The importance of preventing infections related to the implantation of a cardiac implantable electronic devices in the population of Bydgoszcz
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.20.01.016Keywords
implantation, cardiac implantable electronic devices, BydgoszczAbstract
Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection, despite significant developments in medicine, is still a significant source of morbidity and mortality, occurring in the range of 1% to 4% of all implantation cases. A modern approach to reducing the risk of CIED infection is the use of an absorbable antibacterial coating, also known as an envelope in which the device is placed. The material from which the envelope is made is completely absorbed by the body approximately nine weeks after implantation, simultaneously releasing antibiotics. The presented manuscript discusses the importance of preventing infections related to CIEDs implantation and presents partial data on implanted CIEDs in the population of Bydgoszcz.
Research into infections associated with CIED implantation is highly important as it can significantly reduce the risk of complications and improve treatment outcomes. Continued research in this field is essential to refine prevention strategies and enhance the quality of care for CIED patients.
The presented data on implanted CIEDs in the population of Bydgoszcz represent a crucial step in understanding the prevalence of these devices and may provide valuable insights for further research into preventing CIED-related infections. Further analysis of this data can help develop more effective prevention strategies and improve healthcare in this area.
References
K.G. Tarakji, A.D. Krahn, J.E. Poole, S. Mittal, C. Kennergren, M. Biffi, P. Korantzopoulos, P.D. Dallaglio, D.R. Lexcen, J.D. Lande, G. Hilleren, R. Holbrook, B.L. Wilkoff, Risk Factors for CIED Infection After Secondary Procedures: Insights From the WRAP-IT Trial, JACC Clin. Electrophysiol. 8 (2022) 101–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACEP.2021.08.009.
B.L. Wilkoff, G. Boriani, S. Mittal, J.E. Poole, C. Kennergren, ; G Ralph Corey, J.C. Love, R. Augostini, S. Faerestrand, S.S. Wiggins, J.S. Healey, R. Holbrook, J.D. Lande, D.R. Lexcen, S. Willey, K.G. Tarakji, Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Impact of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection A Clinical and Economic Analysis of the WRAP-IT Trial, Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 13 (2020) 8280. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.119.008280.
M. Dai, C. Cai, V. Vaibhav, M.R. Sohail, D.L. Hayes, D.O. Hodge, Y. Tian, R. Asirvatham, J.J. Cochuyt, C. Huang, P.A. Friedman, Y.M. Cha, Trends of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infection in 3 Decades: A Population-Based Study, JACC. Clin. Electrophysiol. 5 (2019) 1071–1080. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACEP.2019.06.016.
N.O. Palmeri, D.B. Kramer, A.W. Karchmer, P.J. Zimetbaum, A Review of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections for the Practicing Electrophysiologist, JACC Clin. Electrophysiol. 7 (2021) 811–824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2021.03.021.
Role of the Preaxillary Flora in Pacemaker Infections : A Prospective Study. Circulation, 97(18), 1791–1795 | 10.1161/01.cir.97.18.1791, (n.d.). https://sci-hub.se/https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.cir.97.18.1791?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub 0pubmed (accessed 29 July 2023).
M.R. Sohail, B.R. Palraj, S. Khalid, D.Z. Uslan, F. Al-Saffar, P.A. Friedman, D.L. Hayes, C.M. Lohse, W.R. Wilson, J.M. Steckelberg, L.M. Baddour, Predicting risk of endovascular device infection in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (PREDICT-SAB), Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol. 8 (2015) 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.114.002199.
D.Z. Uslan, T.F. Dowsley, M.R. Sohail, D.L. Hayes, P.A. Friedman, W.R. Wilson, J.M. Steckelberg, L.M. Baddour, Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infection in Patients with Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia, Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 33 (2010) 407–413. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1540-8159.2009.02565.X.
G.M. Viola, L.L. Awan, R.O. Darouiche, Nonstaphylococcal infections of cardiac implantable electronic devices, Circulation. 121 (2010) 2085–2091. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.936708.
