Effect of creatine supplementation on cognitive function and mood
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2024.73.51712Keywords
Creatine, Cognitive function, MoodAbstract
Background: Creatine, a naturally occurring compound plays a crucial role in cellular energy metabolism, particularly in tissues with high energy demands like muscles and the brain. Beyond its well-established role in physical performance enhancement, recent research has revealed its potential benefits for cognitive functions and mood regulation. This review paper aims to comprehensively analyze the existing literature on creatine supplementation's effects on cognitive functions and mood.
State of Knowledge: Findings suggest that creatine supplementation enhances memory, attention, and executive functions, especially under conditions of stress or sleep deprivation. Moreover, it exhibits mood-stabilizing effects, potentially offering relief for symptoms of depression and fatigue. Creatine's ability to augment brain energy metabolism, alongside its neuroprotective properties, underlies its cognitive and mood-enhancing effects. While generally safe, caution is advised, particularly in populations with kidney diseases or those using medications affecting kidney function.
Summary: Creatine emerges as a promising adjunct therapy for enhancing cognitive functions and promoting emotional well-being beyond its traditional role in physical performance.The review underscores the need for further research to elucidate the precise mechanisms of creatine's effects and explore its synergistic potential with other cognitive-enhancing supplements.
References
Marques EP, Wyse ATS. Creatine as a Neuroprotector: an Actor that Can Play Many Parts. Neurotox Res. sierpień 2019;36(2):411–23.
Cooper R, Naclerio F, Allgrove J, Jimenez A. Creatine supplementation with specific view to exercise/sports performance: an update. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 20 lipiec 2012;9:33.
Wyss M, Kaddurah-Daouk R. Creatine and creatinine metabolism. Physiol Rev. lipiec 2000;80(3):1107–213.
Tarnopolsky MA. Caffeine and Creatine Use in Sport. Ann Nutr Metab. 22 luty 2011;57(Suppl. 2):1–8.
Forbes SC, Cordingley DM, Cornish SM, Gualano B, Roschel H, Ostojic SM, i in. Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Brain Function and Health. Nutrients. styczeń 2022;14(5):921.
Jäger R, Purpura M, Shao A, Inoue T, Kreider RB. Analysis of the efficacy, safety, and regulatory status of novel forms of creatine. Amino Acids. 1 maj 2011;40(5):1369–83.
Rosko LM, Gentile T, Smith VN, Manavi Z, Melchor GS, Hu J, i in. Cerebral Creatine Deficiency Affects the Timing of Oligodendrocyte Myelination. J Neurosci. 15 luty 2023;43(7):1143–53.
Kreider RB, Kalman DS, Antonio J, Ziegenfuss TN, Wildman R, Collins R, i in. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 13 czerwiec 2017;14:18.
Bonilla DA, Kreider RB, Stout JR, Forero DA, Kerksick CM, Roberts MD, i in. Metabolic Basis of Creatine in Health and Disease: A Bioinformatics-Assisted Review. Nutrients. 9 kwiecień 2021;13(4):1238.
Allen PJ. Creatine metabolism and psychiatric disorders: Does creatine supplementation have therapeutic value? Neurosci Biobehav Rev. maj 2012;36(5):1442–62.
Rasmussen C, Greenwood M, Kalman D, Antonio J. Nutritional Supplements for Endurance Athletes. W 2008. s. 369–407.
Kaviani M, Shaw K, Chilibeck PD. Benefits of Creatine Supplementation for Vegetarians Compared to Omnivorous Athletes: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. styczeń 2020;17(9):3041.
Wu G. Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health. Amino Acids. 1 marzec 2020;52(3):329–60.
Brosnan ME, Brosnan JT. The role of dietary creatine. Amino Acids. 1 sierpień 2016;48(8):1785–91.
Hall M, Trojian TH. Creatine Supplementation. Curr Sports Med Rep. sierpień 2013;12(4):240.
Comparison between creatine monohydrate and creatine HCl on body composition and performance of the Brazilian Olympic team. Int J Food Nutr Res [Internet]. 2019 [cytowane 21 kwiecień 2024]; Dostępne na: https://escipub.com/ijfnr-2019-05-2205/
Kreider RB. Effects of creatine supplementation on performance and training adaptations. Mol Cell Biochem. 1 luty 2003;244(1):89–94.
Bredahl EC, Eckerson JM, Tracy SM, McDonald TL, Drescher KM. The Role of Creatine in the Development and Activation of Immune Responses. Nutrients. marzec 2021;13(3):751.
Mosiołek A. Metody badań funkcji poznawczych. Psychiatria. 2014;11(4):215–21.
Candow DG, Forbes SC, Ostojic SM, Prokopidis K, Stock MS, Harmon KK, i in. “Heads Up” for Creatine Supplementation and its Potential Applications for Brain Health and Function. Sports Med. 1 grudzień 2023;53(1):49–65.
Gordji-Nejad A, Matusch A, Kleedörfer S, Jayeshkumar Patel H, Drzezga A, Elmenhorst D, i in. Single dose creatine improves cognitive performance and induces changes in cerebral high energy phosphates during sleep deprivation. Sci Rep. 28 luty 2024;14:4937.
