The effects that secondary parkinsonian syndromes have on health status
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2024.53.011Keywords
Drug-induced parkinsonism, parkinsonism, Parkinson's disease, Vascular parkinsonism, Parkinsonian syndromeAbstract
Introduction and aim of work:
The parkinsonian syndrome is a component of Parkinson's disease. A thorough neurological examination can detect symptoms belonging to the parkinsonian syndrome. Diagnosis using the Queen Square Brain Bank criteria is based on the presence of bradykinesia along with one additional symptom in the patient. These include muscle rigidity or resting tremors at a frequency of 4-6 Hz, or postural disturbances that cannot be explained by visual, vestibular, cerebellar, or deep sensory disorders. The parkinsonian syndrome can occur in idiopathic Parkinson's disease, hereditary disorders, secondary parkinsonism, or be part of an atypical parkinsonian syndrome.
The aim of the study was to discuss the diagnostic features and differences in the occurrence of the parkinsonian syndrome as a component of Parkinson's disease, both within the context of other neurological disorders.
Materials and methods: The foundation of the research was medical articles gathered from the Google Scholar database. The studies were conducted by analyzing keywords such as "parkinsonism," "drug-induced parkinsonism," and "vascular parkinsonism."
Results: Secondary parkinsonism, or secondary parkinsonism syndrome, can be indicated by clinical features such as: disease onset below the age of 40, abrupt onset, rapid disease progression, symptoms related to medication use, and symptoms associated with the underlying condition. In addition to clinical evaluation, imaging studies are also employed. Various conditions can lead to the development of secondary parkinsonism, including hydrocephalus, brain tumors, encephalitis, cerebral atherosclerosis, traumatic brain injuries, medications, and poisoning. The aforementioned conditions exert different mechanisms of influence on the central nervous system.
References
Fleury V, Brindel P, Nicastro N, Burkhard PR. Descriptive epidemiology of parkinsonism in the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2018 Sep;54:30-39. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.03.030.
Höllerhage M. Secondary parkinsonism due to drugs, vascular lesions, tumors, trauma, and other insults. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2019;149:377-418. doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.10.010.
Xing F, Marsili L, Truong DD. Parkinsonism in viral, paraneoplastic, and autoimmune diseases. J Neurol Sci. 2022 Feb 15;433:120014. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120014.
Shin HW, Hong SW, Youn YC. Clinical Aspects of the Differential Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonism. J Clin Neurol. 2022 May;18(3):259-270. doi: 10.3988/jcn.2022.18.3.259.
Oh YS, Kim JS, Park HE, Song IU, Park JW, Yang DW, Son BC, Lee SH, Lee KS. Association between urine protein/creatinine ratio and cognitive dysfunction in Lewy body disorders. J Neurol Sci. 2016 Mar 15;362:258-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.01.061.
Huang ZH, Chen HC, Chou YC, Lin CL, Kao CH, Lo HY, Yang TY, Liu FC. Does nephrotic syndrome without chronic kidney disease increase the risk of Parkinson's disease and secondary parkinsonism? A nationwide population-based study in Taiwan. BMJ Open. 2018 Jul 7;8(7):e020821. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020821.
Sundbøll J, Szépligeti SK, Szentkúti P, Adelborg K, Horváth-Puhó E, Pedersen L, Henderson VW, Sørensen HT. Risk of Parkinson Disease and Secondary Parkinsonism in Myocardial Infarction Survivors. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022 Mar;11(5):e022768. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.022768.
Rektor I, Bohnen NI, Korczyn AD. Subtype definition of vascular parkinsonism. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2018 Jul;52:107-108. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.03.005.
Levin OS, Chimagomedova AS, Skripkina NA, Lyashenko EA, Babkina OV. Nonmotor Symptoms in Vascular and Other Secondary Parkinsonism. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2017;134:1303-1334. doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.05.016.
Raccagni C, Nonnekes J, Bloem BR, Peball M, Boehme C, Seppi K, Wenning GK. Gait and postural disorders in parkinsonism: a clinical approach. J Neurol. 2020 Nov;267(11):3169-3176. doi: 10.1007/s00415-019-09382-1.
Sung YH, Kang SY. Pain in atypical parkinsonism, vascular parkinsonism, and Parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci. 2022 Aug;43(8):4797-4802. doi: 10.1007/s10072-022-06035-6.
Srivanitchapoom P, Pitakpatapee Y, Suengtaworn A. Parkinsonian syndromes: A review. Neurol India. 2018 Mar-Apr;66(Supplement):S15-S25. doi: 10.4103/0028-3886.226459.
