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Journal of Education, Health and Sport

Primary amenorrhea - where is the issue? A systematic review of literature in search of an answer
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Primary amenorrhea - where is the issue? A systematic review of literature in search of an answer

Authors

  • Magdalena Bartosik Samodzielny Publiczny Zakład Opieki Zdrowotnej MSWiA w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0171-4975
  • Diana Bartosik-Zielińska Uniwersyteckie Centrum Stomatologii w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-1090
  • Monika Blicharz Uniwersyteckie Centrum Stomatologii w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0710-5641
  • Agnieszka Blicharz Visus Centrum Medyczne https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4536-0651
  • Tomasz Swatko Wielospecjalistyczny Szpital Miejski im. Józefa Strusia z Zakładem Opiekuńczo Leczniczym SPZOZ w Poznaniu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6519-5676

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.15.01.007

Keywords

primary amenorrhea, causes of primary amenorrhea, puberty, menstrual disorders

Abstract

Introduction and purpose: Primary amenorrhea is not a common problem, but it is a cause for concern to the people who are affected by it as well as for their guardians. There are many factors which lead to this particular condition. Making an accurate diagnosis is pivotal in order to provide the patient with correct professional treatment and restore their health.

Aim of the study: Systematic review of the existing evidence on most common reasons which lead to primary amenorrhea. 

Brief description of the state of knowledge: Primary amenorrhea is a medical state, defined as a deficiency of primary menstrual bleeding in girls during their adolescence. Primary amenorrhea is diagnosed by meeting the criteria: no period by the age of 14 in the absence of growth or development of secondary sexual characteristics, or no period by the age of 16 regardless of the presence of normal growth and development with the appearance of secondary sex characteristics. There are multiple causes of this condition. Searching for a solution is heavily dependent on additional symptoms. Lack of menarche can be caused by anatomical anomalies of the female genital system, ovaries dysplasia, dysfunction of hypothalamus and pituitary gland, as well as by medical circumstances which are not included in those groups. 

Summary: The important thing is to make the proper diagnosis of primary amenorrhea. Menstruation disorders are not only gynecological problems, they can also cause systemic, psychological and sexual difficulties. It might impact the future life of maturing young girls.

References

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Published

2023-03-18

How to Cite

1.
BARTOSIK, Magdalena, BARTOSIK-ZIELIŃSKA, Diana, BLICHARZ, Monika, BLICHARZ, Agnieszka and SWATKO, Tomasz. Primary amenorrhea - where is the issue? A systematic review of literature in search of an answer. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. Online. 18 March 2023. Vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 56-62. [Accessed 17 May 2025]. DOI 10.12775/JEHS.2023.15.01.007.
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Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023)

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Copyright (c) 2023 Magdalena Bartosik, Diana Bartosik-Zielińska, Monika Blicharz, Agnieszka Blicharz, Tomasz Swatko

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