Z. Esquer Garrigos, M.P. George, P. Vijayvargiya, E.M. Tan, S. Farid, O.M. Abu Saleh, P.A. Friedman, J.M. Steckelberg, D.C. DeSimone, W.R. Wilson, L.M. Baddour, M.R. Sohail, Clinical Presentation, Management, and Outcomes of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infections Due to Gram-Negative Versus Gram-Positive Bacteria, Mayo Clin. Proc. 94 (2019) 1268–1277. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MAYOCP.2018.11.029.
D.Z. Uslan, M.R. Sohail, P.A. Friedman, D.L. Hayes, W.R. Wilson, J.M. Steckelberg, L.M. Baddour, Frequency of Permanent Pacemaker or Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Infection in Patients with Gram-Negative Bacteremia, (n.d.). https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/43/6/731/327242 (accessed 30 July 2023).
A. Asundi, M. Stanislawski, P. Mehta, A.E. Baron, H.J. Mull, P.M. Ho, P.J. Zimetbaum, K. Gupta, W. Branch-Elliman, Real-World Effectiveness of Infection Prevention Interventions for Reducing Procedure-Related Cardiac Device Infections: Insights from the VA CART program, Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 40 (2019) 855. https://doi.org/10.1017/ICE.2019.127.
A.J. Greenspon, J.M. Prutkin, M.R. Sohail, H.R. Vikram, L.M. Baddour, S.B. Danik, J. Peacock, C. Falces, J.M. Miro, E. Blank, C. Naber, R.G. Carrillo, C.H. Tseng, D.Z. Uslan, Timing of the Most Recent Device Procedure Influences the Clinical Outcome of Lead-Associated Endocarditis: Results of the MEDIC (Multicenter Electrophysiologic Device Infection Cohort), J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 59 (2012) 681–687. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACC.2011.11.011.
J.C. Lekkerkerker, C. Van Nieuwkoop, S.A. Trines, J.G. Van der Bom, A. Bernards, E.T. Van de Velde, M. Bootsma, K. Zeppenfeld, J.W. Jukema, J.W. Borleffs, M.J. Schalij, L. Van Erven, Risk factors and time delay associated with cardiac device infections: Leiden device registry, Heart. 95 (2009) 715–720. https://doi.org/10.1136/HRT.2008.151985.
K.Y. Le, M.R. Sohail, P.A. Friedman, D.Z. Uslan, S.S. Cha, D.L. Hayes, W.R. Wilson, J.M. Steckelberg, L.M. Baddour, Impact of timing of device removal on mortality in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections, Hear. Rhythm. 8 (2011) 1678–1685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2011.05.015.
A.L. Chamis, G.E. Peterson, C.H. Cabell, G.R. Corey, R.A. Sorrentino, R.A. Greenfield, T. Ryan, L.B. Reller, V.G. Fowler, Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in Patients With Permanent Pacemakers or Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators, Circulation. 104 (2001) 1029–1033. https://doi.org/10.1161/HC3401.095097.
A.A. Hussein, Y. Baghdy, O.M. Wazni, M.P. Brunner, G. Kabbach, M. Shao, S. Gordon, W.I. Saliba, B.L. Wilkoff, K.G. Tarakji, Microbiology of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections, JACC. Clin. Electrophysiol. 2 (2016) 498–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACEP.2016.01.019.
K.G. Tarakji, E.J. Chan, D.J. Cantillon, A.L. Doonan, T. Hu, S. Schmitt, T.G. Fraser, A. Kim, S.M. Gordon, B.L. Wilkoff, Cardiac implantable electronic device infections: Presentation, management, and patient outcomes, Hear. Rhythm. 7 (2010) 1043–1047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2010.05.016.
R. Izquierdo, C. Llorente, J. Mayo, C. Garcia-Porrua, C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, Pacemaker infection due to Aspergillus: report of two cases and literature review, Clin. Cardiol. 28 (2005) 36. https://doi.org/10.1002/CLC.4960280110.
J.A. Grammes, C.M. Schulze, M. Al-Bataineh, G.A. Yesenosky, C.S. Saari, M.J. Vrabel, J. Horrow, M. Chowdhury, J.M. Fontaine, S.P. Kutalek, Percutaneous Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Lead Extraction in 100 Patients With Intracardiac Vegetations Defined by Transesophageal Echocardiogram, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 55 (2010) 886–894. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACC.2009.11.034.