Benítez-Rivero S, Lama MJ, Huertas-Fernández I, Alvarez de Toledo P, Cáceres-Redondo MT, Martín-Rodríguez JF, Carrillo F, Carballo M, Palomar FJ, Mir P. Clinical features and neuropsychological profile in vascular parkinsonism. J Neurol Sci. 2014 Oct 15;345(1-2):193-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.07.046.
Vale TC, Caramelli P, Cardoso F. Clinicoradiological comparison between vascular parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2015 May;86(5):547-53. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-307867.
Ma KKY, Lin S, Mok VCT. Neuroimaging in Vascular Parkinsonism. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2019 Nov 26;19(12):102. doi: 10.1007/s11910-019-1019-7.
Dunet V, Deverdun J, Charroud C, Le Bars E, Molino F, Menjot de Champfleur S, Maury F, Charif M, Ayrignac X, Labauge P, Castelnovo G, Pinna F, Bonafe A, Geny C, Menjot de Champfleur N. Cognitive Impairment and Basal Ganglia Functional Connectivity in Vascular Parkinsonism. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2016 Dec;37(12):2310-2316. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A4889.
Goyal S, Kamble N, Mukheem Mudabbir MA, Bhattacharya A, Yadav R, Pal PK. Determinants of Levodopa Responsiveness in Patients with Vascular Parkinsonism. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2022 Nov-Dec;25(6):1075-1079. doi: 10.4103/aian.aian_100_22.
Caba LM, Ferrairó JIT, Torres IM, Costa JFV, Muñoz RB, Martin AL. Increased pulsatility index supports diagnosis of vascular parkinsonism versus idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Neurologia (Engl Ed). 2020 Oct;35(8):563-567. English, Spanish. doi: 10.1016/j.nrl.2017.10.008.
Mei YL, Yang J, Wu ZR, Yang Y, Xu YM. Transcranial Sonography of the Substantia Nigra for the Differential Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. Parkinsons Dis. 2021 Apr 30;2021:8891874. doi: 10.1155/2021/8891874.
Booth TC, Nathan M, Waldman AD, Quigley AM, Schapira AH, Buscombe J. The role of functional dopamine-transporter SPECT imaging in parkinsonian syndromes, part 2. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015 Feb;36(2):236-44. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A3971.
Fu MH, Huang CC, Wu KLH, Chen YF, Kung YC, Lee CC, Liu JS, Lan MY, Chang YY. Higher prevalence of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus-like MRI features in progressive supranuclear palsy: An imaging reminder of atypical parkinsonism. Brain Behav. 2023 Feb;13(2):e2884. doi: 10.1002/brb3.2884.
Mostile G, Fasano A, Zappia M. Parkinsonism in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: is it time for defining a clinical tetrad? Neurol Sci. 2022 Sep;43(9):5201-5205. doi: 10.1007/s10072-022-06119-3.
Bugalho P, Alves L, Miguel R. Gait dysfunction in Parkinson's disease and normal pressure hydrocephalus: a comparative study. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2013 Aug;120(8):1201-7. doi: 10.1007/s00702-013-0975-3.
Picascia M, Pozzi NG, Todisco M, Minafra B, Sinforiani E, Zangaglia R, Ceravolo R, Pacchetti C. Cognitive disorders in normal pressure hydrocephalus with initial parkinsonism in comparison with de novo Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol. 2019 Jan;26(1):74-79. doi: 10.1111/ene.13766.
Youn J, Todisco M, Zappia M, Pacchetti C, Fasano A: Parkinsonism and cerebrospinal fluid disorders. J Neurol Sci 2022; 433: 120019.
Molde K, Söderström L, Laurell K. Parkinsonian symptoms in normal pressure hydrocephalus: a population-based study. J Neurol. 2017 Oct;264(10):2141-2148. doi: 10.1007/s00415-017-8598-5.
Pozzi NG, Brumberg J, Todisco M, Minafra B, Zangaglia R, Bossert I, Trifirò G, Ceravolo R, Vitali P, Isaias IU, Fasano A, Pacchetti C. Striatal Dopamine Deficit and Motor Impairment in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. Mov Disord. 2021 Jan;36(1):124-132. doi: 10.1002/mds.28366.
Fällmar D, Andersson O, Kilander L, Löwenmark M, Nyholm D, Virhammar J. Imaging features associated with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus have high specificity even when comparing with vascular dementia and atypical parkinsonism. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2021 Jul 29;18(1):35. doi: 10.1186/s12987-021-00270-3.
Allali G, Garibotto V, Mainta IC, Nicastro N, Assal F. Dopaminergic imaging separates normal pressure hydrocephalus from its mimics. J Neurol. 2018 Oct;265(10):2434-2441. doi: 10.1007/s00415-018-9029-y.
