Armored heart as an image of constrictive pericarditis - a review of the literature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.43.01.006Keywords
armored heart, constrictive pericarditisAbstract
Introduction: Pericarditis is diagnosed among 5% patients hospitalized due to chest pain. It is included in pericardial syndromes together with constrictive pericarditis, pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. There are many documented etiological factors leading to pericarditis, most commonly divided into infectious and non-infectious ones. The disease typically presents with chest pain, ECG changes, pericardial rub and pericardial effusion. The diagnosis is made with the results of parameters found in patients’ blood and imaging tests. Treatment is usually based on pharmacological therapy, although in some cases the pericardial surgery is necessary. One of the characteristic changes in imaging diagnostics in patients with pericarditis is thickening of pericardial layers, the so-called armored heart.
Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to find clear diagnostic criteria for armored heart as a unique type of constrictive pericarditis.
Materials and methods: Articles available in the databases of medical publications: PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS were analysed using the search phrase: armored heart* AND (pericarditis OR acute pericarditis).
Results: The search phrase was included in 18 records. After the initial verification, repetitive, unavailable and foreign papers were rejected. Finally, 3 manuscripts were included in further analyses. No clear criteria were found to classify constrictive pericarditis as an armored heart.
Conclusions: Armored heart is a 'subtype' of constrictive pericarditis. It seems that this term is used subjectively, based on imaging studies.
References
Imazio M, Brucato A, Mayosi BM, et al. Medical therapy of pericardial diseases Part II : Noninfectious pericarditis , pericardial effusion and constrictive pericarditis. Published online 2010. doi:10.2459/JCM.0b013e3283340b97
Imazio M, Cecchi E, Demichelis B, et al. Myopericarditis versus viral or idiopathic acute pericarditis. Heart. 2008;94(4):498-501. doi:10.1136/hrt.2006.104067
Kytö V, Sipilä J, Rautava P. Clinical profile and influences on outcomes in patients hospitalized for acute pericarditis. Circulation. 2014;130(18):1601-1606. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010376
Adler Y, Charron P, Imazio M, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(42):2921-2964. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv318
Lazaros G, Antonopoulos AS, Lazarou E, et al. Age- and sex-based differences in patients with acute pericarditis. Eur J Clin Invest. 2021;51(3):1-9. doi:10.1111/eci.13392
Khandaker MH, Espinosa RE, Nishimura RA, et al. Choroby osierdzia: rozpoznawanie i leczenie. 2011;20(9):35-60.
Imazio M. Contemporary management of pericardial diseases. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2012;27(3):308-317. doi:10.1097/HCO.0b013e3283524fbe
Wytyczne ESC dotyczące rozpoznawania i leczenia chorób osierdzia w 2015 roku. Published online 2015:1028-1091. doi:10.5603/KP.2015.0228
Imazio M, Spodick DH, Brucato A, Trinchero R, Adler Y. Controversial issues in the management of pericardial diseases. Circulation. 2010;121(7):916-928. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.844753
Khandaker MH, Espinosa RE, Nishimura RA, et al. Pericardial disease: Diagnosis and management. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85(6):572-593. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0046
Mayosi BM, Ch B, Phil D, et al. Prednisolone and Mycobacterium indicus pranii in Tuberculous Pericarditis. 2016;371(12):1121-1130. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1407380.Prednisolone
Mayosi BM, Burgess LJ, Path MC, Doubell AF, Int M. Tuberculous Pericarditis. Published online 2005:3608-3616. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.543066
Jurado LF, Pinzón B, Rosa ZR De, Mejía M, Palacios DM. Tuberculous pericarditis. 2020;40:23-25.
Transient Cardiac Constriction : An Unrecognized Pattern of Evolution in Effusive Acute Idiopathic Pericarditis.
Haley JH, Tajik AJ, Danielson GK, Schaff H V, Mulvagh SL, Oh JK. Transient Constrictive Pericarditis : Causes and Natural History. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43(2):271-275. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.08.032
Syed FF, Schaff H V, Oh JK. Constrictive pericarditis — a curable diastolic heart failure. Nat Publ Gr. 2014;11(9):530-544. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2014.100
Images C. Armored Heart Because of Tuberculous Constrictive Pericarditis. 2019;(March):1-2. doi:10.1093/cid/ciw566
Velthuis S, Laufer EM, Hofstra L, Winkens MHM. An Armored Heart in Constrictive Pericarditis. JAC. 2009;53(11):972. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.11.045
Warburg E. Traumatic armour heart. Am Heart J. 1955;49(4):633-636. doi:10.1016/0002-8703(55)90082-x
Mori M, Mullan CW, Usman S, et al. US National Trends in the Management and Outcomes of Constrictive Pericarditis : 2005-2014. Can J Cardiol. 2019;35(10):1394-1399. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2019.05.015
Gopaldas RR, Dao TK, Caron NR, Markley JG. Predictors of in-hospital complications after pericardiectomy : A nationwide outcomes study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2023;145(5):1227-1233. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.03.072
Tokuda Y, Miyata H, Motomura N. Outcome of Pericardiectomy for Constrictive Pericarditis in Japan : A Nationwide Outcome Study. Published online 2023. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.04.054
Baumgartner WA, Conte J V. NIH Public Access. 2013;94(2):445-451. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.03.079.Contemporary
Bertog SC, Thambidorai SK, Parakh K, et al. Constrictive Pericarditis : Etiology and Cause-Specific Survival After Pericardiectomy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43(8):1445-1452. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.11.048
Manuscript A. NIH Public Access. 2011;23(5):649-657. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2008.12.002.Gonadectomy
Huber SA, Pfaeffle B. Differential Th1 and Th2 Cell Responses in Male and Female BALB / c Mice Infected with Coxsackievirus Group B Type 3 RIu 37 ° C ,. 1994;68(8):5126-5132.
Chang S. Tub e rc u l o u s a n d I n f e c t i o u s P e r i c a rd i t i s. Cardiol Clin. 2023;35(4):615-622. doi:10.1016/j.ccl.2017.07.013
Imazio M, Negro A, Belli R, et al. Frequency and Prognostic Significance of Pericarditis Following Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated by Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Am J Cardiol. 2009;103(11):1525-1529. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.01.366
Gouriet F, Levy PY, Casalta JP, et al. Etiology of pericarditis in a prospective cohort of 1162 cases. Am J Med. 2015;128(7):784.e1-784.e8. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.01.040
Imazio M, Brucato A, Rovere ME, et al. Contemporary features, risk factors, and prognosis of the post-pericardiotomy syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 2011;108(8):1183-1187. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.06.025
Imazio M. The post-pericardiotomy syndrome. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2012;18(4):366-374. doi:10.1097/MCP.0b013e32835311a2
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Wojciech Wokurka, Agata Węgrzyniak, Dominik Drobek, Aleksandra Winiarz, Paula Szlendak, Katarzyna Toś, Kacper Wojtala, Michał Turek, Katarzyna Wąsala, Sylwia Grosman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The periodical offers access to content in the Open Access system under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 475
Number of citations: 0