Z. Esquer Garrigos, M.P. George, S. Farid, O.M. Abu Saleh, P. Vijayvargiya, M. Mahmood, P.A. Friedman, J.M. Steckelberg, D.C. DeSimone, W.R. Wilson, L.M. Baddour, M.R. Sohail, Diagnostic evaluation and management of culture-negative cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections, Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 41 (2018) 933–942. https://doi.org/10.1111/PACE.13397.
M.R. Sohail, D.Z. Uslan, A.H. Khan, P.A. Friedman, D.L. Hayes, W.R. Wilson, J.M. Steckelberg, S. Stoner, L.M. Baddour, Management and Outcome of Permanent Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Infections, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 49 (2007) 1851–1859. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACC.2007.01.072.
M.G. Bongiorni, C. Tascini, E. Tagliaferri, A. Di Cori, E. Soldati, A. Leonildi, G. Zucchelli, I. Ciullo, F. Menichetti, Microbiology of cardiac implantable electronic device infections, (n.d.). https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/eus044.
A.J. Greenspon, J.D. Patel, E. Lau, J.A. Ochoa, D.R. Frisch, R.T. Ho, B.B. Pavri, S.M. Kurtz, 16-Year Trends in the Infection Burden for Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in the United States: 1993 to 2008, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 58 (2011) 1001–1006. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACC.2011.04.033.
R.E. Kirkfeldt, J.B. Johansen, E.A. Nohr, O.D. Jorgensen, J.C. Nielsen, Editor’s choice: Complications after cardiac implantable electronic device implantations: an analysis of a complete, nationwide cohort in Denmark, Eur. Heart J. 35 (2014) 1186. https://doi.org/10.1093/EURHEARTJ/EHT511.
T. Olsen, O.D. Jørgensen, J.C. Nielsen, A.M. Thøgersen, B.T. Philbert, J.B. Johansen, Incidence of device-related infection in 97 750 patients: clinical data from the complete Danish device-cohort (1982–2018), Eur. Heart J. 40 (2019) 1862. https://doi.org/10.1093/EURHEARTJ/EHZ316.
P. Palmisano, M. Accogli, M. Zaccaria, G. Luzzi, F. Nacci, M. Anaclerio, S. Favale, Rate, causes, and impact on patient outcome of implantable device complications requiring surgical revision: large population survey from two centres in Italy, EP Eur. 15 (2013) 531–540. https://doi.org/10.1093/EUROPACE/EUS337.
A.J. Greenspon, E.L. Eby, A.A. Petrilla, M.R. Sohail, Treatment patterns, costs, and mortality among Medicare beneficiaries with CIED infection, Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 41 (2018) 495–503. https://doi.org/10.1111/PACE.13300.
B.L. Wilkoff, G. Boriani, S. Mittal, J.E. Poole, C. Kennergren, G.R. Corey, A.D. Krahn, E.J. Schloss, J.L. Gallastegui, R.A. Pickett, R.F. Evonich, S.F. Roark, D.M. Sorrentino, D.P. Sholevar, E.M. Cronin, B.J. Berman, D.W. Riggio, H.H. Khan, M.T. Silver, J. Collier, Z. Eldadah, R. Holbrook, J.D. Lande, D.R. Lexcen, S. Seshadri, K.G. Tarakji, Cost-Effectiveness of an Antibacterial Envelope for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection Prevention in the US Healthcare System From the WRAP-IT Trial, Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol. 13 (2020) E008503. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.120.008503.
M.R. Sohail, C.A. Henrikson, M.J. Braid-Forbes, K.F. Forbes, D.J. Lerner, Mortality and cost associated with cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections, Arch. Intern. Med. 171 (2011) 1821–1828. https://doi.org/10.1001/ARCHINTERNMED.2011.441.
D.H. Lee, E.J. Gracely, S.Y. Aleem, S.P. Kutalek, O. Vielemeyer, Differences of Mortality Rates between Pocket and Nonpocket Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infections, Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 38 (2015) 1456–1463. https://doi.org/10.1111/PACE.12748.
K.A. Polyzos, A.A. Konstantelias, M.E. Falagas, Pacing and resynchronization therapy Risk factors for cardiac implantable electronic device infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis, (n.d.). https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euv053.