Marsili L, Vogrig A, Colosimo C. Movement Disorders in Oncology: From Clinical Features to Biomarkers. Biomedicines. 2021 Dec 23;10(1):26. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10010026.
Al-Janabi WSA, Zaman I, Memon AB. Secondary Parkinsonism Due to a Large Anterior Cranial Fossa Meningioma. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med. 2019 Apr 19;6(4):001055. doi: 10.12890/2019_001055.
Choi KH, Choi SM, Nam TS, Lee MC. Astrocytoma in the third ventricle and hypothalamus presenting with parkinsonism. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2012 Mar;51(3):144-6. doi: 10.3340/jkns.2012.51.3.144.
Sasikumar S, Vincent J, Gopinath S, Nambiar V, Umesh SU, Kannoth S, Antony D, Mathai A, Anandakuttan A. Autoimmune parkinsonism with faciobrachiocrural dystonic seizures: a new phenotype of leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) autoimmunity. Acta Neurol Belg. 2022 Oct;122(5):1323-1328. doi: 10.1007/s13760-022-02018-8.
Krauss JK. Movement disorders secondary to craniocerebral trauma. Handb Clin Neurol. 2015;128:475-496. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-63521-1.00030-3
Montenigro PH, Corp DT, Stein TD, Cantu RC, Stern RA. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: historical origins and current perspective. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2015;11:309-330. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112814
Mckee AC, Daneshvar DH. The neuropathology of traumatic brain injury. Handb Clin Neurol. 2015;127:45-66. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-52892-6.00004-0
Fahmi A, Kustono H, Adhistira KS, Subianto H, Utomo B, Turchan A. Chronic subdural hematoma-induced parkinsonism: A systematic review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2021;208:106826. doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106826
Zidan M, Jesser J, Herweh C, et al. Deep Grey Matter Volume is Reduced in Amateur Boxers as Compared to Healthy Age-matched Controls. Clin Neuroradiol. 2023;33(2):475-482. doi:10.1007/s00062-022-01233-3
Yahalom H, Israeli-Korn S, Linder M, et al. Psychiatric Patients on Neuroleptics: Evaluation of Parkinsonism and Quantified Assessment of Gait. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2020;43(1):1-6. doi:10.1097/WNF.0000000000000371
Brigo F, Erro R, Marangi A, Bhatia K, Tinazzi M. Differentiating drug-induced parkinsonism from Parkinson's disease: an update on non-motor symptoms and investigations. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014;20(8):808-814. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.05.011
Bondon-Guitton E, Perez-Lloret S, Bagheri H, Brefel C, Rascol O, Montastruc JL. Drug-induced parkinsonism: a review of 17 years' experience in a regional pharmacovigilance center in France. Mov Disord. 2011;26(12):2226-2231. doi:10.1002/mds.23828
Seeman P. Atypical antipsychotics: mechanism of action. Can J Psychiatry. 2002;47(1):27-38.
Ali T, Sisay M, Tariku M, Mekuria AN, Desalew A. Antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal side effects: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One. 2021;16(9):e0257129. Published 2021 Sep 10. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257129
Richelson E. Interactions of antidepressants with neurotransmitter transporters and receptors and their clinical relevance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64 Suppl 13:5-12.
Alex KD, Pehek EA. Pharmacologic mechanisms of serotonergic regulation of dopamine neurotransmission. Pharmacol Ther. 2007;113(2):296-320. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.08.004
Guo MY, Etminan M, Procyshyn RM, et al. Association of Antidepressant Use With Drug-Related Extrapyramidal Symptoms: A Pharmacoepidemiological Study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2018;38(4):349-356. doi:10.1097/JCP.0000000000000911
Revet A, Montastruc F, Roussin A, Raynaud JP, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Nguyen TTH. Antidepressants and movement disorders: a postmarketing study in the world pharmacovigilance database. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20(1):308. Published 2020 Jun 16. doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02711-z
Bondon-Guitton E, Perez-Lloret S, Bagheri H, Brefel C, Rascol O, Montastruc JL. Drug-induced parkinsonism: a review of 17 years' experience in a regional pharmacovigilance center in France. Mov Disord. 2011;26(12):2226-2231. doi:10.1002/mds.23828
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Dawid Kościołek, Michał Urbaś, Jakub Misiak, Aleksandra Kościołek, Martyna Kępczyk, Oliwia Czekaj, Miłosz Ojdana, Kaja Surowiecka, Oliwia Kwaśniewska, Yehor Demianenko
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The periodical offers access to content in the Open Access system under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 239
Number of citations: 0