McMorris T, Mielcarz G, Harris RC, Swain JP, Howard A. Creatine Supplementation and Cognitive Performance in Elderly Individuals. Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 10 wrzesień 2007;14(5):517–28.
Avgerinos KI, Spyrou N, Bougioukas KI, Kapogiannis D. Effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function of healthy individuals: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Exp Gerontol. 15 lipiec 2018;108:166–73.
Meftahi GH, Hatef B, Pirzad Jahromi G. Creatine Activity as a Neuromodulator in the Central Nervous System. Arch Razi Inst. 31 sierpień 2023;78(4):1169–75.
Béard E, Braissant O. Synthesis and transport of creatine in the CNS: importance for cerebral functions. J Neurochem. 2010;115(2):297–313.
Kreider RB, Stout JR. Creatine in Health and Disease. Nutrients. luty 2021;13(2):447.
Kious BM, Kondo DG, Renshaw PF. Creatine for the Treatment of Depression. Biomolecules. 23 sierpień 2019;9(9):406.
Kanekar S, Ettaro R, Hoffman MD, Ombach HJ, Brown J, Lynch C, i in. Sex-Based Impact of Creatine Supplementation on Depressive Symptoms, Brain Serotonin and SSRI Efficacy in an Animal Model of Treatment-Resistant Depression. Int J Mol Sci. 30 lipiec 2021;22(15):8195.
Watanabe A, Kato N, Kato T. Effects of creatine on mental fatigue and cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation. Neurosci Res. 1 kwiecień 2002;42(4):279–85.
Borchio L, Machek SB, Machado M. Supplemental creatine monohydrate loading improves cognitive function in experienced mountain bikers. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. sierpień 2020;60(8):1168–70.
Roschel H, Gualano B, Ostojic SM, Rawson ES. Creatine Supplementation and Brain Health. Nutrients. 10 luty 2021;13(2):586.
Bakian AV, Huber RS, Scholl L, Renshaw PF, Kondo D. Dietary creatine intake and depression risk among U.S. adults. Transl Psychiatry. 3 luty 2020;10(1):1–11.
Allen PJ, D’Anci KE, Kanarek RB, Renshaw PF. Chronic Creatine Supplementation Alters Depression-like Behavior in Rodents in a Sex-Dependent Manner. Neuropsychopharmacology. styczeń 2010;35(2):534–46.
Buford TW, Kreider RB, Stout JR, Greenwood M, Campbell B, Spano M, i in. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: creatine supplementation and exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 30 sierpień 2007;4(1):6.
Jagim AR, Kerksick CM. Creatine Supplementation in Children and Adolescents. Nutrients. luty 2021;13(2):664.
Kreider RB, Melton C, Rasmussen CJ, Greenwood M, Lancaster S, Cantler EC, i in. Long-term creatine supplementation does not significantly affect clinical markers of health in athletes. Mol Cell Biochem. luty 2003;244(1–2):95–104.
Francaux M, Poortmans JR. Side effects of creatine supplementation in athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. grudzień 2006;1(4):311–23.
Kim HJ, Kim CK, Carpentier A, Poortmans JR. Studies on the safety of creatine supplementation. Amino Acids. maj 2011;40(5):1409–18.
Antonio J, Candow DG, Forbes SC, Gualano B, Jagim AR, Kreider RB, i in. Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show? J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 8 luty 2021;18(1):13.
Longobardi I, Gualano B, Seguro AC, Roschel H. Is It Time for a Requiem for Creatine Supplementation-Induced Kidney Failure? A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 18 marzec 2023;15(6):1466.
Casimir G, Gianchandani P, Stasiak R, Fagan JM. Lack of Knowledge on the Use and Benefits of Creatine. W [object Object]; 2012 [cytowane 21 kwiecień 2024]. Dostępne na: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/42870/
Smith-Ryan AE, Cabre HE, Eckerson JM, Candow DG. Creatine Supplementation in Women’s Health: A Lifespan Perspective. Nutrients. marzec 2021;13(3):877.
Cappelletti S, Daria P, Sani G, Aromatario M. Caffeine: Cognitive and Physical Performance Enhancer or Psychoactive Drug? Curr Neuropharmacol. styczeń 2015;13(1):71–88.
The Potential of Ginkgo biloba as a Source of Biologically Active Compounds—A Review of the Recent Literature and Patents - PMC [Internet]. [cytowane 22 kwiecień 2024]. Dostępne na: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10222153/
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Depression: Scientific Evidence and Biological Mechanisms - PMC [Internet]. [cytowane 22 kwiecień 2024]. Dostępne na: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3976923/
Heller A, Koch T, Schmeck J, van Ackern K. Lipid Mediators in Inflammatory Disorders. Drugs. 1998;55(4):487–96.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Kamil Walczak, Julia Krasnoborska, Sylwia Samojedny, Maciej Superson, Katarzyna Szmyt, Katarzyna Szymańska, Klaudia Wilk-Trytko
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The periodical offers access to content in the Open Access system under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 770
Number of citations: 0