E. Jędrzejczyk-Patej, M. Mazurek, O. Kowalski, A. Sokal, M. Kozieł, K. Adamczyk, K. Przybylska-Siedlecka, S. Morawski, A. Liberska, M. Szulik, T. Podolecki, J. Kowalczyk, Z. Kalarus, R. Lenarczyk, Device-related infective endocarditis in cardiac resynchronization therapy recipients — Single center registry with over 2500 person-years follow up, Int. J. Cardiol. 227 (2017) 18–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.029.
M.R. Sohail, E.L. Eby, M.P. Ryan, C. Gunnarsson, L.A. Wright, A.J. Greenspon, Incidence, Treatment Intensity, and Incremental Annual Expenditures for Patients Experiencing a Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection: Evidence from a Large US Payer Database 1-Year Post Implantation, Circ. Arrhythmia Electrophysiol. 9 (2016) 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.116.003929.
B.L. Wilkoff, G. Boriani, S. Mittal, J.E. Poole, C. Kennergren, G.R. Corey, A.D. Krahn, E.J. Schloss, J.L. Gallastegui, R.A. Pickett, R.F. Evonich, S.F. Roark, D.M. Sorrentino, D.P. Sholevar, E.M. Cronin, B.J. Berman, D.W. Riggio, H.H. Khan, M.T. Silver, J. Collier, Z. Eldadah, R. Holbrook, J.D. Lande, D.R. Lexcen, S. Seshadri, K.G. Tarakji, Cost-Effectiveness of an Antibacterial Envelope for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection Prevention in the US Healthcare System From the WRAP-IT Trial, Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol. 13 (2020) e008503. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.120.008503.
F.M. Kusumoto, M.H. Schoenfeld, B.L. Wilkoff, C.I. Berul, U.M. Birgersdotter-Green, R. Carrillo, Y.M. Cha, J. Clancy, J.C. Deharo, K.A. Ellenbogen, D. Exner, A.A. Hussein, C. Kennergren, A. Krahn, R. Lee, C.J. Love, R.A. Madden, H.A. Mazzetti, J.E.C. Moore, J. Parsonnet, K.K. Patton, M.A. Rozner, K.A. Selzman, M. Shoda, K. Srivathsan, N.F. Strathmore, C.D. Swerdlow, C. Tompkins, O. Wazni, 2017 HRS expert consensus statement on cardiovascular implantable electronic device lead management and extraction, Hear. Rhythm. 14 (2017) e503–e551. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HRTHM.2017.09.001/ATTACHMENT/ECE087B3-7E5A-4D9E-8A62-BBC39EB89659/MMC1.PDF.
C. Blomström-Lundqvist, V. Traykov, P.A. Erba, H. Burri, J.C. Nielsen, M.G. Bongiorni, J. Poole, G. Boriani, R. Costa, J.C. Deharo, L.M. Epstein, L. Saghy, U. Snygg-Martin, C. Starck, C. Tascini, N. Strathmore, Z. Kalarus, S. Boveda, N. Dagres, C.A. Rinaldi, M. Biffi, L. Gellér, A. Sokal, U. Birgersdotter-Green, N. Lever, M. Tajstra, A. Kutarski, D.A. Rodríguez, B. Hasse, A. Zinkernagel, E. Mangoni, European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) international consensus document on how to prevent, diagnose, and treat cardiac implantable electronic device infections—endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS), International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID) and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) in collaboration with the European Associatio, Europace. 22 (2020) 515. https://doi.org/10.1093/EUROPACE/EUZ246.
H. Büttner, D. Mack, H. Rohde, C. Lee, C. Renata Arciola, Structural basis of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation: mechanisms and molecular interactions, (2015). https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2015.00014.
S. Kliniczny, P. Pa, U. Medycznego, K. Marcinkowskiego, K. Go, C. Medyczne, L. Gieca, U. Medycznego, A. Przybylski, K.S. Wojew, J. Kr, K. Wita, C. Medyczne, L. Gieca, Jak ograniczyć koszty związane z występowaniem infekcji układów stosowanych do elektroterapii serca w Polsce Badanie oparte na analizie przypadków i perspektywie płatnika, n.d.
