Jafari A, Hoseini S, Khademian M, Kelishadi R. The efficacy of low and moderate dosage of diazepam on sleep bruxism in children: A randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Res Med Sci. 2019;24(1):8. https://doi.org/10.4103/jrms.JRMS_131_18
Tavares-Silva C, Holandino C, Homsani F, Luiz RR, Prodestino J, Farah A, i in. Homoeopathic medicine of Melissa officinalis combined or not with Phytolacca decandra in the treatment of possible sleep bruxism in children: A crossover randomised triple-blinded controlled clinical trial. Phytomedicine. 2019;58:152869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152869
Chisini LA, San Martin AS, Cademartori MG, Boscato N, Correa MB, Goettems ML. Interventions to reduce bruxism in children and adolescents: a systematic scoping review and critical reflection. Eur J Pediatr. 2020;179(2):177–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-019-03549-8
Garmroudinezhad Rostami E, Touchette É, Huynh N, Montplaisir J, Tremblay RE, Battaglia M, i in. High separation anxiety trajectory in early childhood is a risk factor for sleep bruxism at age 7. Sleep. 2020;43(7):zsz317. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsz317
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Barbara Wajdowicz, Gabriela Broniec, Klaudia Kowalska, Laura Pacek, Aleksandra Kudła, Weronika Kiełt, Rozalia Czapiewska, Julia Kozłowska, Aleksandra Wróbel, Aleksandra Dziewulska
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The periodical offers access to content in the Open Access system under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 163
Number of citations: 0
