Contraception - methods, effectiveness and safety
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.09.072Keywords
contraception, birth control pills, non-barrier methods, methods of contraceptionAbstract
Introduction
The article provides an overview of the available methods of contraception, effectiveness, safety, advantages and disadvantages of using a given contraceptive.
The use of contraception is becoming more and more popular in society. There are many methods of contraception. The choice depends mainly on the patient's preferences, but diseases and a well-collected history are also important.
The aim of the study
Review the latest literature on methods of contraception
Material and methods
The research was conducted using Articles by PubMed and Google Scholar on methods of contraception
Description of the state of knowledge:
There are many methods of contraception, Hormonal methods include oral contraceptive pills, contraceptive patches, implants, hormone injections. Barrier products such as copper / levonogestrel IUDs prevent pregnancy by creating a mechanical barrier to prevent conception. [1,2] The most common method - the use of condoms prevents sperm from entering the uterus. All products and methods have benefits and potential complications, therefore the method should be selected individually for each patient. [6,7]
Summary:
There are many types of contraception . Some of them are almost 100% effective in preventing pregnancy. [1,3,4,5,] It should be remembered that each method of contraception should be selected individually, depending on the patient's needs. [8,9]
References
Schwingl PJ, Ory HW, Visness CW: Estimates of the Risk of Cardiovascular Death Attributable to Low Dose Oral Contraceptives in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1999 (180) 241-249.
Trussell J. Contraceptive failure in the United States. 2011 Jan 21; 83(5): 397-404.
Hubacher D, Lara Ricalde R, Taylor DJ, Guerra Infante F, Guzman Rodriguez R. Use of intrauterine device and the risk of infertility among nulligravid women. N Engl J Med 2001;345:561-567.
Alvarez F, Brache V, Fernandez E, et al. New insights on the mode of action of intrauterine contraceptive devices in women. Fertil Steril 1988;49:768-73.
Croxatto HB, Ortiz ME, Valdez E. IUD mechanism of action. In: Bardin CW, Mishell DR Jr, eds. Proceedings from the Fourth International Conference on IUDs. London:Butterworth-Heinemann, 1994:44-62.
Alan Guttmacher Institute: Sharing Responsibility: Women, Society, and Abortion Worldwide. New York, NY, Alan Guttmacher Institute, 1999.
Finer LB, Zolna MR. Declines in unintended pregnancy in the United States, 2008–2011. New England Journal of Medicine. 2016 Mar 3;374(9):843-52.
Jones RK, Darroch JE, Henshaw SK. Contraceptive use among US women having abortions in 2000-2001. Perspect Sex Reprod Health 2002; 34:294-303.
Gemzell-Danielsson K, Schellschmidt I, Apter D. A randomized, phase II study describing the efficacy, bleeding profile, and safety of two low-dose levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive systems and Mirena. Fertility and sterility. 2012 Mar 31;97(3):616-622.
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Copyright (c) 2022 Paulina Pawłowska, Alicja Ozga-Stachurska, Justyna Wójcik-Grudzień, Martyna Rozenbajgier
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