M. Glikson, J.C. Nielsen, M.B. Kronborg, Y. Michowitz, A. Auricchio, I.M. Barbash, J.A. Barrabés, G. Boriani, F. Braunschweig, M. Brignole, H. Burri, A.J.S. Coats, J.C. Deharo, V. Delgado, G.P. DIller, C.W. Israel, A. Keren, R.E. Knops, Di. Kotecha, C. Leclercq, B. Merkely, C. Starck, I. Thylén, J.M. Tolosana, F. Leyva, C. Linde, M. Abdelhamid, V. Aboyans, E. Arbelo, R. Asteggiano, G. Barón-Esquivias, J. Bauersachs, M. Biffi, U. Birgersdotter-Green, M.G. Bongiorni, M.A. Borger, J. Celutkienė, M. Cikes, J.C. Daubert, I. Drossart, K. Ellenbogen, P.M. Elliott, L. Fabritz, V. Falk, L. Fauchier, F. Fernández-Avilés, D. Foldager, F. Gadler, P.G.G. De Vinuesa, B. Gorenek, J.M. Guerra, K. Hermann Haugaa, J. Hendriks, T. Kahan, H.A. Katus, A. Konradi, K.C. Koskinas, H. Law, B.S. Lewis, N.J. Linker, M.L. Løchen, J. Lumens, J. Mascherbauer, W. Mullens, K.V. Nagy, E. Prescott, P. Raatikainen, A. Rakisheva, T. Reichlin, R. Pietro Ricci, E. Shlyakhto, M. Sitges, M. Sousa-Uva, R. Sutton, P. Suwalski, J.H. Svendsen, R.M. Touyz, I.C. Van Gelder, K. Vernooy, J. Waltenberger, Z. Whinnett, K.K. Witte, A. Qoriany, 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy, Eur. Heart J. 42 (2021) 3427–3520. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab364.
M.F. El-Chami, C.M. Jacobsen, R.I. Griffiths, L.K. Hansen, N. Wold, S.L. Amorosi, T.M. Stivland, B.P. Knight, R. Weiss, G.E. Mark, M. Biffi, V. Probst, P.D. Lambiase, M.A. Miller, L.M. Baddour, Device-related infection in de novo transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator Medicare patients, Hear. Rhythm. 18 (2021) 1301–1309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.04.014.
K.G. Tarakji, A.D. Krahn, J.E. Poole, S. Mittal, C. Kennergren, M. Biffi, P. Korantzopoulos, P.D. Dallaglio, D.R. Lexcen, J.D. Lande, G. Hilleren, R. Holbrook, B.L. Wilkoff, Risk Factors for CIED Infection After Secondary Procedures: Insights From the WRAP-IT Trial, JACC Clin. Electrophysiol. 8 (2022) 101–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2021.08.009.
J.N. Ngiam, T.S. Liong, M.Y. Sim, N.W.S. Chew, C.H. Sia, S.P. Chan, T.W. Lim, T.C. Yeo, P.A. Tambyah, P.H. Loh, K.K. Poh, W.K.F. Kong, Risk Factors for Mortality in Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device (CIED) Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, J. Clin. Med. 11 (2022) 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113063.
P. Phillips, A.D. Krahn, J.G. Andrade, S. Chakrabarti, C.R. Thompson, D.J. Harris, J.M. Forman, S.S. Karim, L.D. Sterns, L.M. Fedoruk, E. Partlow, J. Bashir, Treatment and Prevention of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device (CIED) Infections, CJC Open. 4 (2022) 946–958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjco.2022.07.010.
S. Sławek-Szmyt, A. Araszkiewicz, M. Grygier, K. Szmyt, L. Chmielewska-Michalak, W. Seniuk, M. Waśniewski, T. Smukowski, M. Lesiak, P. Mitkowski, Predictors of long-term infections after cardiac implantable electronic device surgery - Utility of novel PADIT and PACE DRAP scores, Circ. J. 84 (2020) 1754–1763. https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-20-0305.
H.C. Han, N.M. Hawkins, C.M. Pearman, D.H. Birnie, A.D. Krahn, Epidemiology of cardiac implantable electronic device infections: incidence and risk factors, Europace. 23 (2021) IV3–IV10. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euab042.
M. Malagù, L. Donazzan, A. Capanni, P. Sirugo, C. Rapezzi, M. Bertini, Risk Scores for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection: Which One to Believe In?, J. Clin. Med. 11 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216556.
G. Boriani, M. Proietti, M. Bertini, I. Diemberger, P. Palmisano, S. Baccarini, F. Biscione, N. Bottoni, A. Ciccaglioni, A.D. Monte, F.A. Ferrari, S. Iacopino, M. Piacenti, D. Porcelli, S. Sangiorgio, L. Santini, M. Malagù, G. Stabile, J.F. Imberti, D. Caruso, M. Zoni-Berisso, R. De Ponti, R. Pietro Ricci, Incidence and Predictors of Infections and All-Cause Death in Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: The Italian Nationwide RI-AIAC Registry, J. Pers. Med. 12 (2022) 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12010091.
K.G. Tarakji, S. Mittal, C. Kennergren, R. Corey, J. Poole, K. Stromberg, D.R. Lexcen, B.L. Wilkoff, Worldwide Randomized Antibiotic EnveloPe Infection PrevenTion Trial (WRAP-IT), Am. Heart J. 180 (2016) 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AHJ.2016.06.010.
G. Kay, E.L. Eby, B. Brown, J. Lyon, S. Eggington, G. Kumar, E. Fenwick, M.R. Sohail, D.J. Wright, Cost-effectiveness of TYRX absorbable antibacterial envelope for prevention of cardiovascular implantable electronic device infection, J. Med. Econ. 21 (2018) 294–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2017.1409227.
K.G. Tarakji, S. Mittal, C. Kennergren, R. Corey, J.E. Poole, E. Schloss, J. Gallastegui, R.A. Pickett, R. Evonich, F. Philippon, J.M. McComb, S.F. Roark, D. Sorrentino, D. Sholevar, E. Cronin, B. Berman, D. Riggio, M. Biffi, H. Khan, M.T. Silver, J. Collier, Z. Eldadah, D.J. Wright, J.D. Lande, D.R. Lexcen, A. Cheng, B.L. Wilkoff, Antibacterial Envelope to Prevent Cardiac Implantable Device Infection, N. Engl. J. Med. 380 (2019) 1895–1905. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMOA1901111/SUPPL_FILE/NEJMOA1901111_DATA-SHARING.PDF.
U. Chaudhry, R. Borgquist, J.G. Smith, D. Mörtsell, Efficacy of the antibacterial envelope to prevent cardiac implantable electronic device infection in a high-risk population, Europace. 24 (2022) 1973–1980. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euac119.
D.H. Birnie, J. Wang, M. Alings, F. Philippon, R. Parkash, J. Manlucu, P. Angaran, C. Rinne, B. Coutu, R.A. Low, V. Essebag, C. Morillo, D. Redfearn, S. Toal, G. Becker, M. Degrâce, B. Thibault, E. Crystal, S. Tung, J. LeMaitre, O. Sultan, M. Bennett, J. Bashir, F. Ayala-Paredes, P. Gervais, L. Rioux, M.E.W. Hemels, L.H.R. Bouwels, D. V. Exner, P. Dorian, S.J. Connolly, Y. Longtin, A.D. Krahn, Risk Factors for Infections Involving Cardiac Implanted Electronic Devices, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 74 (2019) 2845–2854. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACC.2019.09.060.
A.A.A. Asbeutah, M.H. Salem, S.A. Asbeutah, M.A. Abu-Assi, The role of an antibiotic envelope in the prevention of major cardiac implantable electronic device infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Med. (United States). 99 (2020) E20834. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000020834.
G. Boriani, C. Kennergren, K.G. Tarakji, D.J. Wright, F.Z. Ahmed, J.M. McComb, A. Goette, T. Blum, M. Biffi, M. Green, J. Shore, P.L. Carion, B.L. Wilkoff, Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of an Absorbable Antibacterial Envelope for Use in Patients at Increased Risk of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection in Germany, Italy, and England, Value Heal. 24 (2021) 930–938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2020.12.021.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Łukasz Wołowiec, Sławomir Sielski, Xawery Żukow, Jakub Konieczny, Przemysław Sawicki, Albert Jaśniak, Grzegorz Grześk
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The periodical offers access to content in the Open Access system under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 234
Number of citations: 0
